Interactions Between Oncideres Humeralis Thomson (coleoptera: Cerambycidae) And Melastomataceae: Host-plant Selection And Patterns Of Host Use In South-east Brazil [interações Entre Oncideres Humeralis Thomson (coleoptera: Cerambycidae) E Melastomataceae: Seleção Das Plantas Hospedeiras E Padrões De Uso No Sudeste Do Brasil]

Oncideres humeralis Thomson (Cerambycidae) was observed girdling the main trunk of plants of the Melastomataceae family in south-eastern Brazil. The main objectives of this work were to identify which host plants O. humeralis selects in the field and which are the characteristics of the preferred plants. O. humeralis specifically used Melastomataceae as host plants, attacking only four of the 11 species present in the study area. From the four attacked species, Miconia sellowiana Naudin and M. jucunda Triana were the preferred owes; they are the most abundant and the largest species, respectively. When the plants were taller, O. humeralis girdled the trunk at higher positions, indicating that females select plants with optimum trunk diameter and adjust the point to girdle according to the host height. Females also selected plants with greater numbers of secondary branches. These results indicate that O. humeralis is specific to certain species of Melastomataceae, and that host plants are selected on the basis of their abundance, size or number of secondary branches.341714Austin, A.D., Quicke, D.L.J., Marsh, P.M., The hymenopterous parasitoids of eucalypt longicorn beetles, Phoracantha spp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Australia (1994) Bull. Entomol. Res, 84, pp. 145-174Berkov, A., The impact of redefined species limits in Palame (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Acanthocinini) on assessments of host, seasonal, and stratum specificity (2002) Biol. J. Linn. Soc, 76, pp. 181-198Berkov, A., Meurer-Grimes, B., Purzycki, K.L., Do Lecythidaceae specialist (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) shun fetid tree species (2000) Biotropica, 32, pp. 440-451Berkov, A., Tavakilian, G., Host utilization of the Brazil nut family (Lecythidaceae) by sympatric woodboring species of Palame (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Acanthocinini) (1999) Biol. J. Linn. 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Am, 86, pp. 96-102Hanks, L.M., Paine, T.D., Millar, J.G., Mechanisms of resistance in Eucalyptus against larvae of the eucalyptus longhorned borer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1991) Environ. Entomol, 20, pp. 1583-1587Hanks, L.M., Paine, T.D., Millar, J.G., Host species preference and larval performance in the woodboring beetle Phoracantha semipunctata F (1993) Oecologia, 95, pp. 22-29Hanks, L.M., Paine, T.D., Millar, J.G., Campbell, C.D., Schuch, U.K., Water relations of host trees and resistance to the phloem-boring beetle Phoracantha semipunctata F. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1999) Oecologia, 119, pp. 400-407Hovore, F.T., Penrose, R.L., Notes on Cerambycidae co-inhabiting girdles of Oncideres pustulata Le Conte (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1982) Southwest. 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The Biology Of Oncideres Humeralis Thorms (coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) And New Cerambycidae-melastomataceae Host-plant Associations

Beetles in the genus Oncideres (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) are girdlers and borers that can cause plant mortality and alterations in the recruitment and age structure of their host-plant populations. Host-plant association, oviposition behavior, development and insect associates of Oncideres humeralis were studied in southeastern Brazil. Oncideres humeralis Thorms used four species of Melastomataceae as host plants. Females oviposited in forks of branches and their larvae fed on the parenchyma tissue of the forks. Histological analyses showed that these sites were the softest parts of the branches and provided an entrance for newly hatched larvae. Females prepared their oviposition sites with their mandibles, and inserted their ovipositors into the slits to deposit one to three eggs under the bark. We found about six oviposition slits per branch and a mean of eight eggs per branch. The larvae bored into and grew inside the girdled branches. Larval development took 10-12 months. Another cerambycid, Temnopsis megacephala Germ, developed in the thinner sections of branches that had been girdled by O. humeralis and was thus considered a secondary colonizer. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.413227233Austin, A.D., Quicke, D.L.J., Marsh, P.M., The hymenopterous parasitoids of eucalyptus longicorn beetles, Phoracantha spp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Australia (1994) Bull Entomol Res, 84, pp. 145-174Berkov, A., Meurer-Grimes, B., Purzycki, K.L., Do Lecythidaceae specialists (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) shun fetid tree species? (2000) Biotropica, 32, pp. 440-451Bertels, A., Baucke, O., Segunda relação das pragas das plantas cultivadas no Rio Grande do Sul (1966) Pesq Agropec Bras, 1, pp. 17-46Buck, P.P., Insetos criados em galhos cortados (1957) Iheringia, 4, pp. 1-7Bukatsch, F., Bemerkungen zur Doppelfärbung Astrablau-Safranin (1972) Mikrokosmos, 61, p. 255Cannon, K.F., Robinson, W.H., An artificial diet for laboratory rearing of the old house borer, Hylotrupes bajulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1982) Can Entomol, 114, pp. 739-742Caraglio, Y., Nicolini, E., Petronelli, P., Observations on the links between the architecture of a tree (Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff) and Cerambycidae activity in French Guiana (2001) J Trop Ecol, 17, pp. 459-463Coulson, R.N., Population dynamics of bark beetles (1979) Annu Rev Entomol, 24, pp. 417-447Gerrits, P.O., (1991) The Application of Glycol Methacrylate in HistotechnologySome Fundamental Principles, , Groningen (Netherlands): State University of GroningenGoldsmith, S.K., The mating system and alternative reproductive behaviors of Dendrobias mandibularis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1987) Behav Ecol Sociobiol, 20, pp. 111-115Haack, R.A., Slansky, Fr., Nutritional ecology of wood-feeding Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera (1987) Nutritional Ecology of Insects, Mites, Spiders and Related Invertebrates, pp. 449-456. , Slansky F Jr, Rodriguez JG, editors. New York: John Wiley and SonsHanks, L.M., Influence of the larval host plant on reproductive strategies of cerambycid beetles (1999) Annu Rev Entomol, 44, pp. 483-505Hanks, L.M., McElfresh, J.S., Millar, J.C., Paine, T.D., Phoracantha semipunctata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a serious pest of Eucalyptus in California: Biology and laboratory-rearing procedures (1993) Ann Entomol Soc Am, 86, pp. 96-102Hanks, L.M., Millar, J.G., Paine, T.D., Biology and ecology of the eucalyptus longhorned borer (Phoracantha semipunctata F.) in southern California (1990) Proceedings of the 39th Meeting of the California Forest Pest Council, pp. 12-16. , Adams D, Rios J, editors. Sacramento (CA)Hanks, L.M., Millar, J.G., Paine, T.D., Evaluation of cold temperatures and density as mortality factors of the eucalyptus longhorned borer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in California (1991) Environ Entomol, 20, pp. 1653-1658Hanks, L.M., Millar, J.G., Paine, T.D., Biological constraints on host-range expansion by the wood-boring beetle Phoracantha semipunctata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1995) Ann Entomol Soc Am, 88, pp. 183-188Hanks, L.M., Paine, T.D., Millar, J.G., Mechanisms of resistance in Eucalyptus against larvae of the eucalyptus longhorned borer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1991) Environ Entomol, 20, pp. 1583-1587Hanks, L.M., Paine, T.D., Millar, J.G., Host species preference and larval performance in the wood-boring beetle Phoracantha semipunctata F (1993) Oecologia, 95, pp. 22-29Hanks, L.M., Paine, T.D., Millar, J.G., Campbell, C.D., Schuch, U.K., Water relations of host trees and resistance to the phloem-boring beetle Phoracantha semipunctata F. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1999) Oecologia, 119, pp. 400-407Leitão-Filho, H.F., A flora arbórea da Serra do Japi (1992) História Natural da Serra do Japi: Ecologia e Preservaç ão de uma Área Florestal no Sudeste do Brasil, pp. 40-62. , Morellato LPC, editor. Campinas (Brazil): Editora da Unicamp/FAPESPLinsley, E.G., The Cerambycidae of North America. Part I. Introduction (1961) Univ Calif Publ Entomol, 18, pp. 1-97Martins, U.R., Cerambycidae Sul-Americanos (Coleoptera) I (1997) Soc Bras Entomol (São Paulo)Matter, S.F., Population density and area: The role of between- and within-patch processes (1997) Oecologia, 110, pp. 533-538Matter, S.F., Landry, J.B., Greco, A.M., Lacourse, C.D., Importance of floral phenology and florivory for Tetraopes tetraophthalmus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): Tests at the population and individual level (1999) Environ Entomol, 26, pp. 1044-1051Metcalfe, C.R., Chalk, L., (1950) Anatomy of Dicotyledons, (PART 1), pp. 637-649. , Oxford: Clarendon PressO'Brien, T.P., Feder, N., McCully, M.E., Polychromatic staining of plant cell walls by toluidine blue O (1965) Protoplasma, 59, pp. 368-373Paulino Neto, H.F., Lenhadores da natureza (2004) Ciênc Hoje, 35, pp. 67-69Paulino Neto, H.F., Romero, G.Q., Vasconcellos-Neto, J., Interactions between Oncideres humeralis Thomson (Coleóptera: Cerambycidae) and Melastomataceae: Host-plant selection and patterns of host use in south-east Brazil (2005) Neotrop Entomol, 34, pp. 7-14Pinto, H.S., Clima da Serra do Japi (1992) História Natural da Serra do Japi: Ecologia e Preservaç ão de uma Área Florestal no Sudeste do Brasil, pp. 30-38. , Morellato LPC, editor. 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Frugivory By Sturnira Lilium Bats (phyllostomidae) On Solanum Mauritianum (solanaceae) In Southeastern Brazil

Phyllostomid bats constitute one key seed disperser group in the Neotropical forests and coadaptation between solanacean plants and phyllostomid bats might have occurred. The main goals of this study were: (1) to identify the potential disperser of S. mauritianum and to determine fruit removal rate; (2) to determine the effect of seed passage through the digestive system of S. lilium on germination; and (3) to describe the main fruit characteristics and architectural pattern of fruit display, to assess whether S. mauritianum fruits are exposed above the crown facilitating their removal by bats. Sturnira lilium was the most frequent and reliable fruit consumer of S. mauritianum and Rusty-margined Guan (Cracidae: Penelope superciliaris) and russet rice rat (Muridae: Euryoryzomys russatus) were potential secondary seed dispersers. Sturnira lilium defecated intact seeds that had a higher germination rate than non-ingested seeds. The greenish fruits emit a strong odor of night-ripening fruit. These characteristics, added to high fruit exposition index (2.4) indicating infructescences entirely exposed on the crowns, agree with the chiropterochory syndrome. Our results show that S. lilium is an effective seed disperser of S. mauritianum. Still, further studies are needed to understand the actual contribution of the non-bat fauna to seed dispersal. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.483183189Aguiar, L.M.S., Marinho-Filho, J., Bat frugivory in a remnant of Southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest (2007) Acta Chiropterol, 9, pp. 251-260Albuquerque, L.B., Velásquez, A., Vasconcellos Neto, J., Composição florística de Solanaceae e suas síndromes de polinização e dispersão de sementes em florestas mesófilas neotropicais (2006) Interciência, 31, pp. 807-816Andrade, T.Y., Thies, W., Rogeri, P.K., Kalko, E.K.V., Mello, M.A.R., Hierarchical fruit selection by Neotropical leaf-nosed bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) (2013) J Mammal, 94, pp. 1094-1101Barbosa, D.M., Marques, M.C.M., Pedrosa-Macedo, J.H., Olckers, T., Plant population structure and insect herbivory on Solanum mauritianum Scopoli (Solanaceae) in southern Brazil: a support to biological control (2009) Braz Arch Biol Technol, 52, pp. 413-420Bernard, E., Fenton, M.B., Bat mobility and roosts in a fragmented landscape in central Amazonia, Brazil (2003) Biotropica, 35, pp. 262-277Cáceres, N.C., Moura, M.O., Fruit removal of a wild tomato, Solanum granulosoleprosum Dunal (Solanaceae), by birds, bats and non-flying mammals in an urban Brazilian environment (2003) Rev Bras Zool, 20, pp. 519-522Connell, J.H., (1971) On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rain forest trees, pp. 298-312. , In: Den Boer PJ, Gradwell G, editors: Dynamics of populations. 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