Editorial : Vaccination strategies against ruminant infectious diseases

Ruminant infectious diseases cause economic impact through losses in animal production and human health. Most of the commercially available veterinary vaccines are live attenuated or inactivated which induce different degrees of efficacy, i.e., decrease in clinical symptoms, pathogen dissemination, etc. (1, 2). The use of these vaccines has greatly enhanced ruminant and public wellbeing around the world, however, in some cases, they have limitations in their ability to induce protective immunity. Thus, rationally designed vaccines along with specific immunization schemes are required to achieve the desired outcome of vaccination against an infectious disease. Vaccine safety is another important consideration, not only in terms of potential risks to the target animal (to which the vaccine is administered), but also to the environment and to consumers of food derived from vaccinated animals (3).Instituto de BiotecnologíaFil: Del Medico Zajac, Maria Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Del Medico Zajac, Maria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Moyano, Roberto Damian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Moyano, Roberto Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Colombatti Olivieri, Maria Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Colombatti Olivieri, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

NURSING CARE IN THE PROMOTION OF FAMILY CARE FOR THE NEWBORN PREMATURE

Objective: To reflect on nurse's role in promoting family care in the premature neonate from the analysis of scientific production of nursing nationally and internationally on this topic. Methods: This is a literature review on nursing care in the promotion of family care for the newborn infants. Data were published in the last ten years, in journals indexed in databases: LILACS and BDENF. We found 72 publications of which 7 fell on the goal of the research. For analysis of the productions were analyzed to content in the thematic mode, resulting in 3 categories: a) Nurses in Interaction and Parental Guidance b) Care of premature children c) The family and family support network. Results: There were that the nursing team, is still organizing to get the parents in the NICU. Conclusion: Thus, the publications emphasize the importance of not only spur the team interaction and parental guidance, but also to introduce dynamic with professionals and parents as well as support groups among parents who are experiencing the process of prematurity the child and parents who have lived through this process stronger and stronger reception and exchange of experiences. Descriptors: Prematurity, Care, Nursing, Family.Objetivo: Refletir sobre atuação do enfermeiro na promoção do cuidado familiar ao neonato prematuro a partir da análise da produção científica da enfermagem nacional e internacional acerca desta temática. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a assistência de enfermagem na promoção do cuidado familiar ao neonato prematuro. Os dados analisados foram publicações dos últimos dez anos, em revistas indexadas nas bases de dados: LILACS e BDENF. Foram encontradas 72 publicações das quais 7 se enquadravam no objetivo da pesquisa. Para análise das produções foi adotada a análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática, originando 3 categorias: a) O enfermeiro na Interação e Orientação Parental; b) Cuidado ao filho prematuro; c) A família e a rede de apoio familiar. Resultados: identificamos que a equipe de enfermagem, ainda esta se organizando para receber os pais na UTIN. Conclusão: Dessa forma, as publicações enfatizam a importância de não só estimularmos a equipe na interação e orientação dos pais, mas também de se introduzir dinâmicas com os profissionais e pais, bem como dos grupos de apoio entre pais que estão vivendo o processo de prematuridade do filho e de pais que já viveram esse processo, fortalecendo cada vez mais o acolhimento e a troca de experiências. Descritores: Prematuridade, Cuidados, Enfermagem, Família

COMPARAÇÃO DE TRÊS MÉTODOS DE ANÁLISE QUÍMICA UTILIZANDO GRAMA BERMUDA (Cynodon dactylon) COMO MATRIZ ANALÍTICA

Este trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de conhecer a eficiência dos procedimentos de análise foliar e de raiz, através da comparação de três metodologias para de análise química foliar e de raiz para a quantificação de potássio, sódio e fósforo. Os métodos avaliados foram a digestão via seca em cadinhos de porcelana, digestão nitro-perclórica e extração via úmida com ácido clorídrico. As amostras foram coletadas no setor de agronomia no Centro Universitário da Fundação Educacional de Barretos, e analisadas no laboratório de solos da mesma entidade. Analisaram-se amostras da grama-bermuda (Cynodon dactylon), enriquecida com lodo de esgoto. Na avaliação do método digestão via seca em cadinhos de porcelana obteve-se melhor sensibilidade para leitura do potássio na raiz da planta; na metodologia via úmida nitro-perclórica obteve-se melhor resultado para fósforo tanto na parte aérea quanto na raiz, também para o potássio na parte aérea e para o sódio na raiz; a extração via úmida em ácido clorídrico obteve-se um bom resultado do sódio na parte aérea

Nanocomposite of Ag-Doped ZnO and AgO Nanocrystals as a Preventive Measure to Control Biofilm Formation in Eggshell and Salmonella spp. Entry Into Eggs

Salmonella spp. is an important foodborne agent of salmonellosis, whose sources in humans often include products of avian origin. The control of this bacterium is difficult especially when Salmonella spp. is organized into biofilms. We hypothesized that the novel nanocomposites of ZnO nanocrystals doped with silver (Ag) and silver oxide (AgO) nanocrystals (ZnO:Ag-AgO) synthesized by the coprecipitation method could control or prevent the formation of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) biofilm and its entry into turkey eggs. The diffraction characteristics of ZnO and AgO showed sizes of 28 and 30 nm, respectively. The Zn to Ag substitution into the ZnO crystalline structure was evidenced by the ionic radius of Ag+2 (1.26 Å), which is greater than Zn+2 (0.74 Å). For the SE analyses post-biofilm formation, the ZnO:Ag-AgO was not able to eliminate the biofilm, but the bacterial load was lower than that of the control group. Additionally, SE was able to infiltrate into the eggs and was found in both albumen and yolk. For the SH analyses applied onto the eggshells before biofilm formation, the ZnO:Ag-AgO treatment prevented biofilm formation, and although the bacterium infiltration into the eggs was observed in all treated groups, it was significantly smaller in ZnO:Ag-AgO pre-treated eggs, and SH could not reach the yolk. There was no difference in pore size between groups; therefore, the inhibition of biofilm formation and the prevention of bacterium entry into the egg were attributable to the use of ZnO:Ag-AgO, which was not influenced by the egg structure. Although the amount of Ag and Zn in the shell of the ZnO:Ag-AgO group was greater in relation to the control, this difference was not detected in the other egg components. In the search for new measures that are effective, safe and viable for controlling microorganisms in poultry farming, the application of a nanocomposite of Ag-doped ZnO and AgO nanocrystals appears as an alternative of great potential to prevent Salmonella sp biofilms in eggshells and other surfaces

Defining Natural History: Assessment of the Ability of College Students to Aid in Characterizing Clinical Progression of Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C

Niemann-Pick Disease, type C (NPC) is a fatal, neurodegenerative, lysosomal storage disorder. It is a rare disease with broad phenotypic spectrum and variable age of onset. These issues make it difficult to develop a universally accepted clinical outcome measure to assess urgently needed therapies. To this end, clinical investigators have defined emerging, disease severity scales. The average time from initial symptom to diagnosis is approximately 4 years. Further, some patients may not travel to specialized clinical centers even after diagnosis. We were therefore interested in investigating whether appropriately trained, community-based assessment of patient records could assist in defining disease progression using clinical severity scores. In this study we evolved a secure, step wise process to show that pre-existing medical records may be correctly assessed by non-clinical practitioners trained to quantify disease progression. Sixty-four undergraduate students at the University of Notre Dame were expertly trained in clinical disease assessment and recognition of major and minor symptoms of NPC. Seven clinical records, randomly selected from a total of thirty seven used to establish a leading clinical severity scale, were correctly assessed to show expected characteristics of linear disease progression. Student assessment of two new records donated by NPC families to our study also revealed linear progression of disease, but both showed accelerated disease progression, relative to the current severity scale, especially at the later stages. Together, these data suggest that college students may be trained in assessment of patient records, and thus provide insight into the natural history of a disease

Análisis comparativo de usabilidad de dos plataformas para gestionar la comunicación y estrategia de organizaciones y empresas en redes sociales

El objetivo de esta investigación fue hacer un testeo comparativo de usabilidad y facilidad de trabajo en dos programas: Social Hint y Hoot Suite. Ambos son herramientas diseñadas para asistir empresas, agencias y community managers en la moderación y gestión de las redes sociales. Se buscó comparar entre ambas plataformas a nivel de usabilidad y facilidad en el manejo de los sistemas (a nivel de interfaz, manejo de datos, generación de gráficos y estadísticas). El resultado permitió conocer e identificar fortalezas y debilidades a nivel de la gestión de contenidos y medición en redes sociales a través de esos programas y sus principales características de funcionalidad, a través del uso y testeo de ambos programas a través de escalas de medición de actitudes. Los objetivos de la investigación se cumplieron y se generaron nuevos aportes al área del estudio de las Nuevas Tecnologías y la gestión de las redes sociales

Mosaic maternal ancestry in the Great Lakes region of East Africa

The Great Lakes lie within a region of East Africa with very high human genetic diversity, home of many ethno-linguistic groups usually assumed to be the product of a small number of major dispersals. However, our knowledge of these dispersals relies primarily on the inferences of historical, linguistics and oral traditions, with attempts to match up the archaeological evidence where possible. This is an obvious area to which archaeogenetics can contribute, yet Uganda, at the heart of these developments, has not been studied for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation. Here, we compare mtDNA lineages at this putative genetic crossroads across 409 representatives of the major language groups: Bantu speakers and Eastern and Western Nilotic speakers. We show that Uganda harbours one of the highest mtDNA diversities within and between linguistic groups, with the various groups significantly differentiated from each other. Despite an inferred linguistic origin in South Sudan, the data from the two Nilotic-speaking groups point to a much more complex history, involving not only possible dispersals from Sudan and the Horn but also large-scale assimilation of autochthonous lineages within East Africa and even Uganda itself. The Eastern Nilotic group also carries signals characteristic of West-Central Africa, primarily due to Bantu influence, whereas a much stronger signal in the Western Nilotic group suggests direct West-Central African ancestry. Bantu speakers share lineages with both Nilotic groups, and also harbour East African lineages not found in Western Nilotic speakers, likely due to assimilating indigenous populations since arriving in the region ~3000 years ago

Outcome in patients perceived as receiving excessive care across different ethical climates: a prospective study in 68 intensive care units in Europe and the USA

Purpose: Whether the quality of the ethical climate in the intensive care unit (ICU) improves the identification of patients receiving excessive care and affects patient outcomes is unknown. Methods: In this prospective observational study, perceptions of excessive care (PECs) by clinicians working in 68 ICUs in Europe and the USA were collected daily during a 28-day period. The quality of the ethical climate in the ICUs was assessed via a validated questionnaire. We compared the combined endpoint (death, not at home or poor quality of life at 1 year) of patients with PECs and the time from PECs until written treatment-limitation decisions (TLDs) and death across the four climates defined via cluster analysis. Results: Of the 4747 eligible clinicians, 2992 (63%) evaluated the ethical climate in their ICU. Of the 321 and 623 patients not admitted for monitoring only in ICUs with a good (n = 12, 18%) and poor (n = 24, 35%) climate, 36 (11%) and 74 (12%), respectively were identified with PECs by at least two clinicians. Of the 35 and 71 identified patients with an available combined endpoint, 100% (95% CI 90.0–1.00) and 85.9% (75.4–92.0) (P = 0.02) attained that endpoint. The risk of death (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.20–2.92) or receiving a written TLD (HR 2.32, CI 1.11–4.85) in patients with PECs by at least two clinicians was higher in ICUs with a good climate than in those with a poor one. The differences between ICUs with an average climate, with (n = 12, 18%) or without (n = 20, 29%) nursing involvement at the end of life, and ICUs with a poor climate were less obvious but still in favour of the former. Conclusion: Enhancing the quality of the ethical climate in the ICU may improve both the identification of patients receiving excessive care and the decision-making process at the end of life

Buenas prácticas lecheras : guía para la implementación en la producción de leche bovina

Las “Buenas Prácticas Agropecuarias” hacen referencia a una producción sana, segura y amigable con el ambiente, los animales y las personas. Son numerosos los temas que abarca e involucra la producción primaria de leche: las vacas y su manejo, el ambiente donde producen y las personas que cumplen distintas funciones para potenciar la producción lechera independientemente del sistema y escala, impactando directamente en toda la cadena láctea (desde la producción primaria, la industria y la comercialización) corresponsables de transformar la cosecha de la ubre y ofrecerla al consumidor de forma fluida o a través de derivados lácteos. De acuerdo a las tendencias actuales los consumidores tienen interés en adquirir productos no sólo de acuerdo a su calidad sino también a cómo fueron producidos. La calidad entonces es reconocida en el producto en sí y en todo su proceso desde la producción primaria. En respuesta a estas exigencias surge la Red de Buenas Prácticas Agropecuarias (BPA) como resultado de un proceso de intercambio entre las principales entidades públicas y privadas de Argentina, contando actualmente con más de 90 instituciones. Tiene la misión de contribuir al desarrollo sostenible promoviendo las buenas prácticas agropecuarias en diálogo con la comunidad. Dispone de diversas comisiones entre las que se encuentra la de lechería, que aborda y promueve la implementación de las BPA en los tambos. Los integrantes de la Comisión de Lechería de la Red BPA sentimos una gran satisfacción al presentar esta guía de buenas prácticas lecheras destinada a tamberos, profesionales del agro, entusiastas lecheros, operarios y aquellos inquietos, preocupados y ocupados por lograr leche sana. El presente documento contiene 13 capítulos escritos con terminología sencilla, entendible y adecuada para motivar al lector a aplicar o mejorar las BPA en todos los sectores y categorías de animales que involucra el tambo. Esta guía de buenas prácticas es una herramienta que permite el aseguramiento de la calidad de la leche en los tambos e introduce un cambio de paradigma: pasar de sistemas enfocados sólo en la calidad final de la leche a sistemas proactivos basados en el control, el orden y la mejora de procesos, trabajando en la prevención con capacidad de planificación y anticipación, y manteniendo una coherencia hacia las normas internacionales, buscando así la excelencia de su eslabón primario, el tambo.EEA PergaminoFil: Aimar, María Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Amalfi, José María. Instituto Nacional de Asociativismo y Economía Social; ArgentinaFil: Campos Carlés, Silvina. Confederación Intercooperativa Agropecuaria - CONINAGRO; ArgentinaFil: Charlón, Verónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Cristiano, Gabriela. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Economía; ArgentinaFil: Delbino, Fernando. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Diaz Cano, Muncha. Sociedad Rural Argentina; ArgentinaFil: Estevez Acuña, Rodrigo Rubén. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería de la Provincia de Córdoba. Departamento de Producción Láctea; ArgentinaFil: Gigli, Isabel. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Glauber, Claudio Eduardo. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA); ArgentinaFil: Guillermón, José. Provincia de Santiago del Estero. Ministerio de Producción, Recursos Naturales, Forestación y Tierras. Programa Ganadero Provincial (PROCARNE); ArgentinaFil: Ibargoyen, José María. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario. Dirección de Lechería; ArgentinaFil: Iorio, Jesica Daniela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Jaureguiberry, Horacio Sebastián. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Ministerio de Producción, Turismo y Desarrollo Económico. Dirección General de Producción Animal. Coordinación de Lechería; ArgentinaFil: Jarkowsky, Andrés. Fundación para la Promoción y Desarrollo de la Cadena Láctea Argentina; ArgentinaFil: Lesman, María de los Ángeles. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Llano, Agustina. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Lechería; ArgentinaFil: Mazzitelli, José. Cámara Empresaria de Medio Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: Moro, Santiago. Consorcios Regionales de Experimentación Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Mozeris, Gustavo. Fundación para la Promoción y Desarrollo de la Cadena Láctea Argentina; ArgentinaFIL: Negri Rodriguez, Livia María. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Olivieri, Daniela Ivana. Provincia de La Pampa. Ministerio de la Producción. Dirección de Ganadería; ArgentinaFil: Osan, Oscar. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Gabriela Guadalupe. Provincia de Santa Fé. Ministerio de Producción, Ciencia y Tecnología. Dirección Provincial de Producción Lechera y Apícola; ArgentinaFil: Preumayr, Fernando Martín. Proyecto Factor Humano en Tambo; ArgentinaFil: Serrano, Pedro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Agencia de Extensión Rural Coronel Brandsen; ArgentinaFil: Tonero, María Eugenia. Provincia de Santa Fé. Ministerio de Producción, Ciencia y Tecnología. Dirección Provincial de Producción Lechera y Apícola; ArgentinaFil: Trombert, José María. Centro de la Industria Lechera Argentina; ArgentinaFil: Trombert, José María. Colegio de Ingenieros Agrónomos de Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Troya, Paula. Fundación de Investigación y Desarrollo Agropecuario; ArgentinaFil: Urruspuru, María Luz. Proyecto Factor Humano en Tambo; ArgentinaFil: Varaldo, Estefanía. Cluster Lechero Regional; Argentin