Study of comparison of maternal and fetal outcomes in spontaneous labour and induced labour

Background: There has been consistent proportionate increase in the cases of induction of labor, but both maternal and neonatal effects of it remain poorly analysed previously. The present study was undertaken with the objective of comparison of maternal and fetal outcomes between groups of patients undergoing induction of labor and those having spontaneous labor.Methods: In this comparative prevalence study, the participants selected by predefined criteria were divided into 2 groups on the basis of progression of labor. They were spontaneous labor (group A) and induction of labor (group B). All the participants were assessed for various relevant maternal and neonatal outcomes and valid comparisons drawn.Results: A total of 1300 participants were studied. Proportion of patients requiring caesarean section was significantly higher in induction group (39.17%) against the spontaneous labor group (15.37%), with fetal distress being the commonest indication in both groups. The commonest complication noted was postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) (2.96% in group A and 1.98% in group B, p<0.05). Mean birth weight of babies was 2.76±0.42 kgs in spontaneous labor group and 2.68±0.48 kgs in induction of labor group (p>0.05). Incidences of NICU admissions and neonatal deaths were significantly higher in induction of labor group.Conclusions: Induction of labor should be employed judiciously by assessing the maternal and fetal condition and confirming relevant indication and should only be done if continuation of pregnancy is relatively more hazardous to either mother or baby

Knowledge of Cancer cervix and its causative agents among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adolescent women in rural Medical College in Maharashtra, India

Background: The aim of this study is to examine the knowledge of human papilloma virus (HPV) and cervical cancer among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected female adolescents attending Antenatal OPD in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Medical College, Miraj, Maharashtra, India.Methods: Subjects were recruited randomly from OPD attending patients.  A total of 30 subjects, 15 HIV-infected and 15 HIV-uninfected were selected via randomization and completed a measure of HPV knowledge, based on a previously validated instrument. The study took place in December 2017.Results: The overall mean score on the measure for all subjects was 43.3% (S.D. 10.9). There was no significant difference in HPV knowledge between the HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected groups. Based on results from a previous large-scale study using the same validated measure, this sample scored significantly worse on general HPV knowledge than samples from the other studies.Conclusions: Given the limited knowledge of HPV in this sample, there is greater need for education about the prevention of cervical cancer, specifically among high-risk adolescent women

Surgical challenges in unusual fibroids - a case series

Uterine leiomyoma are benign monoclonal tumours arising from smooth muscle tissue. There are different types of fibroids depending on the location of fibroid. There are various operative challenges in long standing huge fibroids on abnormal location. Surgical difficulties associated with these cases are due to poor access to the operative field, distorted anatomy, difficulty in suturing the repairs, increased blood loss. It is an art and skill to surgically remove these difficult fibroids and do difficult hysterectomies. Here we present case series of 7 cases, we have described variety of fibroid at different ages, presentations, precautions and also surgical challenges and the steps to overcome them successfully. Case 1- cervical fibroid, case 2- submucosal fibroid polyp, case 3- Bulky uterus with fundal fibroid during vaginal hysterectomy, case 4- broad ligament fibroid, case 5- multiple fibroids, case 6- multiple subserosal fibroids during caesarean section, and case 7- giant fibroid. Different types of fibroids are tackled in different ways. So, fibroid mapping by imaging studies and also ureteric stenting preoperatively whenever needed, helps to prevent untoward injuries. Following principles of surgery in any difficult fibroids leads to successful management and also helps to prevent injuries to the urinary tract and avoiding intra operative blood loss

Observational study of scalpel versus electrocautery for subcutaneous incision in elective gynaecological surgeries

Background: Considering higher rate of postoperative wound complications in Government set up hospitals, this study was an attempt to compare incision time, incisional blood loss, hospital stay, post-operative pain and postoperative wound complications when subcutaneous tissue is opened with either scalpel or electrocautery in elective gynaecological surgeries after keeping all other clinical and surgical variables same i.e. age, BMI, haemoglobin, incision depth and hospital stay.Methods: This was a prospective observational comparative study conducted in one of the tertiary teaching hospital in Western Maharashtra, India over 12 months. All patients (n=100) were divided into 2 groups. Group A in which skin and subcutaneous tissue was dissected by using scalpel and Group B in which after skin, anterior abdominal wall was opened by using electrocautery. Data analyzed for indication, incisional blood loss, incision time, postoperative pain, wound complications and hospital stay.Results: There were no significant association between preoperative diagnosis and the development of a post-operative wound complications. Mean incision blood loss was found to be significantly higher in group A compared to group B patients. Postoperative pain was significantly higher in group A (P value <0.05). Among wound complications, no statistically significant differences were seen regarding wound complications for the two groups.Conclusions: Electrosurgical dissection for abdominal incision is safe, less time consuming and with less blood loss during subcutaneous incision and produces less postoperative pain. We conclude that the method of subcutaneous tissue incision was unrelated to the development of postoperative abdominal incision problems

Neurobiological Divergence of the Positive and Negative Schizophrenia Subtypes Identified on a New Factor Structure of Psychopathology Using Non-negative Factorization:An International Machine Learning Study

ObjectiveDisentangling psychopathological heterogeneity in schizophrenia is challenging and previous results remain inconclusive. We employed advanced machine-learning to identify a stable and generalizable factorization of the “Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)”, and used it to identify psychopathological subtypes as well as their neurobiological differentiations.MethodsPANSS data from the Pharmacotherapy Monitoring and Outcome Survey cohort (1545 patients, 586 followed up after 1.35±0.70 years) were used for learning the factor-structure by an orthonormal projective non-negative factorization. An international sample, pooled from nine medical centers across Europe, USA, and Asia (490 patients), was used for validation. Patients were clustered into psychopathological subtypes based on the identified factor-structure, and the neurobiological divergence between the subtypes was assessed by classification analysis on functional MRI connectivity patterns.ResultsA four-factor structure representing negative, positive, affective, and cognitive symptoms was identified as the most stable and generalizable representation of psychopathology. It showed higher internal consistency than the original PANSS subscales and previously proposed factor-models. Based on this representation, the positive-negative dichotomy was confirmed as the (only) robust psychopathological subtypes, and these subtypes were longitudinally stable in about 80% of the repeatedly assessed patients. Finally, the individual subtype could be predicted with good accuracy from functional connectivity profiles of the ventro-medial frontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, and precuneus.ConclusionsMachine-learning applied to multi-site data with cross-validation yielded a factorization generalizable across populations and medical systems. Together with subtyping and the demonstrated ability to predict subtype membership from neuroimaging data, this work further disentangles the heterogeneity in schizophrenia

Waste packaging polymeric foam for oil-water separation: An environmental remediation

Nowadays, its urgent need to develop and fabricate efficient, low cost, eco-friendly, oil-water separation methodologies especially for variety of polluted water in the environments. To deals with serious oil spills and industrial organic pollutants, here in we have developed a highly efficient oil-water separation methodology by using waste material such as expanded polyethylene (EPE) polymeric foam which is most commonly used for packaging as a shock absorber and most abundantly available in the surroundings as waste. Oil-water separation setup was fabricated by using waste EPE polymeric foam without any pre-treatment. By simply scratching, special properties (wettability performance) such as hydrophobicity, leophilicity, and low water adhesion was imparted to the EPE polymeric foam. The different types of oil-water mixture used for the study and separation were achieved almost up to 78%. The oil absorption efficiency of the EPE polymeric foam was within range of 0.491–0.788 g/g. In addition to efficient oil-water separation, the modified EPE polymeric foam exhibited fast and continuous oil-water separation solely by gravity. The easy operation, chemical durability, and efficiency of the waste EPE polymeric foam give it high potential for use in industrial and consumer applications for large scale oil-water separation. Keywords: Waste, Packaging foam, Oil-water separation, Removal, Wastewater, Environmental remediatio

Hydrothermal synthesis of WO3 film on rough surface to analyze methanol gas at room temperature

In this paper, we synthesized WO _3 thick films on a rough and smooth glass substrate by hydrothermal method and then heated to a temperature of 400-degree Celcius. Characteristic techniques such as XRD and SEM analysis were sequenced to determine the crystallite size and grain composition of the finished samples, respectively. We have discussed the results of the Rietveld refinement made using MAUD to determine useful information regarding the atomic sites, mesh parameters, and micro-stresses in the sample. Subsequently, FTIR analysis has been performed to note the critical bond vibrations associated with the material. AFM studies have also been included to determine the pore sizes and understand the surface-level differences between WO _3 films on rough and smooth substrates. The room temperature gas sensing mechanism was then discussed in the presence of humidity with methanol, ethanol, and benzene along with most of the targeted gases with different selective parameters at atmospheric pressure. We have tried to develop a theory incorporating the anomalous observation for the methanol gas sensing experiment and explained the future scope of this work

Characterization of Canine Retina Using High-Throughput Sequencing

We performed transcriptome sequencing of canine retinal tissue by 454 GS-FLX and Ion Torrent PGM platforms. RNA-Seq analysis by CLC Genomics Workbench mapped expression of 10,360 genes. Gene ontology analysis of retinal transcriptome revealed abundance of transcripts known to be involved in vision associated processes. The de novo assembly of the sequences using CAP3 generated 29,683 contigs with mean length of 560.9 and N50 of 619 bases. Further analysis of contigs predicted 3,827 fulllength cDNAs and 29,481 (99%) open reading frames (ORFs). In addition, 3,782 contigs were assigned to 316 KEGG pathways which included melanogenesis, phototransduction, and retinol metabolism with 33, 15, and 11 contigs, respectively. Among the identified microsatellites, dinucleotide repeats were 68.84%, followed by trinucleotides, tetranucleotides, pentanucleotides, and hexanucleotides in proportions of 25.76, 9.40, 2.52, and 0.96%, respectively. This study will serve as a valuable resource for understanding the biology and function of canine retina