Religious and Secular Knowledge on the Draft in Israel

This research seeks to understand religious and secular knowledge on the question of military draft in Israel within the Jewish population. With recent legal changes in conscription policy, there has been much controversy over the role of Haredim [ultra-Orthodox] in the army. Drawing on feminist standpoint theory, this study uses thematic analysis of a qualitative (open-ended) online survey to examine what Jewish Israelis of different religious orienta- tions think and know about the draft issues as well as how they legitimize their ideas. In analyzing Jewish Israeli knowledge, this research draws on the historical, philosophical division as well as the contemporary religious-secular divide in Israel to contextualize the responses of participants. The research aims to foster a greater understanding of the complexity within and between epistemological communities, and within Jewish Israeli knowledge on the draft specifically

Usklađenost procjene na Braden ljestvici s planiranim intervencijama vezanim uz prevenciju nastanka dekubitusa

Introduction: The Braden scale is a tried and tested pressure ulcer risk assessment scale. It is part of nursing documentation in the Republic of Croatia and is used in all hospitals as a tool for pressure ulcer risk assessment. By using the Braden scale, nurses can determine which interventions should be performed to prevent pressure ulcers. Aim: A prospective study was conducted in the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit during one month, with the goal of determining the harmonization level between the Braden scale assessment and the planned interventions for the nursing diagnosis of “high risk of pressure ulcers”. The aim was also to determine if the Braden scale assessment is used for all admitted patients, if the Braden scale assessment is used daily for all patients and if nursing care plans are made for patients who have a risk of pressure ulcer development. Methods: A form was created for the purpose of conducting this study. The form contains patient data on sex, admission and discharge dates, as well as data regarding the Braden scale assessment at the moment of admission, during the stay in the ICU and at discharge. Results: The study included 23 patients. 20 patients had pressure ulcer risk as assessed by the Braden scale. For 8 patients, a nursing care plan for “high risk of pressure ulcers” was written and interventions were conducted that showed very good harmonization with the parameters of the Braden scale. Conclusion: Although the Braden scale is a pressure ulcer risk assessment tool, the study shows broader application possibilities. This refers to the possibility of using the parameters of the Braden scale as guidance for choosing interventions.Uvod. Bradenova ljestvica dokazano je pouzdana ljestvica za procjenu rizika za nastanak dekubitusa. Sastavni je dio sestrinske dokumentacije u Republici Hrvatskoj i upotrebljava se u svim bolničkim zdravstvenim ustanovama kao alat kojim procjenjujemo rizik za nastanak dekubitusa. Medicinske sestre koristeći se Bradenovom ljestvicom mogu utvrditi koje intervencije moraju provoditi u svrhu prevencije dekubitusa. Cilj. Prospektivno praćenje provedeno je na odjelu pulmološke intenzivne skrbi Klinike za plućne bolesti Jordanovac, Zagreb tijekom mjesec dana. Ciljevi su bili: utvrditi usklađenost procjene na Bradenovoj ljestvici s planiranim intervencijama sestrinske dijagnoze visokog rizika za nastanak dekubitusa, utvrditi procjenjuje li se kod svih primljenih pacijenata Bradenova ljestvica, utvrditi procjenjuje li se Bradenova ljestvica svakodnevno za sve pacijente te izrađuju li se planovi zdravstvene njege za pacijente koji imaju rizik za nastanak dekubitusa. Metode. Izrađen je obrazac u svrhu ovog praćenja u koji su upisivani podaci o spolu, datumu prijema i datumu otpusta te podaci povezani s procjenom po Bradenovoj ljestvici prilikom prijema, tijekom boravka na odjelu te prilikom otpusta. Rezultati. U praćenom periodu ležalo je 23 pacijenta. Njih 20 imalo je rizik za nastanak dekubitusa, procijenjen po Bradenovoj ljestvici. Za osam pacijenata napisan je plan zdravstvene njege „Visok rizik za nastanak dekubitusa” te su provođene intervencije koje pokazuju dobru usklađenost s parametrima Bradenove ljestvice. Zaključak. Iako je Bradenova ljestvica alat za procjenu rizika za nastanak dekubitusa, praćenje pokazuje mogućnosti veće primjene. To se odnosi na mogućnosti primjene parametara Bradenove ljestvice kao vodiča za odabir intervencija

The Transcriptional Landscape of Marek’s Disease Virus in Primary Chicken B Cells Reveals Novel Splice Variants and Genes

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that infects chickens and poses a serious threat to poultry health. In infected animals, MDV efficiently replicates in B cells in various lymphoid organs. Despite many years of research, the viral transcriptome in primary target cells of MDV remained unknown. In this study, we uncovered the transcriptional landscape of the very virulent RB1B strain and the attenuated CVI988/Rispens vaccine strain in primary chicken B cells using high-throughput RNA-sequencing. Our data confirmed the expression of known genes, but also identified a novel spliced MDV gene in the unique short region of the genome. Furthermore, de novo transcriptome assembly revealed extensive splicing of viral genes resulting in coding and non-coding RNA transcripts. A novel splicing isoform of MDV UL15 could also be confirmed by mass spectrometry and RT-PCR. In addition, we could demonstrate that the associated transcriptional motifs are highly conserved and closely resembled those of the host transcriptional machinery. Taken together, our data allow a comprehensive re-annotation of the MDV genome with novel genes and splice variants that could be targeted in further research on MDV replication and tumorigenesis

FROM PROTECTIONISM TO ACCESS: WOMEN & PARTICIPATION IN CLINICAL TRIALS - CONFLICT, CONTROVERSY, AND CHANGE

There is a general perception that biomedical research has not given the same attention to the health problems of women that it has given to those of men, and that women may not have benefited from advances in medical diagnosis and therapy because of their lower rates of participation in clinical studies. This paper explores the historical exclusion of women of childbearing potential from clinical trials and the changes in policy and regulations that have occurred. The recent shift from protectionist policies toward policies of access and inclusion remains controversial. Arguments and rationales for and against including women in clinical trials are described, and the empirical evidence of women’s participation in these trials is analyzed. It appears that the current regulatory system, supported by federal policy, promotes the inclusion of women in clinical trials, and the results of empirical studies indicate that women are in fact being included. The benefits of inclusion, balanced against the increased cost of including women, reveal that the added cost of inclusion and subgroup differences analysis may jeopardize the long-term goals of improving scientific knowledge and understanding the health problems of all peoples. Alternatives to clinical trials are discussed as a means of producing similar information at lower cost. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the need to change the popular perception that women are being neglected by clinical research to their detriment, rather than changing the existing policy and regulatory system regarding their inclusion in clinical trials