A novel graph decomposition approach to the automatic processing of poorly formalized data : innovative ideas : a management case study

In the following paper we present a novel approach to unstructured data processing by imposing a hierarchical graph-based structure on the data and decomposing it into separate subgraphs according to optimization criteria. In the scope of the paper we also consider the problem of automatic classification of textual data for the synthesizing the hierarchical data structure. The proposed approach uses textual information on the first stage to classify ideas, innovations, and objects of intellectual property (OIPs) to construct a multilayered graph. Numerical criteria are used to decompose constructed graph into separate subgraphs. In the scope of the research we apply the developed approach to the innovative ideas in a management case study. The research has been conducted in the scope of a joint research project with financial aid of Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation RFMEFI57314X0007.peer-reviewe

Evaluation of students hostel conditions by students of pharmacy

The article presents and discusses the Pharmaceutical students survey’s results of all courses from the first to the fifth who live in the hostels of the Ural State Medical University.В статье приводятся и обсуждаются результаты анкетирования студентов фармацевтического факультета, обучающихся на 1-5 курсах и проживающих в корпусах общежитий Уральского государственного медицинского университета

Повторные короткие курсы нестероидных противовоспалительных препарато в и повреждение почек у пациенто в с дегенеративно-дистрофическими заболеваниями позвоночника

Objective: to evaluate kidney function in patients with spinal degenerative-dystrophic diseases (SDDDs) who take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as repeated short cycles of treatment for severe back pain.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 97 patients with SDDDs who took NSAIDs for back pain (a study group). A control group consisted of sexand age-matched healthy individuals who had not used NSAIDs within the past year (n=40). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the CKD-EPI equation and markers of kidney injury (albuminuria and globulinuria) were measured.Results. In the study group, GFR was decreased to <90 ml/min/1.73 m2 in 61 (62.9%) patients, to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 in 11 (11.3%); the mean GFR was 77.5 [68.0; 89.0] ml/min/1.73 m2; in the control group, a decline in GFR to 89–60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was recorded in 35 (62.5%) cases; this indicator was >90 ml/min/1.73 m2 in the remaining 15 (37.5%) cases; the mean GFR was 82.5 [70.8; 90.0] ml/min/1.73 m2 (p≥0.05 for all pairwise comparisons). A decrease in GFR to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was found in 11 (11.3%) patients in the study group and in nobody in the control group (p=0.026). Elevated albuminuria was noted in 74 (76.3%) patients with SDDDs and in 9 (22.5%) healthy individuals (p<0.05). Albumin/creatinine ratio was 57.1 [33.8; 82.4] mg/g in the study group and 25.0 [17.5; 32.9] mg/g in the control group (p<0.0001). Increased globulinuria was established in all the patients with SDDDs and only in 3 (7.5%) healthy examinees. Globulin/creatinine ratio was 134.7 [77.5; 197.7] mg/g in the study group and 12.9 [0.5; 18.1] mg/g in the control group (p<0.0001).Conclusion. A decline in GFR to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was more often seen in the patients taking NSAIDs for spine pain caused by SDDDs than in the healthy individuals. In case of comparable GFR, the level of kidney injury markers was significantly higher in the study group than that in the control group, which suggests that patients with SDDDs who take NSAIDs have subclinical tubulointerstitial and glomerular changes.Цель исследования – оценка функции почек у пациентов с дегенеративно-дистрофическими заболеваниями позвоночника (ДДЗП), принимающих нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты (НПВП) повторными короткими курсами по поводу интенсивной боли в спине.Пациенты и методы. В исследование включено 97 пациентов с ДДЗП, принимающих НПВП по поводу боли в спине (основная группа). Группу контроля составили здоровые лица, не использовавшие НПВП в течение последнего года, сопоставимые с пациентами основной группы по возрасту и полу (n=40). Оценивали скорость клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ) по CKD-EPI и маркеры почечного повреждения (альбуминурия и глобулинурия).Результаты. В основной группе СКФ была снижена у 61 (62,9%) пациента до <90 мл/мин/1,73 м2, у 11 (11,3%) – до <60 мл/мин/1,73 м2, средняя величина СКФ – 77,5 [68,0; 89,0] мл/мин/1,73 м2; в контрольной группе уменьшение СКФ до 89– 60 мл/мин/1,73 м2 зарегистрировано в 35 (62,5%) случаях, в остальных 15 (37,5%) наблюдениях этот показатель составил >90 мл/мин/1,73 м2, средняя СКФ – 82,5 [70,8; 90,0] мл/мин/1,73 м2 (p≥0,05 для всех попарных сравнений). Снижение СКФ до <60 мл/мин/1,73 м2 выявлено у 11 (11,3%) больных основной группы и не наблюдалось в контрольной группе (p=0,026). Повышение уровня альбуминурии отмечено у 74 (76,3 %) пациентов с ДДЗП и у 9 (22,5%) здоровых (p<0,05). Отношение альбумин/креатинин в основной группе равнялось 57,1 [33,8; 82,4] мг/г, в контрольной – 25,0 [17,5; 32,9] мг/г (p<0,0001). Увеличение уровня глобулинурии установлено у всех пациентов с ДДЗП и только у 3 (7,5%) здоровых обследованных. Отношение глобулин/креатинин в основной группе составило 134,7 [77,5; 197,7] мг/г, в контрольной – 12,9 [0,5; 18,1] мг/г (p<0,0001).Выводы. Снижение СКФ до <60 мл/мин/1,73 м2 у пациентов, принимающих НПВП по поводу боли в спине, обусловленной ДДЗП, наблюдается чаще, чем у здоровых. При сопоставимой СКФ уровень маркеров почечного повреждения в основной группе был значимо выше, чем в контрольной, что свидетельствует о наличии у больных с ДДЗП, принимающих НПВП, субклинических тубулоинтерстициальных и клубочковых изменений

Ревматоидный артрит в реальной клинической практике. Результаты проекта «Компьютерные терминалы самооценки для пациентов с ревматическими заболеваниями» («ТЕРМИНАЛ-I»)

Objective: to describe the portrait of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in real clinical practice, to assess disease activity from the point of view of a physician and a patient, functional status, quality of life (QOL), and the efficiency of the therapy performed.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 976 RA patients from a cohort of patients in the TERMINAL-I multicenter study, who, when visiting a rheumatologist, independently assessed the disease activity and QOL using a computer system (the «Computer Terminals of SelfAssessment for Patients with Rheumatic Diseases» project). The mean age of the patients was 52.30±13.3 years; women accounted for 85%; the median disease duration 8.0 [4.0; 14.0] years. Baseline clinical parameters and pharmacotherapy were evaluated for 6 months. The disease activity was determined by the DAS28 and RAPID-3 indices; functional status and quality of life were evaluated by the HAQ and the EQ-5D, respectively.Results. 83% of the RA patients were positive for rheumatoid factor and 60% were for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. There was a preponderance of patients with high (40.5%) and moderate (46.8%) RA activity; 6.9% were observed to have a low activity; 5.8% had clinical remission. The mean values of DAS28 and RAPID-3 were 4.7±1.3 and 13.7±3.6, respectively. Only 14.3% of patients had a good functional status that was comparable with the population-based control (HAQ≤0.5). The remaining patients were found to have a substantial decrease in joint functional parameters (median HAQ 1.88 [1.0; 2.5]) and EQ-5D QOL (0.60 [0.60; 0.74). Prosthetic joints were present in 7.4% of patients. At visit 1 to a rheumatologist, the therapy was changed in 15% of patients. During 6-month follow-up, conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs were taken by almost all (91.2%) patients. Of them, 70.9% of the patients were treated with methotrexate (MTX): 77.0% received the latter at a dose of 15 mg/week and 23.0% had it at a dose of >15 mg (17.5 to 40 mg/week). Glucocorticoids could be stopped in 20.5% of the patients within six months. Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors and anti-B-cell therapy were used in 6.6 and 16.2% of patients, respectively. At 6-month follow-up (Visit 2), 54% of patients achieved a 20% clinical improvement in the ACR criteria. At the same time, the DAS28 scores decreased substantially from 4.5±1.2 to 3.8±1.1 (p = 0.0001). There was a minimal functional improvement in the HAQ index in 64% of patients and a better EQ-D QOL scores in 16%.Conclusion. The majority of RA patients who came to the rheumatologists showed high to moderate disease activity. This was due to long disease duration, inadequate MTX dose, and insufficient patient monitoring in real clinical practice. Introduction of a computer system for selfassessment of their health status by RA patients in an outpatient setting could improve the interaction of physicians, nurses, and patients, better monitor disease activity, and enhance therapeutic efficiency. Цель исследования – описание «портрета» пациента с ревматоидным артритом (РА) в реальной клинической практике, оценка активности заболевания с точки зрения врача и пациента, функционального состояния, качества жизни (КЖ) и эффективности проводимой терапии.Пациенты и методы. В исследование включено 976 пациентов с РА из когорты больных, входящих в многоцентровое исследование «ТЕРМИНАЛ-I», которые при обращении к ревматологу самостоятельно оценивали активность заболевания и КЖ с помощью компьютерной системы (проект «Компьютерные терминалы самооценки для пациентов с ревматическими заболеваниями»). Средний возраст пациентов составил 52,30±13,3 года, 85% – женщины, медиана длительности заболевания – 8,0 [4,0; 14,0] лет. Проводилась оценка базовых клинических параметров и фармакотерапии в течение 6 мес. Активность заболевания определялась по индексам DAS28 и RAPID-3, функциональный статус – по индексу HAQ, качество жизни – по EQ-5D.Результаты. 83% больных РА были позитивными по ревматоидному фактору и 60% – по антителам к циклическому цитруллинированному пептиду. Преобладали пациенты с высокой (40,5%) и умеренной (46,8%) активностью РА, у 6,9% отмечалась низкая активность, у 5,8% –клиническая ремиссия. Среднее значение индекса DAS28 составило 4,7±1,3, RAPID-3 – 13,7±3,6. Только 14,3% пациентов имели хорошее функциональное состояние, сравнимое с популяционным контролем (HAQ ≤0,5). У остальных больных отмечалось значительное снижение показателей функции суставов (медиана HAQ 1,88 [1,0; 2,5]) и КЖ по индексу EQ-5D (0,60 [0,60; 0,74]). Протезированные суставы имели 7,4% больных. При 1-м визите к ревматологу терапия была изменена у 15% пациентов. В течение 6 мес наблюдения практически все пациенты (91,2%) получали стандартные базисные противовоспалительные препараты. Из них 70,9% пациентов находились на терапии метотрексатом (МТ): 77,0% получали его в дозе 15 мг/нед и 23,0% – >15 мг (от 17,5 до 40 мг/нед). 20,5% пациентам в течение полугода удалось отменить глюкокортикоиды. Ингибиторы фактора некроза опухоли α использовали 6,6% больных, анти-В-клеточную терапию – 16,2%. После 6 мес наблюдения (2-й визит к врачу) 20% клиническое улучшение по критериям ACR достигнуто у 54% больных. При этом отмечалось значительное снижение индекса DAS28 (с 4,5±1,2 до 3,8±1,1 балла; p=0,0001). Минимальное функциональное улучшение по индексу HAQ зафиксировано у 64% пациентов, улучшение КЖ по EQ-5D – у 16%.Выводы. Высокая и умеренная активность заболевания, снижение показателей КЖ были характерны для большинства пациентов с РА, обратившихся к ревматологу. Это было связано с большой длительностью заболевания, неадекватной дозой МТ и недостаточным мониторингом пациентов в реальной клинической практике. Введение компьютерной системы самооценки состояния здоровья пациентов с РА на поликлиническом уровне позволило улучшить взаимодействие врачей, медицинских сестер и пациентов, более качественно контролировать активность заболевания и повысить эффективность терапии.

Electrical and Optical Properties of Laser-Induced Structural Modifications in PbSe Films

PbSe chalcogenide films are widely used as photosensitive elements in gas analysis devices. High absorption in the IR spectrum region and low electrical resistance are important characteristics. Continuous laser radiation exposure of films in the near UV range makes it possible to achieve the desired characteristics, replacing oven heat treatment in the technological process. In the considered laser technology, PbSe films are subjected to photothermal action by a spot of focused radiation in the progressive scanning mode. In this work, changes in the optical and electrical film properties were studied, and the mechanism of structural laser modification was also considered

Electrical and Optical Properties of Laser-Induced Structural Modifications in PbSe Films

PbSe chalcogenide films are widely used as photosensitive elements in gas analysis devices. High absorption in the IR spectrum region and low electrical resistance are important characteristics. Continuous laser radiation exposure of films in the near UV range makes it possible to achieve the desired characteristics, replacing oven heat treatment in the technological process. In the considered laser technology, PbSe films are subjected to photothermal action by a spot of focused radiation in the progressive scanning mode. In this work, changes in the optical and electrical film properties were studied, and the mechanism of structural laser modification was also considered

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT POLICY FOR SEVERE CONGENITAL CYSTIC ADENOMATOID MALFORMATION OF THE LUNG IN NEWBORN INFANTS

Objective. To present the diagnosis of and treatment policy for severe cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM) of the lung in newborn infants, allowing one to rule out a fatal outcome and to ensure good quality of life in the future. Material and methods. The authors describe their own 12 clinical cases in newborn infants with the histologically verified diagnosis of type 1 CAM with a pronounced mass effect, as well as pregnancy management tactics, the time and algorithm of postnatal radiation examination, a treatment method and give long-term results. Results. The traced long-term results are predominantly good (77.8%); there are no poor outcomes or mortality in this patient group. Conclusion. The prognosis for life in severe forms of CAM with a high risk of antepartum fetal demise can be favorable if there is a correct pregnancy management tactics, early examination, and surgical treatment. Computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography are main postnatal diagnostic techniques that determine the further tactics of a neonatal surgeon. Emergency surgery is indicated after the diagnosis of type 1 CAM with a pronounced mass effect is confirmed

Repeated short cycles of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and kidney injury in patients with spinal degenerative-dystrophic diseases

Objective: to evaluate kidney function in patients with spinal degenerative-dystrophic diseases (SDDDs) who take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as repeated short cycles of treatment for severe back pain.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 97 patients with SDDDs who took NSAIDs for back pain (a study group). A control group consisted of sexand age-matched healthy individuals who had not used NSAIDs within the past year (n=40). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the CKD-EPI equation and markers of kidney injury (albuminuria and globulinuria) were measured.Results. In the study group, GFR was decreased to <90 ml/min/1.73 m2 in 61 (62.9%) patients, to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 in 11 (11.3%); the mean GFR was 77.5 [68.0; 89.0] ml/min/1.73 m2; in the control group, a decline in GFR to 89–60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was recorded in 35 (62.5%) cases; this indicator was >90 ml/min/1.73 m2 in the remaining 15 (37.5%) cases; the mean GFR was 82.5 [70.8; 90.0] ml/min/1.73 m2 (p≥0.05 for all pairwise comparisons). A decrease in GFR to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was found in 11 (11.3%) patients in the study group and in nobody in the control group (p=0.026). Elevated albuminuria was noted in 74 (76.3%) patients with SDDDs and in 9 (22.5%) healthy individuals (p<0.05). Albumin/creatinine ratio was 57.1 [33.8; 82.4] mg/g in the study group and 25.0 [17.5; 32.9] mg/g in the control group (p<0.0001). Increased globulinuria was established in all the patients with SDDDs and only in 3 (7.5%) healthy examinees. Globulin/creatinine ratio was 134.7 [77.5; 197.7] mg/g in the study group and 12.9 [0.5; 18.1] mg/g in the control group (p<0.0001).Conclusion. A decline in GFR to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was more often seen in the patients taking NSAIDs for spine pain caused by SDDDs than in the healthy individuals. In case of comparable GFR, the level of kidney injury markers was significantly higher in the study group than that in the control group, which suggests that patients with SDDDs who take NSAIDs have subclinical tubulointerstitial and glomerular changes