Evaluation the Impact Tilt Angle on the Sun Collectors

AbstractIn order to efficiently solve the problems created by the deepening energy crisis affecting Europe and the world, governments cannot neglect the opportunities of using the energy produced by sun collectors. In many of the EU countries there are sun collectors producing heat energy, e.g. in Austria more than 3,500,000m2 and in Germany more than 12,000,000m2 of sun collectors are operated [5]. The energy produced by these sun collectors is utilized at the place of production. In the near future governments will have to focus more on spreading and using sun collectors. Among the complex problems of operating sun collectors, this article deals with determining the optimal tilt angle of sun collectors. The tilt angles which we determined theoretically are confirmed by laboratory measurements. The result of our work will help users and engineers to determine the optimal operation of sun collectors

Single beam grating coupled interferometry: high resolution miniaturized label-free sensor for plate based parallel screening

Grating Coupled Interferometry (GCI) using high quality waveguides with two incoupling and one outcoupling grating areas is introduced to increase and precisely control the sensing length of the device; and to make the sensor design suitable for plate-based multiplexing. In contrast to other interferometric arrangements, the sensor chips are interrogated with a single expanded laser beam illuminating both incoupling gratings simultaneously. In order to obtain the interference signal, only half of the beam is phase modulated using a laterally divided two-cell liquid crystal modulator. The developed highly symmetrical arrangement of the interferometric arms increases the stability and at the same time offers straightforward integration of parallel sensing channels. The device characteristics are demonstrated for both TE and TM polarized modes. (C)2012 Optical Society of Americ