Bilobed right lung: a case of absent horizontal fissure

The human lungs are organs of respiration present in the greater part of thoracic cavity on each side of heart in the mediastinum resting on diaphragm. The right lung is classically divided into three lobes namely superior, middle and inferior by the oblique and horizontal fissures. The left lung is divided into superior and inferior lobes by a single deep oblique fissure. The fissures help in expansion of lungs during respiration. During the routine dissection of thoracic region of human cadaver, bilobed right lung with absent horizontal fissure was observed. The right lung was divided into superior and inferior lobe by a single oblique fissure. The left lung had normal anatomy in this case. The variations in the fissures and lobar pattern of lungs are common and are due to altered developmental process during intrauterine life. The anatomical knowledge of these disparities in fissures is important for clinicians prior to performing any pulmonary surgical procedures and to prevent postoperative complications.

Development and characterization of two cell lines PDF and PDH from Puntius denisonii (Day 1865)

The Puntius denisonii colloquially and more popularly referred to as Miss Kerala is a subtropical fish belonging to the genus Puntius (Barb) and family Cyprinidae. Two cell lines PDF and PDH were developed from the caudal fin and heart of P. denisonii, respectively. The cell lines were optimally maintained at 26°C in Leibovitz-15 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. A diploid count of 50 chromosomes at passage 50 was observed in both the cell lines. The high growth potential of the cell lines was reflected from the cell doubling time of 28 and 30 h of PDF and PDH cell lines, respectively. The viability of the PDF and PDH cell lines was 70% and 76%, respectively, after 4 mo of storage in liquid nitrogen (−196°C). The origin of the cell lines was confirmed by the amplification of 653 bp fragments of cytochrome oxidase subunit I of mitochondrial DNA genes

Ocular doppler imaging: opening a new window in decoding glaucoma

Background: In the aetiopathogenesis of multifactorial glaucoma autoregulation of ocular blood flow plays an important role as failure of autoregulation may lead to progression of disease. Aim of this study to understand this better this study was designed to investigate the quantum of these abnormalities and their likely role in pathogenesis and prognosis of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).Methods: This is a case control study design which involved 67 POAG patients and 67 matched controls. The parameters assessed includes peak systolic velocity(PSV), end diastolic velocity(EDV) and resistive index(RI) of ophthalmic artery(OA) and central retinal artery(CRA) of patients having POAG with age and sex matched healthy subjects. The data obtained was statistically analysed using IBM SPSS 21.Results: The study showed decreased PSV of 31.7 cm/s vs 42.7 cm/s(p=0.0001) and EDV11.7 cm/s vs 19.8 cm/s(p=0.002) with increased RI 0.63 vs 0.53(p=0.000) in  OA and PSV of 15.2 cm/s vs 21.4 cm/s(p=0.001) and EDV4.7 cm/s vs 11.7 cm/s(p=0.003) with increased RI 0.69 vs 0.45(p=0.000) in CRA in both eyes in POAG patients as compared to healthy controls.Conclusion: The study has shown the promising application of ocular Doppler in evaluating POAG patients. However, more such studies are needed with larger study sample and on follow up basis for better understanding glaucoma hemodynamics and applicability of ocular Doppler in management of glaucoma

Building a Llama2-finetuned LLM for Odia Language Utilizing Domain Knowledge Instruction Set

Building LLMs for languages other than English is in great demand due to the unavailability and performance of multilingual LLMs, such as understanding the local context. The problem is critical for low-resource languages due to the need for instruction sets. In a multilingual country like India, there is a need for LLMs supporting Indic languages to provide generative AI and LLM-based technologies and services to its citizens. This paper presents our approach of i) generating a large Odia instruction set, including domain knowledge data suitable for LLM fine-tuning, and ii) building a Llama2-finetuned model tailored for enhanced performance in the Odia domain. The proposed work will help researchers build an instruction set and LLM, particularly for Indic languages. We will release the model and instruction set for the public for research and noncommercial purposes

A hybrid approach for predicting transcription factors

Transcription factors are essential DNA-binding proteins that regulate the transcription rate of several genes and control the expression of genes inside a cell. The prediction of transcription factors with high precision is important for understanding biological processes such as cell differentiation, intracellular signaling, and cell-cycle control. In this study, we developed a hybrid method that combines alignment-based and alignment-free methods for predicting transcription factors with higher accuracy. All models have been trained, tested, and evaluated on a large dataset that contains 19,406 transcription factors and 523,560 non-transcription factor protein sequences. To avoid biases in evaluation, the datasets were divided into training and validation/independent datasets, where 80% of the data was used for training, and the remaining 20% was used for external validation. In the case of alignment-free methods, models were developed using machine learning techniques and the composition-based features of a protein. Our best alignment-free model obtained an AUC of 0.97 on an independent dataset. In the case of the alignment-based method, we used BLAST at different cut-offs to predict the transcription factors. Although the alignment-based method demonstrated excellent performance, it was unable to cover all transcription factors due to instances of no hits. To combine the strengths of both methods, we developed a hybrid method that combines alignment-free and alignment-based methods. In the hybrid method, we added the scores of the alignment-free and alignment-based methods and achieved a maximum AUC of 0.99 on the independent dataset. The method proposed in this study performs better than existing methods. We incorporated the best models in the webserver/Python Package Index/standalone package of “TransFacPred” (https://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/transfacpred)

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Not AvailableIn hilly areas, local population with their traditional knowledge utilize several medicinal herbs and plants parts for treating injuries and aliments of their livestock, agricultural crop and human population. Among these Pyrus pashia, commonly known as Indian pear or Mehal is hardy wild mid hill fruiting tree. Crude leave extract traditionally used for treating infection of toe finger particularly during rainy season. Fruit juice and ripe fruits of P. pashia used for treating eye injury and mouth sours. With a view to minimize use of chemical disinfectant in hatchery and to find out a locally available suitable herbal substitute for disinfecting trout eggs, present comparative study was undertaken to observe the effect of leaves extract of Pyrus pashia on egg survival and hatching during incubation phase.Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR

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Not AvailableLength–weight relationships (LWRs) are described for 21 fish species belonging to six families from different tributaries of the upland Ganga Basin in India. LWRs for five selected species were unknown to FishBase and new maximum lengths are recorded for 13 species. These results will be useful for fishery research, management and conservation in these tributaries of the Ganga River basin.Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR

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Not AvailableAmong the food fishes in the Kumaon Himalayan region of India, the carp, Labeo dyocheilus has high consumer preference as well as good market value. The fish belonging to the order Cypriniformes is in an endangered species. Successful breeding of L. dyocheilus (McClelland) by intramuscular administration of syn-thetic hormonal drug, ovaprim is reported. 90-95% fertilisation and high rate of hatching was observed. The performance of various facilities used for spawning and incubation process is discussed. Successful breeding of this fish enabled us to produce populations in the natural stream environment .Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe Kumaon region of India harbours a rich coldwater fish biodiversity. In the present communication, attempts were made to study the different types of fishing methods employed in the rivers/streams in this region. The study categorized ten conventional fishing methods followed by four each for commercial and destructive methods and three for recreational purposes. The study indicated that the indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) for fishing has been developed by the local fishermen. In some of these methods the fishermen used the behavioral pattern and microhabitat type used by the fish. The present information discusses the species specific and habitat specific methods utilized by the fishermen. The necessary suggestive measures for the sustainable exploitation of coldwater fish in the hilly region have been incorporated in this paper.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe present study describes the length–weight relationships (LWRs) of two important ornamental hill stream fishes, Barilius bendelisis and Barilius vagra (Hamilton), of northern India. A total of 630 specimens were collected from January to June 2011 in a spring-fed stream in Garhwal Himalaya, India. Information regarding LWRs of these species was not yet available in FishBase.Not Availabl