Fork-decomposition of Cartesian Product of Graphs

Let G = (V, E) be a graph. Fork is a tree obtained by subdividing any edge of a star of size three exactly once. In this paper, we investigate the necessary and sufficient condition for the fork-decomposition of Cartesian product of graphs

Certain Investigations on Vehicles Number Plate Identification using Top Hat Transform Algorithm and Optical Character Recognition

Investigation on vehicles number plate with top hat transforms is the method to recognize the characters on number plate utilizing the process like Image processing and OCR. The conception of this project is, first the image of the vehicle is to be captured. Next, the number plate of the vehicles is extracted from captured images using Top Hat transform algorithms. Conclusively, Optical Character Recognization recognizes the character presented in number plate. Additionally, the extracted data is stored in our database. This project can be implemented on various security zones like Parking Systems, Traffic Control areas, Toll gates, tracking of vehicles, etc. In the current scenario, the usage of vehicles increases day by day. Hence it's impossible to maintain the record manually for entire Vehicles. By expanding this system it becomes easy to sustain such rather records. In the majority of the nations, the extent of the number plate relies upon the aspect ratio. It can be figured by Width over Height. This work proposes the strategy for following Indian Number Plates of the vehicle. While contrasting other number plate extraction strategy this technique varies in such a path, in several strategies, they utilized just an area of a number plate for recognizing the character. However, in this method the entire vehicle can be included which first finds the particular zone of number plate then it executes character Recognition. Template matching technique where used in previous methods of number plate identification which one and only needs an area of a number plate. The disadvantages of previous techniques are it can only recognize already stored character in the templates and if there is more than one number plate, it is impossible to identify the sector of the number plate. Therefore to overcome such errors, we developed this algorithm which relatively gives better results while comparing with other methods. The absolute time taken for one execution is below 5 seconds

A Faster Routing Scheme for Stationary Wireless Sensor Networks - A Hybrid Approach

A wireless sensor network consists of light-weight, low power, small size sensor nodes. Routing in wireless sensor networks is a demanding task. This demand has led to a number of routing protocols which efficiently utilize the limited resources available at the sensor nodes. Most of these protocols are either based on single hop routing or multi hop routing and typically find the minimum energy path without addressing other issues such as time delay in delivering a packet, load balancing, and redundancy of data. Response time is very critical in environment monitoring sensor networks where typically the sensors are stationary and transmit data to a base station or a sink node. In this paper a faster load balancing routing protocol based on location with a hybrid approach is proposed.Comment: 10 page

Influence of Sea Surface Temperature on the Gonadal development of Sea urchin Temnopleurus toreumaticus from the Gulf of Mannar, South East Coast of India

This study was conducted for a 20 months period from October 2013 to May 2015 in Gulf of Mannar, south east coast of India. During the investigation the abiotic factors viz., Sea surface temperature (SST), Daylight photoperiod and atmospheric temperature data were collected from International comprehensive Ocean Atmospheric Database (ICOADS) and the reproductive cycle of the sea urchin was studied from the monthly sampling of sea urchin collected from Vedalai landing centre in Gulf of Mannar. The gonads were studied to calculate Gonad index as well histological to categories them into four different stages of the development and this data was compared with abiotic factors to study the influence of it on the reproductive behaviour of sea urchin. The data were analyzed statistically through Pearson correlation and it was found negative between mean monthly gonad index and day length photoperiod, as well as with SST. This clearly indicates that the gonadal development in sea urchin is very much influenced by these two abiotic factors; however other nutritional factors might play greater role in the development gonad

Anthropophilic Behavior of Aedes albopictus: A Predominant Vector of Dengue/Chikungunya in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, South India

Human host seeking behavior of Aedes albopictus was evaluated using human landing collections conducted during both dry and wet seasons of 2010-2012 in Thiruvanathapuram district, Kerala. Collections were segregated hourly to provide a time distribution of host-seeking behavior. Aedes albopictus’ day time landing collections comprised of 36.89% and maintained 3-4 per man hour (PMH) density during morning hours whereas 2-3 per man hour density during afternoon hours. PMH density of Aedes albopictus (P < 0.001) and Aedes vittatus (P < 0.05) varied significantly between pre and post monsoon seasons. PMH density of Aedes albopictus is correlated with humidity at pre monsoon season (r = 0.64) but slightly correlated with post monsoon season (r = 0.35). Night time collections showed the presence of Ae. albopictus and Ae. vittatus from both indoor and outdoor landing collections. Density of both Ae. albopictus and Ae. vittatus significantly varied in Day time and Indoor (Night time) collections (P < 0.05). Density of Aedes albopictus significantly varied in Day time and Thinnai (Night time) collections (P < 0.05). Aedes albopictus was the only species that varied both in Indoor and Thinnai night time collections (P < 0.05). This study revealed that the Ae. albopictus mosquitoes predominantly bite during day time (95.5%) compared to night time in Thinnai (3.9%). Increase in dengue cases reported during the post monsoon period in Kerala was due to the increased human host seeking behavior (71.3%) of Ae. albopictus