16 research outputs found
ADAPTIVE MAJORITY PROBLEMS FOR RESTRICTED QUERY GRAPHS AND FOR WEIGHTED SETS
Suppose that the vertices of a graph G are colored with two colors in an unknown way. The color that occurs on more than half of the vertices is called the majority color (if it exists), and any vertex of this color is called a majority vertex. We study the problem of finding a majority vertex (or show that none exists), if we can query edges to learn whether their endpoints have the same or different colors. Denote the least number of queries needed in the worst case by m(G). It was shown by Saks and Werman that m(K-n) = n - b(n) where b(n) is the number of 1's in the binary representation of n. In this paper we initiate the study of the problem for general graphs. The obvious bounds for a connected graph G on n vertices are n - b(n) <= m(G) <= n - 1. We show that for any tree T on an even number of vertices we have m(T) = n - 1, and that for any tree T on an odd number of vertices, we have n - 65 <= m (T) <= n - 2. Our proof uses results about the weighted version of the problem for K-n, which may be of independent interest. We also exhibit a sequence G(n) of graphs with m(G(n)) = n - b(n) such that the number of edges in G(n) is O(nb(n))
Spectral functions in the sigma-channel near the critical end point
Spectral functions in the -channel are investigated near the chiral
critical end point (CEP), that is, the point where the chiral phase transition
ceases to be first-ordered in the -plane of the QCD phase diagram. At
that point the meson becomes massless in spite of explicit breaking of
the chiral symmetry. It is expected that experimental signatures peculiar to
CEP can be observed through spectral changes in the presence of abnormally
light mesons. As a candidate, the invariant-mass spectrum for diphoton
emission is estimated with the chiral quark model incorporated. The results
show the characteristic shape with a peak in the low energy region, which may
serve as a signal for CEP. However, we find that the diphoton multiplicity is
highly suppressed by infrared behaviors of the meson. Experimentally,
in such a low energy region below the threshold of two pions, photons from
are major sources of the background for the signal.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 figure replaced, minor modification
Scalar density fluctuation at critical end point in NJL model
Soft mode near the critical end point in the phase diagram of two-flavor
Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model is investigated within the leading 1/N_c
approximation with N_c being the number of the colors. It is explicitly shown
by studying the spectral function of the scalar channel that the relevant soft
mode is the scalar density fluctuation, which is coupled with the quark number
density, while the sigma meson mode stays massive.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
The O(N) linear sigma model at finite temperature beyond the Hartree approximation
We study the O(N) linear sigma model with spontaneous symmetry breaking,
using a Hartree-like ansatz with a classical field and variational masses. We
go beyond the Hartree approximation by including the two-loop contribution, the
sunset diagram, using the 2PPI expansion. We have computed numerically the
effective potential at finite temperature. We find a phase transition of second
order, while it is first order in the Hartree approximation. We also discuss
some implications of the fact that in this order, the decay of the sigma into
two pions affects the thermal diagrams.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures. v2: minor corrections, some more references.
v3: added new set of data, new appendix. Submitted to Phys.Rev.
Flux tube dynamics in the dual superconductor
We study plasma oscillations in a flux tube of the dual superconductor model
of 't Hooft and Mandelstam. A magnetic condensate is coupled to an
electromagnetic field by its dual vector potential, and fixed electric charges
set up a flux tube. An electrically charged fluid (a quark plasma) flows in the
tube and screens the fixed charges via plasma oscillations. We investigate both
Type I and Type II superconductors, with plasma frequencies both above and
below the threshold for radiation into the Higgs vacuum. We find strong
radiation of electric flux into the superconductor in all regimes, and argue
that this invalidates the use of the simplest dual superconductor model for
dynamical problems.Comment: 25 pages Revtex with 11 EPS figure
Research Infrastructures offer capacity to address scientific questions never attempted before: Are all taxa equal?
A Hilton-Milner theorem for vector spaces
We show for k � 2 that if q � 3 and n � 2k + 1, or q = 2 and n � 2k + 2, then any intersecting family F of k-subspaces of an n-dimensional vector space over GF(q) with ⋂ F ∈F F = 0 has size at most [] n−1 k−1 − qk(k−1) [] n−k−1 k−1 + qk. This bound is sharp as is shown by Hilton-Milner type families. As an application of this result, we determine the chromatic number of the corresponding q-Kneser graphs