Determining the Impact of Wind on System Costs via the Temporal Patterns of Load and Wind Generation

Wind Energy, System Costs, Alternative Energy, Electricity Generation, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q4, Q42, Q54,

Subducting slab ultra-slow velocity layer coincident with silent earthquakes in southern Mexico

Great earthquakes have repeatedly occurred on the plate interface in a few shallow-dipping subduction zones where the subducting and overriding plates are strongly locked. Silent earthquakes (or slow slip events) were recently discovered at the down-dip extension of the locked zone and interact with the earthquake cycle. Here, we show that locally observed converted SP arrivals and teleseismic underside reflections that sample the top of the subducting plate in southern Mexico reveal that the ultra-slow velocity layer (USL) varies spatially (3 to 5 kilometers, with an S-wave velocity of ~2.0 to 2.7 kilometers per second). Most slow slip patches coincide with the presence of the USL, and they are bounded by the absence of the USL. The extent of the USL delineates the zone of transitional frictional behavior

'Raising the bar' : improving the standard and utility of weed and invasive plant research

Fil: Murray, Justine V.. Water for Healthy Country Flagship; AustraliaFil: Lehnhoff, Erik A.. Montana State University; Estados UnidosFil: Neve, Paul. University of Warwick; Reino UnidoFil: Poggio, Santiago Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Webber, Bruce L.. CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences; Australia. The University of Western Australia; Australi

The Dugald River-type, shear zone hosted, Zn-Pb-Ag mineralisation, Mount Isa Inlier, Australia

The Dugald River Zn-Pb-Ag mine is situated in the Mount Isa Inlier, a globally significant base metal province. Zn-Pb deposits in the Mount Isa Inlier are stratabound with four main genetic models, including SEDEX-style, remobilised SEDEX, epigenetic and Broken Hill-type mineralisation applied to interpret their formation. We propose that the Zn-Pb-Ag mineralisation at Dugald River represents a unique, shear zone hosted deposit type that formed through a series of successive deformation events during the Paleoproterozoic Isan Orogeny that concentrated the mineralisation within the Dugald River Shear Zone during two main mineralising phases. The first phase of mineralisation occurred during regional D2 shortening, which is associated with the formation of large-scale F2 folds and a regionally penetrative S2 fabric. During this phase, progressive tightening of upright F2 folds resulted in several sets of secondary space accommodating quartz-carbonate veins that were progressively rotated into parallelism with the pervasive, steep, W-dipping S2 cleavage. The quartz-carbonate veins were coevally replaced by sulphides, which migrated to extensional sites (boudin necks and fold hinges) in tight folds. Thereby creating a sulphide-rich horizon within a developing high strain zone, which during D4 developed into the Dugald River Shear Zone. The second phase of mineralisation occurred during the regional D4 transpressional deformation event and resulted in significant metal enrichment and the current geometry of the ore bodies. The significant enrichment of the mineralisation during D4 resulted from further fold tightening within the high strain zone, which resulted in the attenuation and dismembering of folds and produced a transposed fabric (S4). The sulphide veins were transposed into parallelism with S4 forming sulphide-rich planar ore textures. Strain partitioning at the contact between the ductile deforming sulphide horizon and the brittle deforming slates resulted in the development of an anastomosing shear zone, known as the Dugald River Shear Zone. A right-handed releasing bend in the shear zone produced a dilational jog and a thick, high-grade ore body. The mobilisation of sulphides within the dilational jog involved fragmentation of sulphides and wall rock, brecciation, rotation and rolling of fragments, and the formation of durchbewegung texture

A dose-finding study of carboplatin–epirubicin–docetaxel in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer

The docetaxel–carboplatin combination is active and well tolerated in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. We added epirubicin to this combination to investigate additional benefits of anthracyclines in epithelial ovarian cancer. Twenty-one patients, FIGO Ic-IV, performance status 0–1, were treated in four dose cohorts. Docetaxel was fixed at 75 mg m−2, carboplatin doses were AUC 4–5 and epirubicin doses were 50–60 mg m−2. Drugs were given on day 1, every 3 weeks, except in cohort 3, where epirubicin was given on day 8. Dexamethasone was given prophylactically. One dose-limiting toxicity occurred in cohorts 1, 2 and 4, two occurred in cohort 3. Complicated neutropenia occurred in two patients in cohorts 1 and 2 and one patient in cohorts 3 and 4. Two patients experienced grade III diarrhoea or stomatitis in cohort 1 and two in cohort 3. There were no treatment-related deaths. Grade II sensory neuropathy occurred in one patient. No cardiac toxicity or significant oedema was observed. The overall response rate was 36%, and 62% were CA125 responders. The predefined maximum tolerated dose was exceeded in cohort 3. The cohort 4 dose level (epirubicin 50 mg m−2, carboplatin AUC 4, docetaxel 75 mg m−2), warrants further study

The Imprint of Gravitational Waves on the Cosmic Microwave Background

Long-wavelength gravitational waves can induce significant temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background. Distinguishing this from anisotropy induced by energy density fluctuations is critical for testing inflationary cosmology and theories of large-scale structure formation. We describe full radiative transport calculations of the two contributions and show that they differ dramatically at angular scales below a few degrees. We show how anisotropy experiments probing large- and small-angular scales can combine to distinguish the imprint due to gravitational waves.Comment: 11 pages, Penn Preprint-UPR-

Electroplating lithium transition metal oxides.

Materials synthesis often provides opportunities for innovation. We demonstrate a general low-temperature (260°C) molten salt electrodeposition approach to directly electroplate the important lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cathode materials LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, and Al-doped LiCoO2. The crystallinities and electrochemical capacities of the electroplated oxides are comparable to those of the powders synthesized at much higher temperatures (700° to 1000°C). This new growth method significantly broadens the scope of battery form factors and functionalities, enabling a variety of highly desirable battery properties, including high energy, high power, and unprecedented electrode flexibility

Quantifying full phenological event distributions reveals simultaneous advances, temporal stability and delays in spring and autumn migration timing in long-distance migratory birds

Acknowledgements We thank all Fair Isle Bird Observatory staff and volunteers for help with data collection and acknowledge the foresight of George Waterston and Ken Williamson in instigating the observatory and census methodology. We thank all current and previous directors of Fair Isle Bird Observatory Trust for their contributions, particularly Dave Okill and Mike Wood for their stalwart support for the long-term data collection and for the current analyses. Dawn Balmer and Ian Newton provided helpful guidance on manuscript drafts. We thank Ally Phillimore and two anonymous referees for helpful comments. This study would have been impossible without the Fair Isle community's invaluable support and patience over many decades, which is very gratefully acknowledged. WTSM and JMR designed and undertook analyses, wrote the paper and contributed to data collection and compilation, MB contributed to analysis and editing, all other authors oversaw and undertook data collection and compilation and contributed to editing.Peer reviewedPostprin

IRAS 21391+5802: The Molecular Outflow and its Exciting Source

We present centimeter and millimeter observations of gas and dust around IRAS 21391+5802, an intermediate-mass source embedded in the core of IC 1396N. Continuum observations from 3.6 cm to 1.2 mm are used to study the embedded objects and overall distribution of the dust, while molecular line observations of CO, CS, and CH3OH are used to probe the structure and chemistry of the outflows in the region. The continuum emission at centimeter and millimeter wavelengths has been resolved into three sources separated about 15 arcsec from each other, and with one of them, BIMA 2, associated with IRAS 21391+5802. The dust emission around this source shows a very extended envelope, which accounts for most of the circumstellar mass of 5.1 Msun. This source is powering a strong molecular outflow, elongated in the E--W direction, which presents a complex structure and kinematics. While at high outflow velocities the outflow is clearly bipolar, at low outflow velocities the blueshifted and redshifted emission are highly overlapping, and the strongest emission shows a V-shaped morphology. The outflow as traced by CS and CH3OH exhibits two well differentiated and clumpy lobes, with two prominent northern blueshifted and redshifted clumps. The curved shape of the clumps and the spectral shape at these positions are consistent with shocked material. In addition, CS and CH3OH are strongly enhanced toward these positions with respect to typical quiescent material abundances in other star-forming regions.Comment: 41 pages, including 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ (July 1); available at http://www.am.ub.es/~robert/Papers.html#las