Review of Some Transaction Models used in Mobile Databases

Mobile computing is presently experiencing a period of unprecedented growth with the convergence of communication and computing capabilities of mobile phones and personal digital assistant. However, mobile computing presents many inherent problems that lead to poor network connectivity. To overcome poor connectivity and reduce cost, mobile clients are forced to operate in disconnected and partially connected modes. One of the main goals of mobile data access is to reach the ubiquity inherent to the mobile systems: to access information regardless of time and place. Due to mobile systems restrictions such as, for instance, limited memory and narrow bandwidth, it is only natural that researchers expend efforts to soothe such issues. This work approaches the issues regarding the cache management in mobile databases, with emphasis in techniques to reduce cache faults while the mobile device is either connected, or with a narrow bandwidth, or disconnected at all. Thus, it is expected improve data availability while a disconnection. Here in the paper, we try to describe various mobile transaction models, focusing on versatile data sharing mechanisms in volatile mobile environments

Review of Some Transaction Models used in Mobile Databases

Mobile computing is presently experiencing a period of unprecedented growth with the convergence of communication and computing capabilities of mobile phones and personal digital assistant. However, mobile computing presents many inherent problems that lead to poor network connectivity. To overcome poor connectivity and reduce cost, mobile clients are forced to operate in disconnected and partially connected modes. One of the main goals of mobile data access is to reach the ubiquity inherent to the mobile systems: to access information regardless of time and place. Due to mobile systems restrictions such as, for instance, limited memory and narrow bandwidth, it is only natural that researchers expend efforts to soothe such issues. This work approaches the issues regarding the cache management in mobile databases, with emphasis in techniques to reduce cache faults while the mobile device is either connected, or with a narrow bandwidth, or disconnected at all. Thus, it is expected improve data availability while a disconnection. Here in the paper, we try to describe various mobile transaction models, focusing on versatile data sharing mechanisms in volatile mobile environments

Formation of Influenza Virus Particles Lacking Hemagglutinin on the Viral Envelope

We investigated the intraceUular block in the transport of hemagglutinin (HA) and the role of HA in virus particle formation by using temperature-sensitive (Is) mutants (1s134 and 1s61S) of inOuenza virus AlWSN/33. We found that at the nonpermissive temperature (39.5°C), the exit of ts HA from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex was blocked and that no additional block was apparent in either the exit from the Golgi complex or post-Golgi complex transport. When MDBK ceUs were infected with these mutant viruses, they produced noninfectious virus particles at 39.5°C. The efficiency of particle formation at 39.5°C was essentiaUy the same for both wild-type (wt) and Is virus-infected cells. When compared with the wt virus produced at either 33 or 39.5°C or the ts virus formed at 33°C, these noninfectious virus particles were lighter in density and lacked spikes on the envelope. However, they contained the full complement of genomic RNA as well as aU of the structural polypeptides of inOuenza virus with the exception of HA. In these spikeless particles, HA could not be detected at the limit of 0.2% of the HA present in wt virions. In contrast, neuraminidase appeared to be present in a twofold excess over the amount present in Is virus formed at 33°C. These observations suggest that the presence of HA is not an obligatory requirement for the assembly and budding of inftuenza virus particles from infected ceUs. The implications of these results and the possible role of other viral proteins in inOuenza virus morphogenesis are discussed

A prediction model for the lost wax process through fuzzy-based artificial neural network

Abstract The application of investment casting process is rapidly increasing, specifically for near net shape manufacturing of complex and small engineering components. The process begins with making of wax patterns, thereafter employing a precision mould, dewaxing, pouring molten alloy and knocking the shell, followed by minor finishing operations. This study is about predicting the quality of responses of the wax patterns namely linear shrinkage and surface roughness using fuzzy-based artificial neural network. The process parameters considered are injection temperature, injection pressure and holding time, and experiments have been performed as per Taguchi's L 18 orthogonal array. As optimum parameter levels were different for both the responses, fuzzy logic reasoning has been used to combine all the objectives and transform the experimental results into single performance index known as multi-response performance index. Later, modelling of the process has been done using artificial neural network with experimental process parameters as inputs and multi-response performance index as output obtained from fuzzy modelling. Further, experiments have been conducted at random combination of parameter levels to validate the developed model, and it has been found that the actual results agreed well with that of the predicted value on the basis of mean absolute percentage error and correlation plots

A prediction model for the lost wax process through fuzzy-based artificial neural network

Abstract The application of investment casting process is rapidly increasing, specifically for near net shape manufacturing of complex and small engineering components. The process begins with making of wax patterns, thereafter employing a precision mould, dewaxing, pouring molten alloy and knocking the shell, followed by minor finishing operations. This study is about predicting the quality of responses of the wax patterns namely linear shrinkage and surface roughness using fuzzy-based artificial neural network. The process parameters considered are injection temperature, injection pressure and holding time, and experiments have been performed as per Taguchi's L 18 orthogonal array. As optimum parameter levels were different for both the responses, fuzzy logic reasoning has been used to combine all the objectives and transform the experimental results into single performance index known as multi-response performance index. Later, modelling of the process has been done using artificial neural network with experimental process parameters as inputs and multi-response performance index as output obtained from fuzzy modelling. Further, experiments have been conducted at random combination of parameter levels to validate the developed model, and it has been found that the actual results agreed well with that of the predicted value on the basis of mean absolute percentage error and correlation plots

An Attenuated Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope (E) and Non-Structural Protein 1 (NS1) Confers Complete Protection against Lethal Challenge in a Mouse Model

Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases, including congenital microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Although many vaccine platforms are at various stages of development, no licensed vaccines are currently available. Previously, we described a mutant MR766 ZIKV (m2MR) bearing an E protein mutation (N154A) that prevented its glycosylation, resulting in attenuation and defective neuroinvasion. To further attenuate m2MR for its potential use as a live viral vaccine, we incorporated additional mutations into m2MR by substituting the asparagine residues in the glycosylation sites (N130 and N207) of NS1 with alanine residues. Examination of pathogenic properties revealed that the virus (m5MR) carrying mutations in E (N154A) and NS1 (N130A and N207A) was fully attenuated with no disease signs in infected mice, inducing high levels of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and protecting mice from subsequent lethal virus challenge. Furthermore, passive transfer of sera from m5MR-infected mice into naïve animals resulted in complete protection from lethal challenge. The immune sera from m5MR-infected animals neutralized both African and Asian lineage viruses equally well, suggesting that m5MR virus could be developed as a potentially broad live virus vaccine candidate

An Attenuated Zika Virus Encoding Non-Glycosylated Envelope (E) and Non-Structural Protein 1 (NS1) Confers Complete Protection against Lethal Challenge in a Mouse Model

Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, emerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases, including congenital microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Although many vaccine platforms are at various stages of development, no licensed vaccines are currently available. Previously, we described a mutant MR766 ZIKV (m2MR) bearing an E protein mutation (N154A) that prevented its glycosylation, resulting in attenuation and defective neuroinvasion. To further attenuate m2MR for its potential use as a live viral vaccine, we incorporated additional mutations into m2MR by substituting the asparagine residues in the glycosylation sites (N130 and N207) of NS1 with alanine residues. Examination of pathogenic properties revealed that the virus (m5MR) carrying mutations in E (N154A) and NS1 (N130A and N207A) was fully attenuated with no disease signs in infected mice, inducing high levels of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and protecting mice from subsequent lethal virus challenge. Furthermore, passive transfer of sera from m5MR-infected mice into naïve animals resulted in complete protection from lethal challenge. The immune sera from m5MR-infected animals neutralized both African and Asian lineage viruses equally well, suggesting that m5MR virus could be developed as a potentially broad live virus vaccine candidate

Influence of the nuclear matter equation of state on the r-mode instability using the finite-range simple effective interaction

The characteristic physical properties of rotating neutron stars under the r-mode oscillation are evaluated using the finite-range simple effective interaction. Emphasis is given on examining the influence of the stiffness of both the symmetric and asymmetric parts of the nuclear equation of state on these properties. The amplitude of the r-mode at saturation is calculated using the data of particular neutron stars from the considerations of 'spin equilibrium' and 'thermal equilibrium'. The upper limit of the r-mode saturation amplitude is found to lie in the range 10−8-10−6, in agreement with the predictions of earlier work