The Problen of the Apparent Conflict Between Paul and James

The problem of the exposition of justification is not, however, the only point on which the Epistle of James and the works of Paul are said to vary. Other difficulties that have been cited include the apostles\u27 supposedly varying concepts of sin, their description of God, and the lack of emphasis regarding Christ in the epistle James wrote as compared to the Christ-centered exposition of doctrine penned by Paul. On these points, as we shall find in this thesis, the difference lies not so much in the words that are expressed by the apostles, but rather in the scope of the writings of Paul as compared with James. Differences of belief and differences in theology between the two are unjustly adduced from what is left unsaid

Imperial fascism : ideology, practice, and transmission in the Mediterranean, 1934-1943

This study seeks to explore the nature of imperial fascism, particularly those projects carried out by Italian and French fascists and authoritarians in North Africa from 1934 to 1943. In the wake of world war and a worldwide depression, these fascists were mindful of the limitations of the territorial nation-state, and believed that imperial structures would have to be created and maintained in order to protect the sovereignty of their nations. A shared set of ideas about the past and future of the Mediterranean provided French and Italian rightists an ideological opportunity to cooperate, but geopolitical differences and national egoism ensured that each would go their own way. With the failure of the so-called “Latin union”, both the French and Italian rightists sought to convince North Africans that only the far-right could bring about modernity while protecting Islam from secularism and communist atheism. While most North Africans rejected the fascist advances, some responded positively for a variety of reasons, though generally in ways that failed to correspond to the fascist visions of a new geopolitical order. In a bid to show their respect for Islam, fascists also employed several strategies to govern North African Muslims; foremost of these were the attempts to integrate the elites into youth organizations and a greater involvement in supporting Islamic practices in ways that depoliticized religion and linked it to the state. The governing techniques, despite attenuating some critiques of colonialism, did little to stem the growing desire for independence. Furthermore, the fascist rejection of liberal norms and values was unacceptable to most North Africans who hoped to either greatly reform colonial structures or to gain self-determination. Though French and Italians failed to legitimize their imperial projects, studying their attempts highlights the various ways in which fascists adjusted their ideas and practices in order to carry out transnational and imperial politics.Histor

Development of three-dimensional finite element software for curved plate girder and tub girder bridges during construction

Because of its ability to be easily shaped, steel is an attractive material for curved girders. Plate girder and tub girder bridges, for example, are often the preferred solution for direct connectors in highway networks. This flexibility in fabrication, however, presents challenges for structural engineers because of the difficulties associated with accounting for combined bending and torsion with curved geometry. The potential presence of skewed supports is a further source of complexity. In fact, no commercial structural engineering program currently addresses the evaluation of plate girder and tub girder bridges while modeling them to the full extent of their three-dimensional configuration. Most engineers, for example, use a two-dimensional bridge representation, which is often accurate for typical design of a complete bridge but may also be unconservative in many cases. The few programs that allow a full three-dimensional representation require extensive knowledge of finite element theory as well as significant time to model any complex structure. This dissertation presents the assumptions, methodology and calculations involved in the programming of a new structural engineering program designed to assess the behavior and stability or curved plate girder and tub girder bridges during erection or deck placement. It then illustrates the capabilities of the program for various structural systems subjected to a variety of loads, from self-weight to wind and temperature loads. In addition to a linear elastic analysis, multiple types of analysis are offered to the engineer: a geometrically nonlinear analysis provides a more accurate behavior for flexible systems, a linearized buckling analysis yields an upper bound evaluation of the stability of the structure, while a modal dynamic analysis estimates the free vibration modes of that structure.Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineerin

Doping dependence of heat transport in the iron-arsenide superconductor Ba(Fe1−x_{1-x}Cox_x)2_2As2_2: from isotropic to strongly kk-dependent gap structure

The temperature and magnetic field dependence of the in-plane thermal conductivity $\kappa$ of the iron-arsenide superconductor Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_2$As$_2$ was measured down to $T \simeq 50$ mK and up to $H = 15$ T as a function of Co concentration $x$ in the range 0.048 $\leq x \leq$ 0.114. In zero magnetic field, a negligible residual linear term in $\kappa/T$ as $T \to 0$ at all $x$ shows that there are no zero-energy quasiparticles and hence the superconducting gap has no nodes in the $ab$-plane anywhere in the phase diagram. However, the field dependence of $\kappa$ reveals a systematic evolution of the superconducting gap with doping $x$, from large everywhere on the Fermi surface in the underdoped regime, as evidenced by a flat $\kappa (H)$ at $T \to 0$, to strongly $k$-dependent in the overdoped regime, where a small magnetic field can induce a large residual linear term, indicative of a deep minimum in the gap magnitude somewhere on the Fermi surface. This shows that the superconducting gap structure has a strongly $k$-dependent amplitude around the Fermi surface only outside the antiferromagnetic/orthorhombic phase.Comment: version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters; new title, minor revision, revised fig.1, and updated reference

Analytical model for tracer dispersion in porous media

In this work, we present a novel analytical model for tracer dispersion in laminar flow through porous media. Based on a straightforward physical argument, it describes the generic behavior of dispersion over a wide range of Peclet numbers (exceeding 8 orders of magnitude). In particular, the model accurately captures the intermediate scaling behavior of longitudinal dispersion, obviating the need to subdivide the dispersional behavior into a number of disjunct regimes or using empirical power law expressions. The analysis also reveals the existence of a new material property, the critical Peclet number, which reflects the mesoscale geometric properties of the microscopic pore structure.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

SYSBIONS: nested sampling for systems biology.

MOTIVATION: Model selection is a fundamental part of the scientific process in systems biology. Given a set of competing hypotheses, we routinely wish to choose the one that best explains the observed data. In the Bayesian framework, models are compared via Bayes factors (the ratio of evidences), where a model's evidence is the support given to the model by the data. A parallel interest is inferring the distribution of the parameters that define a model. Nested sampling is a method for the computation of a model's evidence and the generation of samples from the posterior parameter distribution. RESULTS: We present a C-based, GPU-accelerated implementation of nested sampling that is designed for biological applications. The algorithm follows a standard routine with optional extensions and additional features. We provide a number of methods for sampling from the prior subject to a likelihood constraint. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The software SYSBIONS is available from http://www.theosysbio.bio.ic.ac.uk/resources/sysbions/ CONTACT: [email protected], [email protected]

A graph theoretical approach to data fusion.

The rapid development of high throughput experimental techniques has resulted in a growing diversity of genomic datasets being produced and requiring analysis. Therefore, it is increasingly being recognized that we can gain deeper understanding about underlying biology by combining the insights obtained from multiple, diverse datasets. Thus we propose a novel scalable computational approach to unsupervised data fusion. Our technique exploits network representations of the data to identify similarities among the datasets. We may work within the Bayesian formalism, using Bayesian nonparametric approaches to model each dataset; or (for fast, approximate, and massive scale data fusion) can naturally switch to more heuristic modeling techniques. An advantage of the proposed approach is that each dataset can initially be modeled independently (in parallel), before applying a fast post-processing step to perform data integration. This allows us to incorporate new experimental data in an online fashion, without having to rerun all of the analysis. We first demonstrate the applicability of our tool on artificial data, and then on examples from the literature, which include yeast cell cycle, breast cancer and sporadic inclusion body myositis datasets

Topological sensitivity analysis for systems biology.

Mathematical models of natural systems are abstractions of much more complicated processes. Developing informative and realistic models of such systems typically involves suitable statistical inference methods, domain expertise, and a modicum of luck. Except for cases where physical principles provide sufficient guidance, it will also be generally possible to come up with a large number of potential models that are compatible with a given natural system and any finite amount of data generated from experiments on that system. Here we develop a computational framework to systematically evaluate potentially vast sets of candidate differential equation models in light of experimental and prior knowledge about biological systems. This topological sensitivity analysis enables us to evaluate quantitatively the dependence of model inferences and predictions on the assumed model structures. Failure to consider the impact of structural uncertainty introduces biases into the analysis and potentially gives rise to misleading conclusions