Patriating appeals : New Zealand's withdrawal from the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

In 1900, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was the final court of appeal for one-quarter of the world’s people residing in the British Empire, with the notable exception of those who lived in the British Isles. Despite the major exodus from the Judicial Committee’s jurisdiction in the two decades following the end of the Second World War, it was not until the late 1960s before the possibility of New Zealand’s departure was raised. A sporadic debate then ensued. In 1986, the Government initiated the first of three formal attempts to end New Zealand appeals to the Judicial Committee. Each attempt was very contentious, and it was not until 2003 when this objective was achieved. This thesis examines the ending of New Zealand appeals to the Judicial Committee. It identifies a series of debates, involving common themes and contrasting political positions, over more than 35 years. It also identifies changing legal features, which provide an important backdrop to the debates. It concludes with an assessment of why this process took so long

A Case Grammar Analysis of the Representation of African-Americans in Current Fifth Grade Social Studies Textbooks.

The portrayal of ethnic minorities in American history textbooks has been examined over recent years by numerous researchers (Banks, 1969; Agostino and Barone, 1985; Garcia and Tanner, 1985; Garcia, 1986; Lamott, 1988; Thomas and Alawiye, 1993). Most of these studies have focused upon factual veracity and the selection of life roles through which certain groups have been portrayed. Life roles include employment, daily routines, and positions of prominence achieved

The Multidimensional Reading Instruction Observation Scale

The Multidimensional Reading Instruction Observation Scale is a formative evaluative instrument which can be used to judge the quality of reading instruction by recording the nature of the interaction between the student and the teacher along three dimensions critical to quality instruction: cognitive processes, affective processes, and management skills. Cognitive processes are those behaviors which are directed toward acquiring strategies or skills (to improve reading). Affective processes are those behaviors which influence the self-concept of the learner. Management skills are those behaviors which demonstrate ability to utilize components of the learning environment effectively

Cannabis Use and Bipolar Disorder: Bipolar Disorder Case Identification and Cannabis Use Risk Assessment: A Dissertation

Bipolar disorders (BD) are characterized by symptoms of grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, pressure to keep talking, flight of ideas, distractibility, increased goal-directed activities, psychomotor agitation, and excessive involvement in pleasurable activities. Those with a bipolar disorder have a high degree of psychiatric comorbidity including substance use disorders, and they also experience increased mortality. Despite the widespread recognition of BD as an important psychiatric condition, available population-based estimates for BD prevalence differs across data sources. Cannabis is one of the most widely-used illicit substances. Evidence supports it as a risk factor for psychotic symptoms and disorders. Because populations with psychotic disorders and populations with bipolar disorder share genetic characteristics, cannabis may increase risk for bipolar disorders through the same pathways as it does with psychotic disorders. Limited and conflicting evidence regarding the association of cannabis use and bipolar disorder is currently available. This dissertation investigates cannabis use as a risk factor for incident manic symptoms and bipolar disorders in a large nationally representative longitudinal cohort. The first aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the implications for manic, hypomanic and major depressive episode prevalence estimates arising from the different approaches to assessing DSM-IV criterion between two national surveys. Differences in the assessment of impairment strongly influence manic or hypomanic classification within the NESARC. Compared to multiple imputation estimates (19.7% [95% CI: 19.3-20.1]) which treat depressed mood and anhedonia as separate symptoms, symptom assessment in the NESARC substantially underestimates major depressive episode prevalence (16.9% [95% CI: 16.1-17.6]). The second research objective examined self-reported cannabis use as a risk factor for incident manic symptoms, bipolar spectrum disorders (including manic and hypomanic episodes) and SCID-based recalibrated BD I and II. Cannabis use risk was assessed in the population as a whole and in sub-populations defined by age, substance abuse/dependence status, and family history. Among those reporting no lifetime major depressive or manic symptoms at baseline, self-reported past-year cannabis use was associated with increased odds of an incident week of extremely elevated or irritable mood accompanied by at least two manic episode criterion B symptoms (adj. OR 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08-2.65, p=.02) over the three year follow-up period. Among adults (ages 26 to 45) \u3e=1 reported use(s) of cannabis per week was associated with incident manic or hypomanic episodes (adjusted OR 2.52, 95% CI: 1.32-4.80, p=.006). Among those endorsing no major depressive symptoms, substance abuse/dependence, or anti-social traits in their first degree relatives, past year cannabis use is associated with increased risk for incident bipolar spectrum disorders (adjusted OR 2.27, 95% CI: 1.01-5.10, p=.05) and CIDI recalibrated BD I and II (adjusted OR 5.49, 95% CI: 1.38-21.9, p=.02). Past year cannabis use risk for DSM-IV manic or hypomanic episodes among those aged 26 to 45 is concentrated in those with a baseline history of a substance use disorder (adj. OR 2.00, 95% CI: 1.10-3.66, p=.02) as compared to those with no such history (adj. OR 1.87, 95% CI: 0.49-7.21, p=.36). The third research objective of this dissertation was a sensitivity analysis using externally-predicted categorized exposures and continuous cannabis use propensities. The sensitivity analysis found evidence of exposure misclassification. Exposures defined by external propensity scores had improved cross-sectional association with bipolar spectrum disorders compared to reported use when both were compared to an external standard. No significant risk estimates were found for categorized predicted cannabis use among groups that were previously found to have significant risk from reported exposure. However, among adults 18 to 45 years of age with no manic or major depressive symptoms at baseline, past year cannabis use propensity (as a log transformed continuous measure) was associated with incident manic or hypomanic episodes (adj. OR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.10-2.03, p=.01). Elevated risk for high cannabis use propensity (\u3e=1 use/week in the past year) was also found in this same group (adj. OR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03-1.72, p=.03). Among those with no reported history of depression, substance abuse/dependence, or anti-social traits among their first-degree relatives, propensity for past year cannabis use (adj. OR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.11-2.32, p=.01) and propensity for \u3e=1 use/week of cannabis in the past year (adj. OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.03-1.85, p=.03) were associated with incident manic or hypomanic episodes. Among those without a substance use history at baseline, propensity for past year cannabis use (adj. OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.33-1.55, p=1 use/week of cannabis in the past year (adj. OR 1.54, 95% CI: 1.26-1.88, p The findings of the first aim support the conclusion that the AUDADIS substantially under-estimated lifetime major depressive episode prevalence compared to an imputed estimate that treated anhedonia and depressed mood as separate and concurrent MDE symptoms. The operationalization of impairment for manic disorders in both the AUDADIS and CIDI strongly influences case identification, with the CIDI having suppressed manic and hypomanic prevalence estimates. Evidence was found supporting the conclusion that self-reported cannabis use is a significant risk factor for incident bipolar spectrum outcomes within subpopulations in a nationally representative cohort. A sensitivity analysis finds evidence that supports the conclusion that increasing cannabis use propensity is associated with increased risk of bipolar spectrum outcomes within population subgroups, with the greatest increased risk among those with the lowest innate risk. Under-reporting of illicit substance use is a major limitation in this dissertation; further study is needed with improved exposure measures

The Reading Teacher as a Workplace Literacy Consultant

A number of leaders in industry and government have asserted that many workers in this country lack the basic skills to perform adequately on the job; they claim that a wave of workplace illiteracy is sweeping this nation as never before. Whether the cause of this problem is perceived to be a deficit in the educational delivery system or a lag in skills due to the sudden technological explosion, it seems that there are many adults who need training in basic workplace skills in order to obtain and keep employment

Commentary on White and Colleagues: Trends in Alcoholâ Related Emergency Department Visits in the United States: Results from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, 2006 to 2014 (ACER, 2018)

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142426/1/acer13593.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142426/2/acer13593_am.pd

Homeland Security and Wireless Telecommunications: The Continuing Evolution of Regulation

Since the grant of the first Commercial Mobile Radio Service ( CMRS ) license over twenty years ago, the wireless industry has grown from a service of convenience to one that is indispensable. What once was a device used for sporadic phone calls now is viewed by many Americans as a source of invaluable communication and security. As the wireless industry matured, government officials turned to the mobile phone as a way to make the United States safer. E-9 11, the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act ( CALEA ), Wireless Priority Service ( WPS ), and Outage Reporting all were initiated on the wireless platform in the name of safety. The FCC implementation proceedings for each of these initiatives have differed markedly. In an advanced technology area such as wireless, government goals may best be achieved by relying on industry experts, because the technology is so sophisticated and constantly developing that the legislative and regulatory process at times cannot keep pace. This Article reviews wireless public safety and Homeland Security initiatives in three phases and explores the evolution of Homeland Security regulation of the wireless industry

The Cross Section of Money Market Fund Risks and Financial Crises

Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs - Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C

Homeland Security and Wireless Telecommunications: The Continuing Evolution of Regulation

Since the grant of the first Commercial Mobile Radio Service ( CMRS ) license over twenty years ago, the wireless industry has grown from a service of convenience to one that is indispensable. What once was a device used for sporadic phone calls now is viewed by many Americans as a source of invaluable communication and security. As the wireless industry matured, government officials turned to the mobile phone as a way to make the United States safer. E-9 11, the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act ( CALEA ), Wireless Priority Service ( WPS ), and Outage Reporting all were initiated on the wireless platform in the name of safety. The FCC implementation proceedings for each of these initiatives have differed markedly. In an advanced technology area such as wireless, government goals may best be achieved by relying on industry experts, because the technology is so sophisticated and constantly developing that the legislative and regulatory process at times cannot keep pace. This Article reviews wireless public safety and Homeland Security initiatives in three phases and explores the evolution of Homeland Security regulation of the wireless industry