Effect of Tin Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Aluminium Bronze Alloyed with 4% Nickel

The current study investigates the impact of adding tin to aluminium bronze alloyed with 4% nickel on its microstructure and mechanical properties. Sand casting was chosen as the most cost-effective and efficient method of preparing the aluminium bronze alloy. Following their melting points, six distinct samples of aluminium bronze alloyed with 0% to 10% tin were added into the crucible furnace. Nickel with the highest melting point of 1453°C was added into the crucible furnace first, while tin with the lowest melting of 231.9°C was added last into the crucible furnace. The alloying components were mixed well by manually mixing the liquid for around five minutes. After sand casting, the specimens were machined, sectioned, and grounded then tests were carried out to measure their hardness, tensile strength, and impact resistance. The results of the tests indicate that the tensile strength first increases and subsequently declines as the tin addition increases. The hardness of the aluminium bronze alloy increases as the proportion of tin addition increases. The results of the investigations also demonstrate that as the hardness of the specimens increases, their impact resistance decreases and the tensile stress of each specimen increases with strain.&nbsp

Design and Construction of Fuelless AC Generator Using Alternator Interfaced With an Inverter

AC Generators are useful appliances that supply electrical power during a power outage from national grid and prevent discontinuity of daily activities or disruption of business operations. Generators are available in different electrical and physical configurations for use in different applications. This work develops a design, Construction and Characterize fuelless AC Generator that generates electrical energy from an alternator interfaced with an inverter. The prime mover is DC electric motor which was connected to the alternator armature shaft. The DC electric motor was powered by rechargeable 24V/75Ah battery, and as it rotates it provides energy to the alternator resulting in generation of AC voltage. Part of the output voltage was rectified to provide 12V for recharging of the battery for it not to be drained. The other part was connected to which was connected to an inverter to provide 220V to the output circuit breaker for the utility load. A control panel was also in cooperated for monitoring and regulation for output voltage. The results were obtained using multi-meter to read the output voltage at different load conditions and also measure the voltage output from different components of the control circuit. This gave stable 220V output voltage which was connected to load

Transition to Turbulence of a Laminar Flow Accelerated to a Statistically Steady Turbulent Flow

This current study investigates the turbulence response in a flow accelerated from laminar to a statistically steady turbulent flow utilising Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Constant Temperature Anemometry (CTA). The dimensions of the rectangular flow facility are 8 m in length, 0.35 m in width, and 0.05 m in height. The flow is increased via the pneumatic control valve from a laminar to a statistically steady turbulent flow, and the laminar-turbulent transition is examined. As the flow accelerates to turbulent from laminar, the friction coefficient increases quickly and approaches its maximum value within a short period. As a result, a boundary layer forms extremely near to the wall, increasing the velocity gradient and viscous force. The friction coefficient and viscous force decrease with increasing boundary layer thickness, and transition occurs as a result of instability of the boundary layer. The friction coefficient is used to specify the beginning and end of the transition. The transition starts when the friction coefficient reaches its minimal value. It increases again, and its maximum value marks the end of the transition to turbulence. The study shows that three stages lead to turbulence near the wall when the flow is accelerated from laminar to turbulent. These phases are similar to the transient turbulent flow reported. The reaction of mean velocity as laminar flow is accelerated to turbulent flow is investigated. The mean velocity behaves like a "plug flow" when the flow accelerates from laminar to turbulent, meaning that everywhere in the flow zone, except for the position extremely near the wall, the flow behaves like a solid body. The changes in the channel flow that accelerates from a laminar to a turbulent condition are presented, together with the turbulence statistics, wall shear stress, bulk velocity, and friction coefficient. Like the boundary layer bypass transition and transient turbulent flows, the transition to turbulence follows a similar process

Thermo-Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Characterization of Welded Steel Plates

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> The study focused on thermo-mechanical properties of steel weld. A mild steel stock selected from the SAE10XX class was used to fabricate four pairs of rectangular plates, each measuring 200 mm × 100 mm × 6 mm. Mechanical tests were conducted on the welded samples and their microstructures analysed using scanning electron microscope. The results suggest that a good combination of the operational variables guarantees stable welding operation which in turn assists in achieving a quality welded joint. Hence, from the results it is recommended that maintaining low but sufficient high welding power helps to minimize excessive temperature rise in the base metal and improves stress distribution along the welding line, which in turn mitigates degradation of mechanical properties. The result also showed that a coarse structure is formed in the fusion zone while fine structure is formed in the heat affected region.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Steel, Weld joint, Mechanical properties, Heat transfer, Welding parameters, Thermal analysis, Temperature distribution.</p><p><strong>Title:</strong> Thermo-Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Characterization of Welded Steel Plates</p><p><strong>Author:</strong> Okolie Paul Chukwulozie, Chidume Nnamdi Nwambu, Obiora Nnaemeka Ezenwa, Okolie Uchenna Onyebuchi, Chikelue Edward Ochiagha</p><p><strong>International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science</strong></p><p><strong>ISSN 2394-7349</strong></p><p><strong>Vol. 10, Issue 2, September 2023 - February 2024</strong></p><p><strong>Page No: 60-64</strong></p><p><strong>Novelty Journals</strong></p><p><strong>Website: www.noveltyjournals.com</strong></p><p><strong>Published Date: 13-November-2023</strong></p><p><strong>DOI: </strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10118218"><strong>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10118218</strong></a></p><p><strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Thermo-Mechanical%20Properties-13112023-3.pdf"><strong>https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Thermo-Mechanical%20Properties-13112023-3.pdf</strong></a></p&gt

Optimization of Processing Data Time for Stephens Bread Industries Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Abstract-This research work is aimed at modeling production processes in bread industries using linear programming model as optimization model in a given bread industry (Stephens Bread) for effective and efficient production. The L.P model was deduced to be the best optimization model to be used in any bread industry since the model analytically gives a simultaneous result of profit maximization and cost minimization. Specifically, a designed simulator in a MATLAB and Graphical Users Integrated Development Environment (GUIDE) windows (BREADPROD) that are capable of detecting the exact quantity of bread to be produced and the optimization level to maintain in any bread industry was developed. The simulator was subjected to various initial input conditions in bread production processes which include mixing, matching, moulding and baking processes with three (3) different sizes of bread loaves: the giant, the long and small loaves with reference to non-basic variables -x 1 , x 2 , x 3 respectively. BREADPROD, the designed simulator, equally shows how realistic or unrealistic bread production could be. The application of L.P model which agreed with the designed BREADPROD simulator gave different profits for the two bread industries in this study while the optimum recommended production gave a higher profit of over one hundred percent when compared with that of Stephens Bread industries. The result of the proposed production mix used gave a production mix of 202 giant loaves, 102 long loaves and 92 small loaves representing 51%, 26% and 23% of the total production respectively as against the production mix for Stephens Bread, which gave 115 giant loaves, 40 long loaves and 110 small loaves. The giant loaf, long loaf and small loaf are 43%, 42% and 15% of the total production respectively

Design and Fabrication of a Mass Balancing Machine

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This work is aimed at producing a mass balancing laboratory apparatus that will serve for the demonstration of the principle of balancing of rotating masses which is a fundamental part of the study of Theory of Machines in engineering. The machine was constructed with the locally available materials and fabrication methods, and consists of a shaft, a pair of bearings, metal sheets, springs, dampers, a 0.25KW one phase motor, set of detachable balance mass blocks and a transparent safety dome to cover the moving components. The dome prevents them from harming users especially if failure occurs. ANSYS simulation tests results showed that they were within acceptable stress limits. The study established that locally sourced materials could be used to produce excellent Mass Balancing Machine at a low production cost.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Static Balance, Dynamic Balance, Imbalance, Laboratory Apparatus. </p><p><strong>Title:</strong> Design and Fabrication of a Mass Balancing Machine</p><p><strong>Author:</strong> Okolie Paul Chukwulozie, Enyi Chukwudi Louis, Oluwadare Benjamin Segun, Chikelue Edward Ochiagha</p><p><strong>International Journal of Novel Research in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering</strong></p><p><strong>ISSN 2394-9678</strong></p><p><strong>Vol. 11, Issue 1, September 2023 - August 2024</strong></p><p><strong>Page No: 35-46</strong></p><p><strong>Novelty Journals</strong></p><p><strong>Website: www.noveltyjournals.com</strong></p><p><strong>Published Date: 13-November-2023</strong></p><p><strong>DOI: </strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10118401"><strong>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10118401</strong></a></p><p><strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Design%20and%20Fabrication%20of%20a%20Mass%20Balancing%20Machine-13112023-6.pdf"><strong>https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Design%20and%20Fabrication%20of%20a%20Mass%20Balancing%20Machine-13112023-6.pdf</strong></a></p&gt

Modeling and simulation of belt bucket elevator head shaft for safe life operation

Abstract This research paper presents a step by step conceptual design and life prediction approach for the design, modeling and simulation of head shaft of a belt bucket elevator, to be used for conveying grains to a height of 33.5 m and at the rate of 200 tons/h. output. For this elevator system, the force and torque acting on the head shaft as well as the bending moment were calculated. Furthermore, the diameter of each cross section of the shaft was determined taking into consideration the geometric and fatigue stress concentration factors, due to shoulders which contribute significantly to most fatigue failures of shafts. The stress induced on the shaft by the force and the factor of safety for each cross section of the shaft was calculated using the DE-Goodman criterion. The model of the shaft was created from the calculated diameters and subjected to static and fatigue analysis using SolidWorks FEA. The results were validated by comparing the values from the FEA and the calculated values for stress and factor of safety of the critical section of the shaft, which showed an equivalent value. The FEA gave a fatigue load factor greater than one, which signifies that the shaft will not go into failure mode within the infinite life cycle of the shaft. The value of the fatigue strength obtained from FEA was higher than the value for the maximum von misses stress of the shaft, this result shows that the head shaft will sustain the loading stresses over a finite life prediction. This research is significant because the stress induced forces on the head shaft from each component of the elevator system were properly identified and analyzed so as to obtain precise results for life prediction