Combined effect of acclimation temperature and n-3 HUFA dietary content on metabolic performances.

<p>(A) Maximal swimming speed (U_max), (B) net cost of transport at maximum exercise (NCOT), (C) post-challenge ventilation rate (f_v) and (D) excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of fish acclimated at 20°C (dark points) and 12°C (light points) and fed with enriched (triangle symbol; HH) or depleted (circle symbol; LH) n-3 HUFA regime for four months as a function of the challenge temperature along a range from 9°C to 24°C. Regression lines for U_max are described by polynomial models of the equation: AxChalTemp² + BxChalTemp + C, where ChalTemp is the challenge temperature tested. Statistical results are reported in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126489#pone.0126489.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Statistical effects of the environmental parameters tested on <i>Liza aurata</i> physiological performances.

<p>Parameters of linear mixed effect models applied to the maximal oxygen consumption MO_2max, the minimal oxygen consumption MO_2min, the aerobic scope AS, the maximal swimming speed U_max, the net cost of transport NCOT, the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption EPOC and the ventilation rate after swimming effort f_v as a function of the challenge temperature. Only significant interactions between factors tested are reported in this Table. Abbreviations: Acc. temp.: acclimation temperature; AIC: Akaike Interaction Criterion; Chal. temp.: challenge temperature; Gr.: number of fish; Obs.: number of observations.</p><p>Statistical effects of the environmental parameters tested on <i>Liza aurata</i> physiological performances.</p

Combined effect of acclimation temperature and n-3 HUFA dietary content on growth performances.

<p>Specific growth rate SGR during the four months experimental period (% day^-1; Fig A; LH12: n = 17; HH12: n = 37; LH20: n = 20; HH20: n = 34), and condition factor (Fulton Index FI) at the end of the experiment for fish which performed the thermal challenge (Fig B; n = 11 for each experimental fish group) for each experimental condition: high n-3 HUFA fed fish reared at 12°C (HH12) or 20°C (HH20), and low n-3 HUFA fed fish reared at 12°C (LH12) or 20°C (LH20). Bars with different letters are significantly different: for SGR: two-way ANOVA: effect of temperature: <i>F</i>_{<i>1</i>,<i>103</i>} = 1328.46; <i>P</i> < 0.001; effect of food: <i>F</i>_{<i>1</i>,<i>103</i>} = 1.917; <i>P</i> = 0.17; interaction food*temperature: <i>F</i>_{<i>1</i>,<i>103</i>} = 1.00; <i>P</i> = 0.32. For FI: two-way ANOVA: effect of temperature: <i>F</i>_{<i>1</i>,<i>104</i>} = 4.4; <i>P</i> = 0.037; effect of food: <i>F</i>_{<i>1</i>,<i>3104</i>} = 0.61; <i>P</i> = 0.44; interaction food*temperature: <i>F</i>_{<i>1</i>,<i>104</i>} = 3.8; <i>P</i> = 0.053).</p

Combined effect of acclimation temperature and n-3 HUFA dietary content on aerobic metabolism.

<p>(A) Minimal (MO_{2 min}) and (B) maximal oxygen consumption rate (MO_{2 max}) and (C) aerobic scope of fish acclimated at 20°C (dark symbols) and 12°C (light symbols) and fed with enriched (triangle; HH) or depleted (circle symbol; LH) n-3 HUFA regime as a function of the challenge temperature over a range from 9°C to 24°C. Regression lines are described by polynomial models of equation: AxChalTemp² + BxChalTemp + C, where ChalTemp is the challenge temperature tested. Statistical results are reported in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126489#pone.0126489.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Diagram of the experimental protocol used for the thermal challenge.

<p>This diagram presents the evolution of swimming speed with time at one of the challenge temperature tested (<i>i</i>.<i>e</i>. 9°C, 12°C, 16°C, 20°C or 24°C). The different measures recorded for each fish and at each temperature are indicated in italic. MO_2min: minimum oxygen consumption; MO_2max: maximum oxygen consumption; U_max: maximum swimming speed; f_v: ventilation rate after the MO_2max challenge; EPOC: the excess post-oxygen consumption recorded during the recovery period following the swim challenge. The same protocol was repeated until each fish had been exposed to all challenge temperatures; one hour-acclimation to each new experimental challenge temperature was respected.</p

Additional file 6: of The highly variable microbiota associated to intestinal mucosa correlates with growth and hypoxia resistance of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, submitted to different nutritional histories

Mean relative abundance of phylogenetic clusters among Alpha- and Beta-Proteobacteria with significant differences between experimental groups. (DOCX 19 kb

Additional file 6: of The highly variable microbiota associated to intestinal mucosa correlates with growth and hypoxia resistance of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, submitted to different nutritional histories

Mean relative abundance of phylogenetic clusters among Alpha- and Beta-Proteobacteria with significant differences between experimental groups. (DOCX 19 kb