Francesco Patrizi im Zeitsack: Geschichte und rhetorische Philosophie

Petrićevi dijalozi o povijesti i retorici dio su projekta teorije govora. Time Petrić prekoračuje humanističku teoriju povijesti i pokazuje njezine filozofske aporije. Povijest je pripovijest čija bit ili istina leži s onu stranu događanja i koja se istodobno manifestira u činu pripovijedanja. Vrijeme je mjerilo toga, jer dok se za povijest čini da je upućena na vrijeme, njezino pripovijedanje mora pak vrijeme upravo destruirati. Vrijeme može biti univerzalno vrijeme ili slijed događaja. Koncentriramo li se na kronologiju, povijest gubi svoj smisao; isto i ako se treba prikazati univerzalna povijest. Stoga se ispripovijedana povijest približuje priči: ona je oblik ljudskoga govora.Die Dialoge zur Historie und zur Rhetorik Francesco Patrizis gehören zu einem Projekt zur Theorie des Sprechens. Damit übersteigt Patrizi die humanistische Geschichtstheorie und zeigt ihre philosophischen Aporien. Geschichte ist Erzählung, deren Wesen oder Wahrheit jenseits des Geschehens liegt und sich zugleich im Akt des Erzahlens manifestiert. Die Zeit ist hierfür der Prüfstein, denn Geschichte scheint mit Zeit zu tun zu haben, ihre Erzählung muß aber gerade die Zeit destruieren. Zeit kann Universalzeit sein oder Folge der Ereignisse. Konzentriert man sich auf die Chronologie, verliert die Geschichte ihren Sinn ebenso wie wenn die Universalgeschichte dargestellt werden soll. Deshalb nähert sich die erzählte Geschichte der Fabel an: sie ist eine Form menschlichen Sprechens

Determinism v. Free Will & Genetic Evidence of Addiction in Plea Bargaining and Sentence Mitigation: Conversion of Incarceration to Probation and Rehabilitation Based on Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Test

In this Article, Dr. Kenneth Blum and his team present the case of a presently abstinent, thirty-five year old alcoholic (“AG”) who has several convictions for DWI. AG has undergone and continues to be engaged in out-patient substance abuse treatment. He entered treatment before adjudication and was mandated by the court to continue treatment to assist in maintaining sobriety. Treatment included the administration of the Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (“GARS”) Test. AG was facing a probable five-year sentence for his fifth DWI conviction in Bexar County, Texas. However, because AG’s genetic risk results indicated a genetically induced dopamine dysfunction, hypodopaminergia, the presiding judge sentenced AG to 5 years’ probation and continued substance abuse treatment—an exceptionally rare legal outcome for this type of offense. Most often, the fifth DWI arrest leads to a custodial prison sentence for the offender. We are cognizant that probands could use the relative idea of “determinism” vs. “free–will” as an excuse to use alcohol, but this is both unacceptable and unlikely. Defendants involved in a court proceeding for DWI have good reason to seek treatment for their genetically determined severe AUD. Here, the GARS test result and the individualized long-term treatment influenced by the GARS test results was a mitigating factor in sentencing. To our knowledge, this is a noteworthy legal precedent that utilizes genetic information to advocate for rehabilitation instead of incarceration in SUD cases, especially for individuals with multiple DWI convictions. Courts fundamentally want to help people—society as a whole, victims, and accused offenders. The use of the GARS test to identify issues and plan for the rehabilitation of accused offenders gives courts a valuable tool in their adjudicatory repertoire and advances their ability to resolve cases effectively

Roles of DnaK and RpoS in Starvation-Induced Thermotolerance of \u3ci\u3eEscherichia coli\u3c/i\u3e

DnaK is essential for starvation-induced resistance to heat, oxidation, and reductive division in Escherichia coli. Studies reported here indicate that DnaK is also required for starvation-induced osmotolerance, catalase activity, and the production of the RpoS-controlled Dps (PexB) protein. Because these dnaK mutant phenotypes closely resemble those of rpoS (o38) mutants, the relationship between DnaK and RpoS was evaluated directly during growth and starvation at 30°C in strains with genetically altered DnaK content. A starvation-specific effect of DnaK on RpoS abundance was observed. During carbon starvation, DnaK deficiency reduced RpoS levels threefold, while DnaK excess increased RpoS levels nearly twofold. Complementation of the dnaK mutation restored starvation-induced RpoS levels to normal. RpoS deficiency had no effect on the cellular concentration of DnaK, revealing an epistatic relationship between DnaK and RpoS. Protein half-life studies conducted at the onset of starvation indicate that DnaK deficiency significantly destabilized RpoS. RpoH (s32) suppressors of the dnaK mutant with restored levels of RpoS and dnaK rpoS double mutants were used to show that DnaK plays both an independent and an RpoS-dependent role in starvation-induced thermotolerance. The results suggest that DnaK coordinates sigma factor levels in glucose-starved E. coli

Accumulation of heavy metals in food web components across a gradient of lakes

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109770/1/lno20004571525.pd