1,404 research outputs found
Immunological and Therapeutic Strategies against Salmonid Cryptobiosis
Salmonid cryptobiosis is caused by the haemoflagellate, Cryptobia
salmositica. Clinical signs of the disease in salmon (Oncorhynchus
spp.) include exophthalmia, general oedema, abdominal distension
with ascites, anaemia, and anorexia. The disease-causing factor is
a metalloprotease and the monoclonal antibody (mAb-001) against it is therapeutic.
MAb-001 does not fix complement but agglutinates the parasite. Some brook charr,
Salvelinus fontinalis cannot be infected (Cryptobia-resistant); this resistance is
controlled by a dominant Mendelian locus and is inherited. In Cryptobia-resistant charr the
pathogen is lysed via the Alternative Pathway of Complement Activation. However,
some charr can be infected and they have high parasitaemias with no disease
(Cryptobia-tolerant). In infected Cryptobia-tolerant charr the metalloprotease is
neutralized by a natural antiprotease, α2 macroglobulin. Two vaccines have been developed.
A single dose of the attenuated vaccine protects 100% of salmonids (juveniles and adults) for at least 24 months.
Complement fixing antibody production and cell-mediated response
in vaccinated fish rise significantly after challenge. Fish
injected with the DNA vaccine initially have slight anaemias but
they recover and have agglutinating antibodies. On challenge,
DNA-vaccinated fish have lower parasitaemias, delayed peak
parasitaemias and faster recoveries. Isometamidium chloride is
therapeutic against the pathogen and its effectiveness is
increased after conjugation to antibodies
Effects of chilling on the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes in Passe-Crassane pear (Pyrus communis L.) fruits
Passe-Crassane pears require a 3-month chilling treatment at 0 C to be able to produce ethylene and ripen
autonomously after subsequent rewarming. The chilling treatment strongly stimulated ACC oxidase activity, and
to a lesser extent ACC synthase activity. At the same time, the levels of mRNAs hybridizing to ACC synthase and
ACC oxidase probes increased dramatically. Fruit stored at 18 C immediately after harvest did not exhibit any
of these changes, while fruit that had been previously chilled exhibited a burst of ethylene production associated
with high activity of ACC oxidase and ACC synthase upon rewarming. ACC oxidase mRNA strongly accumulated
in rewarmed fruits, while ACC synthase mRNA level decreased. The chilling-induced accumulation of ACC
synthase and ACC oxidase transcripts was strongly reduced when ethylene action was blocked during chilling with
1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Upon rewarming ACC synthase and ACC oxidase transcripts rapidly disappeared
in 1-MCP-treated fruits. A five-week treatment of non-chilled fruits with the ethylene analog propylene led to
increased expression of ACC oxidase and to ripening. However, ethylene synthesis, ACC synthase activity and
ACC synthasemRNAs remained at very lowlevel. Our data indicate thatACC synthase gene expression is regulated
by ethylene only during, or after chilling treatment, while ACC oxidase gene expression can be induced separately
by either chilling or ethylene
Who Uses Tips as a Reward for Services and When? An Examination of Potential Moderators of the Service-Tipping Relationship
Consumers in many countries often give voluntary payments of money (tips) to the workers who have served them. These tips are supposed to be a reward for service and research indicates that they do increase with customers’ perceptions of service quality. This paper contributes to the service-tipping literature by examining numerous potential moderators of this relationship in two studies. Results indicate that the service-tipping relationship is robust across meal type, day of week, sex and race of server as well as customers’ alcohol consumption, education, income, race, worship frequency, and hospitality work experience, but that it is stronger for older consumers than for younger ones and for parties with large bills than for parties with smaller bills. The practical and theoretical implications of these and other findings are discussed
Surface orbitronics: new twists from orbital Rashba physics
When the inversion symmetry is broken at a surface, spin-orbit interaction
gives rise to spin-dependent energy shifts - a phenomenon which is known as the
spin Rashba effect. Recently, it has been recognized that an orbital
counterpart of the spin Rashba effect - the orbital Rashba effect - can be
realized at surfaces even without spin- orbit coupling. Here, we propose a
mechanism for the orbital Rashba effect based on sp orbital hybridization,
which ultimately leads to the electric polarization of surface states. As a
proof of principle, we show from first principles that this effect leads to
chiral orbital textures in -space of the BiAg monolayer. In
predicting the magnitude of the orbital moment arising from the orbital Rashba
effect, we demonstrate the crucial role that the Berry phase theory plays for
the magnitude and variation of the orbital textures. As a result, we predict a
pronounced manifestation of various orbital effects at surfaces, and proclaim
the orbital Rashba effect to be a key platform for surface orbitronics
Acupuncture Transmitted Infections
published_or_final_versio
Using Digital Technology to Address Confirmability and Scalability in Thematic Analysis of Participant-Provided Data
This article presents a technique for analyzing large-scale qualitative data to address considerations for scalability and confirmability in thematic analysis of participant-provided data. A network approach provides a consistent means of coding that scales with the size of the dataset and is verifiable using standardized methods. This form of data analysis can be used with smaller data sources including interview transcripts as well as large data sources such as open-ended survey responses. A constructivist (inductive) approach is maintained and needed, however, to aid in interpretation of latent constructs. In this article, we provide both a conceptual overview of the co-word analysis method and a practical example
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