Puissalicon – Las Jurièires-Basses

Identifiant de l'opération archéologique : Date de l'opération : 1998 (SU) Inventeur(s) : Mauné Stéphane (INRAP) ; Meffre Joël-Claude (INRAP) ; Alessandri Patrice (INRAP) ; Passarius Olivier (INRAP) ; Pradiès Christian ; Leclaire André ; Boudry Olivier ; Bouchette Anne ; Chabal Lucie C'est à l'occasion du projet de construction du gazoduc « Artère du Midi » (Gaz de France), entre Saint-Martin-de-Crau (Bouches-du-Rhône) et Cruzy (Hérault), qu'une fouille préventive de sauvetage AFAN a été eff..

Heuristics for the re-balancing of a vehicle assembly line

International audienc

Modelling of User Behaviour for Static Rebalancing of Bike Sharing System: Transfer of Demand from Bike-Shortage Stations to Neighbouring Stations

Bike sharing systems are becoming more and more common around the world. One of the main difficulties is to ensure the availability of bicycles in order to satisfy users. To achieve this objective, managers of these systems set up rebalancing vehicles that displace bicycles to stations that are likely to be in a situation of bike shortage. In order to determine which stations must be supplied on a priority basis and the number of bicycles to be supplied (named in this paper as rebalancing plan), the aim is generally to reduce the lost demand for each station, i.e., the gap between the demand for bicycles and the number of bicycles at a station. On the one hand, this paper proposes an algorithm that evaluates the lost demand in a more realistic way, by describing the behaviour of users faced with a bike-shortage station. It takes into account the possibility that a proportion of users who cannot find bicycles will move to a neighbouring station that is not empty. This proportion depends on the distance between stations and corresponds to the number of users willing to walk a given distance to a neighbouring station. On the other hand, this algorithm provides the value of the objective function to be minimized to a static rebalancing plan algorithm based on a Random Search metaheuristic. The quantities of bicycles to be picked up and dropped off at each station are calculated in a static rebalancing context. The calculation of lost demand based on this algorithm, which simulates user behaviour, was compared with that one obtained by the classical method on a real numerical example obtained from the open data of Parisian Vélibʼ (more than 1200 stations). In addition, the efficiency of the rebalancing algorithm coupled with the user behaviour simulation algorithm was evaluated on this numerical example and allowed to obtain very good results compared to the rebalancing performed by the system operator

Modelling and Simulation of the Doctors’ Availability in Emergency Department with SIMIO Software. Case of Study: Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital

International audienceEmergency Departments (ED) require an appropriate allocation of human and material resources in order to increase their effectiveness and efficiency and reduce as much as possible the patients’ waiting time. This chapter describes step by step the patient’s stay process at the ED. The SIMIO software was used for the modelling and simulation of this process. This chapter also presents a novel method of modelling doctors’ availability in the emergency department taking into account their number and availability in trauma and medicine areas. The findings from the different simulated scenarios show that modifying the doctors’ number can have a strong effect on the patients’ length of stay and the number of exited patients from the service. This work was based on the ED at Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital in Paris, France

Engineering Change Management: A novel approach for dependency identification and change propagation for product redesign

International audienceDuring their life cycle, products can be re-designed due to the requested changes. One or more changes can be applied to the products in order to improve, upgrade and adapt it to new requirements. These changes can have serious impacts. For one design change, some impacts can be predictable while others occur due to unexpected propagations on other parts of the product. Dealing with this risk, companies look for an approach to evaluate and model the propagation of changes impacts to minimize their consequences. The main objective of this work is to characterise this change impact by identification of the dependencies among product components, which is a first and necessary step to evaluate change propagation. We develop a novel approach based on Design Structure Matrix and graphs to identify and characterise the type of dependency existent between product parameters and compute the change propagation impacts. Our findings show that functional dependency is more detailed than quantitative and qualitative dependency characterisation, already used in the literature. A case of 2D geometric model of bicycle is presented at the end of paper

CIGI2011: A heuristic method for resource-constrained project scheduling with activity overlapping

International audienceThe overlapping of activities is a common practice to accelerate the execution of engineering projects. This technique consists in executing in parallel two activities, normally executed in a sequential way, by allowing the downstream activity to start before the end of the upstream activity based on preliminary information. In this paper, we propose a constructive heuristic for the resource-constrained project scheduling problem with overlapping modes (RCPSP-OM). Given a set of activities to execute, the RCPSP-OM consists in determining the order of execution in time of a set of activities so as to minimize the total project duration, while respecting precedence relations, resource constraints and overlapping possibilities. The heuristic implies that rework tasks related to overlapping are added to downstream activities and that the consumption of the resources is constant throughout the execution of the project (including rework). The method also considers that the possible overlapping modes for every couple of activities and the duration of rework tasks associated with every mode are known in advance. Results show that, when the objective consists in minimizing the project duration, the consideration of the costs associated to activity overlapping allows to significantly reducing the cost of reworks. On the other hand, when the objective consists in maximizing the gains related to the project execution, the search for the best trade-off between acceleration and increase of project costs enables to avoid losses