Realimentación con ácido linoleico conjugado aumenta colesterol sérico y altera el perfil de ácidos grasos después de 48 horas de ayuno en ratas

No hay consenso acerca de los efectos del ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) sobre el metabolismo lipídico, especialmente en animales alimentados con una dieta alta en grasa. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la incorporación de isómeros de CLA en el suero, hígado y tejido adiposo, así como el estrés oxidativo generado en ratas realimentadas con dietas altas en grasa después de 48 horas de ayuno. Los animales fueron realimentados con dietas que contenían aceite de soja, rico en ácido linoleico [7% (Groupo Control - C)], o 20% (Groupo LA)], CLA [Groupo CLA - 20% de mezcla de CLA (39,32% moles del c9,t11-CLA y 40.59% moles del t10,c12-CLA)], aceite de soja + CLA (Grupo LA+- CLA - 15.4 % de aceite de soja y 4,6% de CLA) o grasa animal (Grupo AF, 20% de manteca de cerdo). El grupo CLA tuvo menor aumento de peso y menor peso hepático después de la realimentación, así como aumento del colesterol total em el suero. La dieta alta en grasa indujo la acumulación de grasa y un aumento de α-tocoferol en el hígado, que no se observaron en el grupo CLA. El α-tocoferol serico fue mayor en los grupos CLA y LA+CLA. Las dietas altas en grasa redujeron la actividad de la catalasa hepática. Isómeros de CLA fueron incorporados em el suero y tejidos. En este modelo de realimentación de corto prlazo, el CLA ha impedido la acumulación de grasa hepática, aunque genero un aumento del colesterol total sérico.There is no consensus about the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on lipid metabolism, especially in animals fed a high-fat diet. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the incorporation of CLA isomers into serum, liver and adipose tissue, as well as the oxidative stress generated in rats refed with high-fat diets after a 48 hour fast. Rats were refed with diets containing soybean oil, rich in linoleic acid [7% (Control Group - C) or 20% (LA Group)], CLA [CLA Group – 20% CLA mixture (39.32 mole% c9,t11-CLA and 40.59 mole% t10,c12- CLA)], soybean oil + CLA (LA+CLA Group - 15.4% soybean oil and 4.6% CLA) or animal fat (AF, 20% lard). The CLA group showed lower weight gain and liver weight after refeeding, as well as increased serum cholesterol. The high dietary fat intake induced fat accumulation and an increase in α-tocopherol in the liver, which were not observed in the CLA group. Circulating α-tocopherol was increased in the CLA and CLA+LA groups. The high-fat diets reduced liver catalase activity. CLA isomers were incorporated into serum and tissues. In this shortterm refeeding experimental model, CLA prevented hepatic fat accumulation, although it produced an increase in serum cholesterol.Fil: Castro, Gabriela Salim de. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Andreoli, Maria Florencia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Illesca, Paola Guadalupe. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Payão Ovídio, Paula. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Bernal, Claudio Adrian. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Jordão, Alceu A.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Vannucchi, Helio. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi

Effects of Different Vegetable Oils on the Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in C57/BL Mice

Background. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic disorder, affecting 22–28% of the adult population and more than 50% of obese people all over the world. Modulation of the fatty acids in diet as a means of prevention against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in animal models (NAFLD) remains unclear. The treatment of NAFLD has not been described in specific guidelines so far. Thus, the justification for the study is to check modifications in macronutrients composition, fatty acids, in particular, play a significant role in the treatment of NAFLD regardless of weight loss. Aim. To investigate different vegetable oils in prevention and progression of NAFLD in animal models. Methods. For the experiment were used fifty C57BL/6J mice male fed with high fat and fructose diet (HFD) to induce the NAFLD status and they received different commercial vegetable oils for 16 weeks to prevent steatosis. Liver steatosis and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed using biochemical and histological methods. Fatty acids profile in the oils and in the liver samples was obtained. Results. The high fat and fructose diet led to obesity and the vegetable oils offered were effective in maintaining body weight similar to the control group. At the end of the experiment (16 weeks), the HFHFr group had a greater body weight compared to control and treated groups (HFHFr: 44.20 ± 2.34 g/animal vs. control: 34.80 ± 3.45 g/animal; p<0.001; HFHFr/OL: 35.40 ± 4.19 g/animal; HFHFr/C: 36.10 ± 3.92 g/animal; HFHFr/S: 36.25 ± 5.70 g/animal; p<0.01). Furthermore, the HFD diet has caused an increase in total liver fat compared to control (p<0.01). Among the treated groups, the animals receiving canola oil showed a reduction of hepatic and retroperitoneal fat (p<0.05). These biochemical levels were positively correlated with the hepatic histology findings. Hepatic levels of omega-3 decreased in the olive oil and high fat diet groups compared to the control group, whereas these levels increased in the groups receiving canola and soybean oil compared to control and the high fat groups. Conclusion. In conclusion, the commercial vegetable oils either contributed to the prevention or reduction of induced nonalcoholic fatty liver with high fat and fructose diet, especially canola oil

Avaliação do estresse oxidativo no plasma seminal de cães férteis e subférteis após suplementação oral com vitamina C e E

Sperm cells are highly susceptible to oxidative stress due to a high concentration of fatty acid in the composition of their membranes. Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance between the concentrations of antioxidants and oxidants, which can lead to the loss of sperm fertilizing ability. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in seminal plasma, the rates of lipid peroxidation and concentration of antioxidants: Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), catalase, vitamins C and E, from fertile and subfertile dogs after an oral supplementation of vitamin C and E for 60 days. For that, it was used 13 dogs of different breeds and ages that were fed with commercial food (Max Adulto - Royal Canin) for four months. Over the past 60 days, animals received a diet added to oral supplementation of 500 mg vitamin C and E. Semen was collected by penis digital manipulation in three times before (M1), 30 (M2) and 60 days (M3) of supplementation. Seminal plasma was obtained after centrifugation (18000g) of the ejaculate and stored in Eppendorff tubes in a freezer at -20 º C. It was measured in seminal plasma the index of lipid peroxidation, by analysis of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the concentrations of SOD, catalase, vitamin C and E. Analysis of lipid peroxidation, concentrations of SOD, catalase and vitamin C were performed using a spectrophotometer at different wavelengths (532, 530, 230 and 520, respectively) and for the evaluation of SOD it was used a commercial kit (Frutosamina - Labtest ®). The concentration of vitamin E was performed using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed significant differences between groups of fertile and infertile dogs only at M1 (before oral supplementation). There was no difference between groups in other moments. Regarding the concentration of antioxidants, there was no significant difference between groups and between moments. Based on the exposed, the oral supplementation with vitamin C and E in dosages of 500 mg / day for 60 days did not interfere on the rates of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and antioxidant concentrations.Los espermatozoides son muy sensibles al estrés oxidativo debido a la gran concentración de ácidos grasos presentes en sus membranas. El estrés oxidativo se produce debido al desequilibrio entre las concentraciones de las sustancias antioxidantes y oxidantes, lo que puede generar pérdida en la capacidad fértil de los espermatozoides. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar, en el plasma seminal, las tasas de peroxidación de lípidos y la concentración de antioxidantes: superóxido dismutasa (SOD), catalasa, vitaminas C y E, en perros fertiles y subfértiles después de la suplementación oral de vitamina C y E durante 60 días. Para este, hemos utilizado 13 perros de diferentes razas y edades que fueron alimentados con una dieta comercial (Max Adultos - Royal Canin) durante cuatro meses. Durante los últimos 60 días, los animales recibieron la dieta comercial en conjunto con una suplementación oral de 500 mg de vitamina C y E durante 60 días. El semen fue colectado por manipulación digital del pene en tres veces antes (M1), 30 (M2) y 60 días (M3) de la suplementación. El plasma seminal se obtuvo a partir de la centrifugación (18000g) del eyaculado y se almacenó en tubos Eppendorff en un congelador a - 20ºC. En el plasma se midieron la peroxidación lipídica mediante análisis de sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), y las concentraciones de SOD, catalasa, vitamina C y E. Los análisis de peroxidación lipidica, las concentraciones de SOD, catalasa y la vitamina C se realizaron en un espectrofotómetro en diferentes longitudes de onda (532, 530, 230 y 520, respectivamente) y para la evaluación de la SOD utilizó un kit comercial (fructosamina - Labtest ®). La determinación de vitamina E se realizó mediante una cromatografía líquida de alto rendimiento (HPLC). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de perros fértiles e infértiles sólo en M1 (antes de la suplementación oral). No hubo diferencias entre los grupos en otros momentos. En relación a la concentración de antioxidantes, no hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos y entre los tiempos. Con base en lo anterior la suplementación oral con vitamina C y E en dosis de 500 mg / día durante 60 días no afectó los índices de peroxidación lipídica (TBARS) ní las concentraciones de antioxidantes.Os espermatozóides são células altamente susceptíveis ao estresse oxidativo devido a grande concentração de ácidos graxos na composição de suas membranas. O estresse oxidativo ocorre devido a um desequilíbrio entre as concentrações de substâncias antioxidantes e oxidantes, o que pode levar a perda da capacidade fertilizante do espermatozóide. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, no plasma seminal, as taxas de peroxidação lipídica e a concentração das substâncias antioxidantes: Superóxido Dismutase (SOD), catalase, vitaminas C e E de cães férteis e subférteis após uma suplementação oral de vitamina C e E por 60 dias. Foram utilizados 13 cães de diferentes raças e idades que receberam ração comercial (Max Adulto – Royal Canin) por quatro meses. Nos últimos 60 dias, os animais receberam uma suplementação oral de 500mg de vitamina C e E, a qual foi adicionada na ração. O sêmen foi coletado por manipulação digital do pênis em três momentos, antes (M1), após 30 (M2) e 60 dias (M3) de suplementação. O plasma seminal foi obtido após centrifugação (18000g) do ejaculado e armazenado em tubos tipo eppendorf em congelador a -20ºC. Foram mensurados no plasma seminal o índice de peroxidação lipídica, através da análise das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), e as concentrações de SOD, catalase, vitamina C e E. A análise de peroxidação lipídica, das concentrações de SOD, catalase e vitamina C foram realizadas em espectrofotômetro em diferentes comprimentos de onda (532, 530, 230 e 520, respectivamente) sendo que para a avaliação da SOD utilizou-se um kit comercial (Frutosamina – Labtest®). A concentração da vitamina E foi realizada em aparelho de cromatografia líquida de alta performance (HPLC). Os resultados mostraram diferença significativa entre os grupos de cães férteis e subférteis apenas no M1 (antes da suplementação oral). Não foi verificado diferença entre os grupos nos demais momentos. Em relação a concentração dos antioxidantes, não foi observado diferença significativa entre os grupos e entre os momentos. Baseado no exposto a suplementação oral com vitamina C e E nas dosagens de 500mg/dia por 60 dias não interferiu nas taxas de peroxidação lipídica (TBARS) e nas concentrações dos antioxidantes.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Exercise training and taurine supplementation reduce oxidative stress and prevent endothelium dysfunction in rats fed a highly palatable diet

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Aim: Few studies have analysed, from a nutritional point of view, the influence of exercise in minimizing detrimental diet-related health effects. This study evaluated the effectiveness of exercise and taurine supplementation in preventing vascular and metabolic disorders caused by highly palatable diet intake. Main methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats (255-265 g) were divided into 4 groups: Sedentary (SD); Sedentary + 2% taurine (SDTAU), Trained (TR) and Trained + 2% taurine (TRTAU). Exercise (treadmill, 60% maximum speed, 60 min, 5 days/week) started after 4 weeks of highly palatable diet feeding and was carried out for 7 weeks. Key findings: Exercise effectively reduced insulin (61% and 68%), glucose (30% and 7%) and leptin levels (75% and 67%) in TR and TRTAU groups, respectively. All groups showed a reduction in hepatic triglyceride infiltration (74% for SDTAU, 82% for TR and 85% for TRTAU) but only exercise reduced TBARS (50% for TR and 41% for TRTAU). Impaired relaxation was seen in SD (E-max = 67%) and improved with taurine (E-max = 86%) and exercise (E-max = 90% for TR and TRTAU). Increased expression of EC-SOD (32%) was seen in the aortas from all treated groups. Exercise, in the absence of taurine, increased Cu-Zn SOD (44%) and reduced gp91(phox) (34%). Superoxide formation in the aorta was reduced in supplemented (75% in SDTAU) and in trained groups (64% and 77% for TR and TRTAU, respectively). Significance: Exercise and taurine supplementation were effective in preventing endothelial dysfunction induced by highly palatable diet intake, through a decrease in vascular oxidative stress. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Few studies have analysed, from a nutritional point of view, the influence of exercise in minimizing detrimental diet-related health effects. This study evaluated the effectiveness of exercise and taurine supplementation in preventing vascular and metabol1399196FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [2010/12733-4]2010/12733-4This study was supported by a grant from the São Paulo ResearchFoundation (grant# 2010/12733-4