Enterprise Product Partners - Investment Report

2021 Investment report on Enterprise Product Partners

Nutrient Recovery from Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor Permeate Using ion Exchange

Phosphorus is a common element in wastewater streams and traditional treatment processes are often designed remove it to achieve low effluent limits. Such processes often do not often consider the potential value of the nutrient. Currently, production of phosphate fertilizers has dramatically risen causing concern for the depletion of phosphate rock reserves, bringing about exploration into alternative sources of phosphorus for agricultural use. Combining the needs of phosphorus removal from wastewaters and securing alternate sources of the nutrient provide an opportunity for recovery. This project evaluated a nutrient recovery process through ion exchange with beneficial recovery as precipitated struvite using novel anion exchange media loaded with hydrated ferric oxide (HFO) and copper (Cu2+) known in literature as Dow-HFO-Cu. Previous work has not defined the exchange capacity of the media through multiple exchange cycles nor has it been tested in permeates from anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR). Batch tests were done to determine the exchange capacity of the Dow-HFO-Cu media using different regeneration solutions. Regeneration using less alkaline solutions (pH=11) provided the highest overall exchange capacity of phosphate (PO43-) through 5 ion exchange cycles, with a regeneration solution of 2% NaCl + 0.5% NaOH providing the highest overall recovery. Column tests treating permeates from a lab-scale AnMBR were performed over 5 ion exchange cycles, resulting in exchange capacities of the Dow-HFO-Cu media to ranging from 1.6 to 2.8 mg PO4-P/g media. From the removed portion, recovery of PO4-P achieved 94% and 79% of the mass of PO4-P was recovered during regeneration for column tests using permeate from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating synthetic wastewater and real primary effluent, respectively. Ammonium (NH4+) ion exchange using the natural zeolite clinoptilolite in batch tests demonstrated that more dilute sodium chloride regenerant concentrations could achieve similar performance to higher concentration solutions. Column tests of NH4+ removal showed decreased performance compared to batch tests as influent wastewater characteristics such as organic matter likely reduced exchange capacity. Precipitation tests using the regeneration eluate from anion and cation columns produced low molar ratios of Mg:NH4:PO4 with the best resulting ratio of 0.8:0.1:0.9, suggesting that the recovered product may not be struvite

A proposed method to estimate the effectiveness of delayed tasks

Although modern critical communications systems are great improvements over their predecessors, they are not as effective as they could be, given the current high level of technology. One major cause for this lack in technology transfer is the many specialties involved in the development of such systems. Often, communication among members of a design team is imprecise, leading to suboptimization. Another cause is a general tendency for analysts to attach too high a precision to the results of analysis. This second problem is further aggravated by imprecise communication;This paper explores both general problems and presents some new methods of coping with them. Focusing on time effectiveness, it first shows that time effectiveness measures are inherently non-linear, especially in critical systems. It then presents the focused measure of performance, as a means of improving information transfer from C[superscript]2 experts to C[superscript]3I analysts. It also presents pseudo-confidence intervals as a means of reflecting the uncertainty of C[superscript]2 knowledge in C[superscript]3I results. It then presents an approximate analytical method that provides meaningful results to critical communications systems users, is practical for communications systems analysts, and is comprehensible to both. It then expands the basic method to consider the uncertainty in problem formulation and expected variation in the operational environment, as well as the probable lack of consensus on the effectiveness criteria. It then shows how this approximate method yields more valid results than more commonly-used methods;In addition, this paper proposes a model of time effectiveness, or timeliness, deriving exact models from time effectiveness parameters of the U. S. Joint Services Communications Data Base (CDB). It also shows why mean time and conventional two-parameter time distribution models can yield poor predictions of effectiveness. It then shows the proposed method will work in the presence of autocorrelation. It demonstrates how the analyst can perform sensitivity analysis without repeated simulation. Finally, it explores the limits of the proposed method

Mental Health Professionals’ Perception of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder

Despite the widespread attention and resources allocated to the current opioid crisis, the public health problem persists. A major target in the efforts to combat the opioid crisis is increased accessibility and utilization of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). A robust body of evidence supports the effectiveness of medications to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) in reducing overdose deaths and improving overall outcomes. Yet, MOUD continues to be underutilized at alarming rates. Studies have discovered that only one-third of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment sites offer any form of MOUD and approximately 30% of individuals with OUD receive any form of MOUD. A potential barrier to MOUD utilization that has not been thoroughly examined is how OUD treatment providers perceive medications for OUD. Clinicians and researchers, including counselors and psychologists, are not able to prescribe medications but may have an influence on the individual seeking treatment for OUD. Clinicians have significant influence on clients’ determination of treatment options and, knowingly or unknowingly, can promote or discourage MOUD. The present study examines survey data collected from mental health professionals that either conduct research with or provide direct clinical care to individuals with OUD. The present study aims to analyze perceptions of MOUD between groups of clinicians and researchers working with OUD, years of experience in the OUD field, and varying occupational settings. Results from the study will help to fill gaps in the literature about healthcare professionals’ perceptions towards MOUD and the degree to which they may serve as a barrier to its acceptance and implementation

Honoring the Lion: A Festschrift for Jan de Leeuw

This special volume celebrates the 20th anniversary of the Journal of Statistical Software (JSS) and is a Festschrift for its founding editor Jan de Leeuw. Jan recently retired from his long-held position as founding chair of the Department of Statistics at the University of California, Los Angeles. The contributions to this special volume look back at some of his research interests and accomplishments during the half-century that he has been active in psychometrics and statistics. In this introduction, the guest editors also reminisce on their own first encounters with Jan, ten years ago. Since that time JSS has solidified its place as a leading journal of computational statistics, a fact that has a lot to do with Jan's stewardship. We include a brief history of JSS

Oncometabolites:linking altered metabolism with cancer

The discovery of cancer-associated mutations in genes encoding key metabolic enzymes has provided a direct link between altered metabolism and cancer. Advances in mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance technologies have facilitated high-resolution metabolite profiling of cells and tumors and identified the accumulation of metabolites associated with specific gene defects. Here we review the potential roles of such "oncometabolites" in tumor evolution and as clinical biomarkers for the detection of cancers characterized by metabolic dysregulation

Geometric, Variational Discretization of Continuum Theories

This study derives geometric, variational discretizations of continuum theories arising in fluid dynamics, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and the dynamics of complex fluids. A central role in these discretizations is played by the geometric formulation of fluid dynamics, which views solutions to the governing equations for perfect fluid flow as geodesics on the group of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms of the fluid domain. Inspired by this framework, we construct a finite-dimensional approximation to the diffeomorphism group and its Lie algebra, thereby permitting a variational temporal discretization of geodesics on the spatially discretized diffeomorphism group. The extension to MHD and complex fluid flow is then made through an appeal to the theory of Euler-Poincar\'{e} systems with advection, which provides a generalization of the variational formulation of ideal fluid flow to fluids with one or more advected parameters. Upon deriving a family of structured integrators for these systems, we test their performance via a numerical implementation of the update schemes on a cartesian grid. Among the hallmarks of these new numerical methods are exact preservation of momenta arising from symmetries, automatic satisfaction of solenoidal constraints on vector fields, good long-term energy behavior, robustness with respect to the spatial and temporal resolution of the discretization, and applicability to irregular meshes

The Task-Oriented Developmental Model of Supervision: Facilitating Comprehensive Supervisee Development

In this article, we discuss a meaningful synthesis of the integrated development model of supervision (McNeill & Stoltenberg, 2016) and cognitive-behavioral (Milne et al., 2011) supervision models that support supervisee development. First, we provide a review of the literature than a rationale for a new integrative model in addition to the specific interventions that can be used at each level of supervisee development. Finally, we discuss considerations for the model, including a case study, the new model’s strengths and limitations, and implications for the field of counselor education. Keywords: supervision, counselor trainees, developmental, cognitive, integrativ