DISTÚRBIOS DO SONO E SUA MEDICALIZAÇÃO: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA DA LITERATURA

O sono é um estado fisiológico inato e recorrente do ser humano, sendo indispensável para garantir a sua qualidade de vida. Disfunções do sono podem afetar o ritmo biológico do indivíduo, implicando em vários agravos a saúde. Nesse contexto, surgem conceitos como a medicalização, buscando sanar este e outros problemas em nossa sociedade contemporânea, atribuindo caráter clínico e/ou medicamentoso aos problemas em questão. Objetivou-se neste estudo investigar na literatura científica fontes e evidências confiáveis, acerca do fenômeno da medicalização dos distúrbios do sono, realizando-se, assim, um apanhado destas informações. Para a elaboração deste estudo incluiu-se as palavras “Distúrbios”, “Medicamentos”, “Medicalização” e “Sono” nas bases de dados científicos PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO e Web of Science. Diante do exposto, foi possível concluir uma investigação na literatura científica, reunindo-se fontes e evidências confiáveis, acerca do fenômeno da medicalização dos distúrbios do sono, realizando-se, assim, um apanhado satisfatório dessas informações

Chitosan microparticles loaded with essential oils inhibit duo-biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans

Oral candidiasis is a common fungal infection that affects the oral mucosa, and happens when Candida albicans interacts with bacteria in the oral microbiota, such as Streptococcus mutans, causing severe early childhood caries. C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms are challenging to treat with conventional antimicrobial therapies, thus, new anti-infective drugs are required. Objective: This study aimed to test a drug delivery system based on chitosan microparticles loaded with geranium and lemongrass essential oils to inhibit C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms. Methodology: Chitosan microparticles loaded with essential oils (CM-EOs) were obtained by spray-drying. Susceptibility of planktonic were performed according CLSI at 4 to 2,048 µg/mL. Mixed biofilms were incubated at 37ºC for 48 h and exposed to CM-EOs at 256 to 4,096 µg/mL. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated using the MTT assay, with biofilm architectural changes analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. RAW 264.7 cell was used to evaluate compound cytotoxicity. Results: CM-EOs had better planktonic activity against C. albicans than S. mutans. All samples reduced the metabolic activity of mixed C. albicans and S. mutans biofilms, with encapsulated oils showing better activity than raw chitosan or oils. The microparticles reduced the biofilm on the slides. The essential oils showed cytotoxic effects against RAW 264.7 cells, but encapsulation into chitosan microparticles decreased their toxicity. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that chitosan loaded with essential oils may provide an alternative method for treating diseases caused by C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilm, such as dental caries

Uma breve caracterização dos surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos no Estado do Ceará no período de 2014 a 2016

Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos (DTA) constituem síndromes resultantes de alimentos e/ou água contaminados. Assim, objetivou-se caracterizar os surtos alimentares no Estado do Ceará (CE) no período de 2014 a 2016, empregando-se de uma metodologia descritiva, do tipo transversal e de caráter retrospectivo, valendo-se dos dados da Secretaria de Saúde e do Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado (LACEN-CE). Foram notificados 67 surtos de DTA no CE, com um total de 1.984 pacientes, 188 alimentos analisados e 879 testes microbiológicos executados, com uma prevalência de registros de surtos nos meses de março, agosto e setembro. O LACEN-CE auxiliou na elucidação de 80,6% das notificações de surtos de DTA no CE, observando-se um predomínio dos agentes microbiológicos Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva (20,30%), Escherichia coli (21,87%) e Coliformes totais (33,59%). Ficou claro a constância de surtos fora da Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza, assim como de alimentos como queijos (19,29%), carnes (8,77%) e arroz (7,02%) envolvidos nas notificações. Evidenciando-se, assim, o perfil dos surtos de DTA no CE, caracterizando-os e demonstrando a sua importância para estudos futuros

Chitosan microparticles loaded with essential oils inhibit duo-biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans

Abstract Oral candidiasis is a common fungal infection that affects the oral mucosa, and happens when Candida albicans interacts with bacteria in the oral microbiota, such as Streptococcus mutans, causing severe early childhood caries. C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms are challenging to treat with conventional antimicrobial therapies, thus, new anti-infective drugs are required. Objective This study aimed to test a drug delivery system based on chitosan microparticles loaded with geranium and lemongrass essential oils to inhibit C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilms. Methodology Chitosan microparticles loaded with essential oils (CM-EOs) were obtained by spray-drying. Susceptibility of planktonic were performed according CLSI at 4 to 2,048 µg/mL. Mixed biofilms were incubated at 37ºC for 48 h and exposed to CM-EOs at 256 to 4,096 µg/mL. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated using the MTT assay, with biofilm architectural changes analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. RAW 264.7 cell was used to evaluate compound cytotoxicity. Results CM-EOs had better planktonic activity against C. albicans than S. mutans. All samples reduced the metabolic activity of mixed C. albicans and S. mutans biofilms, with encapsulated oils showing better activity than raw chitosan or oils. The microparticles reduced the biofilm on the slides. The essential oils showed cytotoxic effects against RAW 264.7 cells, but encapsulation into chitosan microparticles decreased their toxicity. Conclusion This study demonstrates that chitosan loaded with essential oils may provide an alternative method for treating diseases caused by C. albicans and S. mutans mixed biofilm, such as dental caries

Exercise modifies lipid and glucose metabolism alterations induced by sleep deprivation in mice

Insufficient sleep compromises lipid/glucose homeostasis. In opposition, exercise increases energy expenditure and has positive effects on glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Presently, it is hypothesized that exercise ameliorates metabolic dysfunction associated with sleep deprivation (SD). The effects of exercise (EX), SD and EX before SD. (EX+SD) on lipid and glucose metabolism were evaluated. Swiss mice were assigned to 4 groups (N=12, each) control, exercise (EX, 8 weeks, 1-hour of treadmill/9cm/s, 5x/week, from noon to 1:00 p.m.), SD (SD-72h, multiple platforms method), and exercise before SD (EX+SD). Exercise increased blood glucose, lactate and triglycerides (p<0.05). Both, SD and EX+SD reduced blood triglycerides (p<0.05). EX increased VLDL and reduced LDL; conversely, SD and EX+SD reduced VLDL and increased LDL. Hepatic triglycerides were markedly reduced by SD (p<0.05) and this was prevented by previous exercise (EX+SD). In summary, exercise improved essential cholesterol fractions and exercise before SD increased hepatic cholesterol and prevented hepatic triglycerides depletion