Discharge characteristics of a low-pressure geometrically asymmetric cylindrical capacitively coupled plasma with an axisymmetric magnetic field

We investigate the discharge characteristics of a low-pressure geometrically asymmetric cylindrical capacitively coupled plasma discharge with an axisymmetric magnetic field generating an EXB drift in the azimuthal direction. Vital discharge parameters, including electron density, electron temperature, DC self-bias, and Electron Energy distribution function (EEDF), are studied experimentally for varying magnetic field strength (B). A transition in the discharge asymmetry is observed along with a range of magnetic fields where the discharge is highly efficient with lower electron temperature. Outside this range of magnetic field, the plasma density drops, followed by an increase in the electron temperature. The observed behavior is attributed to the transition from geometrical asymmetry to magnetic field-associated symmetry due to reduced radial losses and plasma confinement in the peripheral region. In this region, the DC self-bias increases almost linearly from a large negative value to nearly zero, i.e., the discharge becomes symmetric. The EEDF undergoes a transition from bi-Maxwellian for unmagnetized to Maxwellian at intermediate B and finally becomes a weakly bi-Maxwellian at higher values of B. The above transitions present a novel way to independently control the ion energy and ion flux in a cylindrical CCP system using an axisymmetric magnetic field with an enhanced plasma density and lower electron temperature operation that is beneficial for plasma processing applications

In Vivo Antidiabetic Activities of Polyherbal Extracts against Streptozotocin- Nicotinamide Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice Model

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder and rapidly increasing cases of diabetes throughout the world are major concerns in both developed and developing countries. Currently available oral antidiabetic medicines have limitations in efficacy and safety, which in conjunction with the emergence of diabetes mellitus as a global epidemic have aided the popularity of alternative therapies to manage the disease safely and more efficiently. Herbal medicines are accepted as alternative therapies for blood sugar control. Gymnema sylvestre, Boerhavia diffusa, Tinospora cordifolia, and Argyreia nervosa are some potent herbs used for the management of diabetes. Mixing of these plants in different ratios may produce synergistic antidiabetic actions which may have greater antidiabetic activity. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the anti-diabetic activities of polyherbal extracts in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic mice. The administration of polyherbal extract orally at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly decreased the blood glucose levels compared to the control diabetic mice. The polyherbal extract significantly lowered the elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein levels, while increased the high-density lipoprotein indicating antihyperlipidemic activity. The present study reveals that polyherbal extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight resulted in a significant decline (p < 0.001) in blood glucose level. Keywords: Polyherbal extracts; diabetes mellitus; Oral glucose tolerance test; Streptozotocin-Nicotinamid

A Comprehensive Review Of Drug-Device Combination

<p>The trend of combining drugs and devices has brought about advancements in medical product development, regulatory approval, and business involvement. These combination products are designed with modern links between key technologies and complementary elements, while still maintaining their fundamental purpose. To better understand the benefits and drawbacks of these combination medications, we will look at case studies of drug-device stents and transdermal patches. It seems that this generation of combination products has created a new, high-value area, as evidenced by advancements in product control and the realization that the competitive advantage lies in the sophistication of the mix. Recent studies show that combining technology, medicine, and biologics creates a developing opportunity. According to our analysis, a new type of combination product's first product includes both the regulator and the sponsor. If this first product is granted a license, it can greatly reduce uncertainty around the entire class of combination medications, establishing a leading regulatory center. The sponsor of a new type of combination product is crucial in reducing uncertainty by helping decision-makers understand the fundamental objective of the combination product.</p&gt