Predictors of self-management in patients with chronic low back pain: a longitudinal cohort study protocol

Studies on self-management (SM) support programmes in chronic low back pain (CLBP) have failed to show clinically meaningful treatment benefit, which potentially highlights lack of research on predictors of effective SM. The purpose of this multi-centre non-experimental longitudinal cohort study is to identify the predictors of SM and its change over time in community ambulant adults (18-65 years) who are attending or have recently attended outpatient physiotherapy for their CLBP (approx. n=400). Self-reported validated measures for SM, pain intensity, disability, physical activity level, kinesiophobia, catastrophising, depression and global impression of change will be recorded at baseline and six-months. Descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression will be employed for the primary data analyses. This study protocol has ethical approval and is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT02636777). Study results will inform patient selection for SM support in CLBP, and the development of tailored and targeted SM support programmes for this patient group

A novel compound β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside isolated from Azadirachta indica effectively induces apoptosis in leukemic cells by targeting G0/G1 populations

Azadirachta indica, popularly known as ‘Neem’, is a very important plant in the Ayurveda system of medicine. It is known toprevent about 40 types of diseases in home-practice. A previous report showed that the methanolic extract of this plant can effectively control the proliferation of leukemia cells. Therefore, this research focuses on searching for a new molecule with potent anti-leukemic property. Ethanolic extract was prepared from the dried leaves. Four bio-molecules were isolated viz. rutin, isoquercetin, quercetrin and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside from the ethanolic extract by repeated column chromatography and HPLC. Quercetrin structures of the isolated molecules were confirmed by Mass, 1HNMR, 13C NMR spectra analysis. MTT assay revealed that β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucosideeffectively reduced the proliferation of MOLT 4 leukemic cells in a dose and time dependent manner. DAPI staining with confocal microscopy indicated that β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside efficiently induced nuclear DNA fragmentation in MOLT 4 cells. Finally, flow cytometry after PI staining showed that the compound has potential to check the cell cycle progression at sub G1 phase. In summary, we can conclude that β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside has potential to be good therapeutic drug in leukemia treatment in future

A novel compound β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside isolated from Azadirachta indica effectively induces apoptosis in leukemic cells by targeting G0/G1 populations

27-32Azadirachta indica, popularly known as ‘Neem’, is an important plant in the Ayurveda system of medicine. It is known to prevent about at least 40 types of diseases in home-practice. A previous report showed that the methanolic extract of this plant can effectively control proliferation of leukemia cells. Here, we explored the eEthanolic extract dried neem leaves for a new molecule with potent anti-leukemic property.Four biomolecules were isolated viz. rutin, isoquercetin, quercetrin and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside from the ethanolic extract by repeated column chromatography and HPLC.Quercetrin structures of the isolated molecules were confirmed by Mass, 1HNMR, 13C NMR spectra analysis. MTT assay revealed that β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside effectively reduced the proliferation of MOLT 4 leukemic cells in a dose and time dependent manner. DAPI staining with confocal microscopy indicated that β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside efficiently induced nuclear DNA fragmentation in MOLT 4 cells. Finally, flow cytometry after PI staining showed that the compound has potential to check the cell cycle progression at sub G1 phase. With the available results, it can be concluded that β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside has potential to be good therapeutic drug in leukemia treatment

Observational constraints on the Emergent Universe with interacting non-linear fluids and its stability analysis

We investigate a flat Emergent Universe (EU) with a nonlinear equation of state which is equivalent to three different compositions of fluids. In the EU, initially, the evolution of the universe began with no interaction, but as time evolves, an interaction sets in among the three fluids leading to the observed universe. The characteristic of an EU is that it is a singularity-free universe that evolves with all the basic features of the early evolution. A given nonlinear equation of state parameter permits a universe with three different fluids. We get a universe with dark energy, cosmic string, and radiation domination to begin with, which at a later epoch transits into a universe with three different fluids with matter domination, dark matter, and dark energy for a given interaction strength among the cosmic fluids. Later the model parameters are constrained using the observed Hubble data and Type Ia Supernova (SnIa) data from the Pantheon data set. The classical stability analysis of the model is performed using the square speed of sound. It is found that a theoretically stable cosmological model can be obtained in this case, however, the model becomes classically unstable at the present epoch when the observational bounds on the model parameters are taken into account.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure