The assessment of the relationship between the traits of temporal muscle and the massiveness of the supraorbital region of the Homo sapiens crania including the influence of the neurocranial shape and size of the occlusal surface of the upper molars – preliminary study

The knowledge about the pattern of the relationship between the morphological variability of the supraorbital region of human skulls and the features of the temporal muscle is far from complete. The main aim of this study was to determine the relationships between the traits of human temporal muscle (i.e., its relative height and length) and the relative massiveness of the supraorbital region of the frontal bone with taking into account the potential influence of the neurocranial shape and the relative area of the occlusal surface of the upper molars.Skulls of African and Australian males (n = 44) exhibiting high variability in the massiveness of the supraorbital region, the presence of two types of the upper molars (first and second, n = 88) and a good state of the preservation of the braincase with the clearly visible inferior temporal line were examined.The qualitative scales were used to assess the degrees of the massiveness of the supraorbital regions. Metric traits of temporal muscle and that used to calculate the index of the neurocranial shape, size of the braincase and the facial skeleton were collected. Values of the occlusal areas of the molars were obtained using the ImageJ software.Spearman’s rank correlation and partial rank correlation analyses were performed.The results of our study showed the relationships between the traits of the temporal muscle and only the degree of the robusticity of most lateral part of the supraorbital area (trigonum). However, when the influences of the neurocranial shape and the relative occlusal area of molars were excluded, these relationships disappeared. The greatest importance of the neurocranial shape for the formation of the morphology of the trigonum was indicated. The results of the study were discussed from the perspective of the potential role of the temporal muscle as the part of the mastication apparatus for the development of the robusticity of the cranial supraorbital region

Recommendations of procedures to follow in the case of ovarian lesions in girls

This study presents current recommendations of the Polish Association of Pediatric Surgeons (PTChD) regarding diagnostics and treatment of ovarian lesions in girls. They are based on many years of the authors’ clinical experience as well as a review of international literature and include practical clinical guidelines. The recommendations were formulated in cooperation with the Polish Association of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (PTOHD), Polish Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Section of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (PTG) and Polish Pediatric Section of the Polish Society of Radiology (PLTR). Only better understanding of prepubertal ovarian biology and natural history of its pathology may help to introduce efficient and safe diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for girls. The prepared document has been supplemented with treatment algorithms.

Application of the apparent diffusion coefficient in magnetic resonance imaging in an assessment of the early response to treatment in Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma : pilot study

Purpose: Lymphoproliferative neoplasms are the largest and most frequently diagnosed entities in the group of haematological malignancies. The aim of the study was to assess whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measured on the first day of the second cycle of chemotherapy could be a predictor of prognosis and of the final treatment's outcome. Material and methods: The study included 27 patients with diagnosed Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, who had magnetic resonance (MR) performed with diffusion weighted imaging/apparent diffusion coefficient (DWI/ADC) before and on the first day of the second cycle of chemotherapy. Imaging was performed using a 1.5 T MR scanner. ADC was measured in lymphoma infiltration in the area of the lowest signal in the ADC map and the highest signal on b 800 images in post-treatment study. After that, the corresponding area was determined in a pre-treatment study and an ADC value was measured. Results: The difference between ADC values in pre-treatment (ADC = 720 mm2/s) and post-treatment (ADC = 1059 mm2/s) studies was statistically significant (p 752 mm2/s before treatment manifested lower probability of progression than patients with ADC < 752 mm2/s. Conclusions: ADC measurement's before treatment and on the first day of the second cycle of chemotherapy can be used as a prognostic marker in lymphoma therapy. ADC values lower than 1080 mm2/s and an increase of the ratio after the treatment can be considered as a marker of disease progression

Assessment of the prevalence of taking psychoactive substances in secondary school students from the Silesia region

Background: The aim of the study was to scrutinize the scale of a current problem of psychoactive substances taking by adolescents aged 13–16, including the level of their knowledge of that subject. The results obtained can help to create an educational program targeted at decreasing the number of students using drugs. Material and methods: The study was performed on a group of 197 secondary school students in 2013 with the use of selfdeveloped query based on ESPAD (The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs) questionnaire. Results: 25% of the students showed their curiosity in trying some psychoactive substances, if those were legal. 19% declared that they already have had a contact with drugs. Teenagers are worried about the possible reaction of their parents and legal consequences of the use of psychoactive substances. At least every tenth of the respondents have had an opportunity to try marihuana. Conclusions: Despite the low average age the group of respondents has had contact with psychoactive substances. Every third person has been offered psychoactive substances. At least 40% of teenagers know about the possible ways where to take the drugs from. The outcome of the study is quite alarming because it shows a considerable interest in common drugs, as well as in some OTC medicaments

Forecasting the Fatigue Strength of DC01 Cold-Formed Angles Using the Anisotropic Barlat Model

The objective of this work is to present the numerical simulation of the air-bending process of DC01 steel. There are plenty of works concerned with assessing the springback phenomenon in the bending process also using anisotropic material models (Hill’s model is widely used). However, very few recent publications are concerned about the fatigue life assessment of bent products. As ensuring the proper fatigue resistance of products is vital for increasing safety and widening the service intervals there is certainly a need to perform investigations in this field. In this work, the air bending simulation of anisotropic DC01 steel with the usage of Barlat’s plastic anisotropy model was presented. Together with springback analysis and the equivalent plastic strain cumulation during incremental bending. Strain cumulation is believed to be an important factor in predicting fatigue life. It was shown that the strain development rate depends on the bending process parameters, especially from the bending line orientation to the sheet rolling direction

Modeling and numerical analysis of the process of punching aluminum sheets taking into account punch wear

The paper presents a modeling and analysis algorithm as well as the results of simulation tests with the use of FEM of a process of punching aluminum sheets used for casings. In industrial practice, the difficulty lies in the correct selection of punching clearance. In order to predict the effect of clearance on the quality of the edge cut, a numerical model was developed taking into account the geometric and physical nonlinearity with damage. The model makes it possible to simulate all the phases of the cutting process, including the fracture phase, which is of key importance to the formation of the workpiece edge. A new approach of creating a real geometry of the punch edge was presented. The geometries developed take into account the most common defects of the punch cut edges. Owing to this, it is possible to predict the course of the proces depending on the type and degree of the wear of the cutting edges of the punch. The results obtained showed that for clearances below the value of a = 0.16 mm, the crack has the shape of a straight line. Clearance values a = 0.16 mm and below allow one to obtain a perpendicular shear area and a considerable width of the smooth cutting zone. As the clearance increases, the width of the cutting zone decreases. Punch wear significantly reduces the smooth zone and it increases perpendicular deviation of cut surface

Analiza porównawcza ilości wydychanego tlenku węgla jako wskaźnika palenia tytoniu wśród wybranych studentów uczelni we Wrocławiu

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the amount of exhaled carbon monoxide which can be an indicator of the phenomenon of tobacco smoking among youngsters in a group of students of Wroclaw’s universities. Materials and methods: The study was performed on 347 students living in dormitories of four Wroclaw universities: Wroclaw Medical University, University of Wroclaw, University of Physical Education and Technical University. Every tested student underwent a measurement of quantities of exhaled carbon monoxide by a Micro Medical Smoke Check device. Every participant took part in an anonymous survey, which was divided into three parts (for smokers/non-smokers/ex-smokers) and included exposure to tobacco smoke, length of time smoking etc. Results: No difference in the amount of exhaled CO between students of particular universities was observed. The Smoke Check measurements are higher in actively smoking students compared to nonsmokers. The results are higher in students declaring passive smoking compared with those not exposed to tobacco smoke at all. No difference in level of CO between genders and particular age groups was observed. Conclusions: Despite higher health awareness, students of the Medical University and University of Physical Education reach for cigarettes as often as the other tested students. Male students smoke as often as female students and CO result was not dependent on age.Wstęp: Celem pracy jest porównanie ilości wydychanego tlenku węgla przez studentów wybranych uniwersytetów we Wrocławiu, jako wskaźnika pomocnego przy ocenie zjawiska palenia tytoniu u młodzieży studiującej. Materiały i metody: Badanie przeprowadzono wśród 347 studentów zamieszkujących domy studenckie czterech wrocławskich uczelni: Uniwersytetu Medycznego, Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego i Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Zbadano ilość wydalanego tlenku węgla z użyciem urządzenia Micro Medical Smoke Check. Każdy uczestnik wziął udział z ankiecie dotyczącej jego kontaktu z dymem tytoniowym. Wyniki: Nie zaobserwowano różnić w ilości wydychanego CO między studentami różnych uczelni. Wyniki były najwyższe w grupie osób aktywnie palących. Grupa osób biernie palących wydalała więcej CO niż osoby nie deklarujące narażenia na dym tytoniowy. Nie zauważono różnic między grupą mężczyzn i kobiet, jak i między różnymi grupami wiekowymi. Wnioski: Pomimo większej świadomości zdrowotnej, studenci Uniwersytetu Medycznego i Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego sięgają po papierosa częściej, niż pozostali. Kobiety okazały się palić równie często, jak mężczyźni. Nie zaobserwowano różnic w ilości wydalanego CO między płciami