Thermal Analysis of Vertical Heated Cylindrical Surface Employing V - Shape Fin Surfaces

Natural convection is an important and economical mode of heat transfer .It is used in many of the engineering applications such as cooling of electronic components, cooling of Printed circuit boards, HVAC & R, I.C. engines fins, radiators of automobiles etc. Some of these heat sinks are cylindrical in shape. The heat that is produced in such system that conducts through the walls surfaces is need to be continuously dissipated to the surrounding atmosphere to keep the system in steady state condition. More quantities of heat have to be dissipated from small area as heat transfer by convection between a surface and the fluid surroundings. It can be improved by attaching fins or by use of some form of extended surfaces. V shape fin geometries have been selected for cooling such cylindrical surfaces or heat sinks. Initially the dimensions for the vertical cylinder with array of v shape fins have been obtained. Computational analysis of array of v shape fins over vertical heated cylinder have been studied by using Ansys software. The results reveal that the 60-degree V-shaped fins exhibit the highest natural convection heat transfer coefficient, owing to their streamlined flow-promoting characteristics. These V-shaped fins act as flow turbulators, causing minimal air obstruction and, consequently, enhancing heat dissipation. The computational findings are further validated by comparing them with analytical results, affirming the effectiveness of this approach in improving heat transfer from cylindrical surfaces. This research contributes to the understanding and optimization of natural convection heat transfer in cylindrical systems utilizing V-shaped fins, demonstrating its potential for enhancing thermal performance in various engineering application

1-(2,4-Dichloro­phen­yl)-3-[4-(dimethyl­amino)phen­yl]prop-2-enone

In the title compound, C17H15Cl2NO, the dimethyl­amino­phenyl group is close to coplanar with the central propenone group [dihedral angle = 13.1 (1)° between the mean planes], while the dichloro­phenyl group is twisted from the plane [dihedral angle = 64.0 (1)°]. In the crystal, C—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯π inter­actions are formed between mol­ecules

Seasonal gonadal changes in adult freshwater mussel, Parreysia favidens Var. Marcens (Benson)

1. Seasonal gonadal changes in adult mussels were observed. 2. The spawning starts in the month of March and continues up to October indicating a prolonged breeding period. 3. After the start of the spawning, lipid globules appear in the lumen of the follicles. 4. In the male, spermatocytical morulae appear after the start of the spawning. 5. No indeterminate sex condition or hermaphroditism is noticed

Preparation Of Mixed Ligand Complexes Of Cerium (III) Metal Using Multidentate Ligands And Investigation Of Their Physicochemical, Spectral, Thermal, And Antibacterial Properties.

This study involves the synthesis and characterization of Cerium (III) Mixed-ligand complexes employing 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde oxime (BO) as the primary ligand and organic compounds 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid (L1) , 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid  (L2) , 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid  (L3) ,  2-Amino-3-sulfhydrylpropanoic acid  (L4) as secondary ligands. The resulting complexes exhibit a brown color and display stability, as evidenced by conductometric measurements indicating non-electrolyte behavior. FTIR analysis reveals coordination through O and N donor atoms, while thermogravimetric studies highlight stability with coordinated water molecules, supported by high decomposition temperatures. UV studies demonstrate intra-ligand and ligand-to-metal charge transfer transitions. Elemental analysis confirms a 1:2:1 ratio for the complexes. Antibacterial assays using agar cup and tube dilution methods affirm the complexes' antibacterial activity against specific bacterial strains

Assessing Efficiency of White Seedless Grape Vineyards for Table Grape Production

Efficiency of two table grape vineyards each of Thompson Seedless and Tas-A-Ganesh located around Nashik, Maharashtra, were assessed over two cropping seasons based on a score-card developed assigning weights and matrices for various attributes of yield and quality, in accordance with their relative contribution going by established facts on a 100 point scale. The objectives of the study were to draw up a benchmark to evaluate the efficiency of table grape vineyards, analyze the reason for low efficiency, and suggest remedial measures. In addition to the yield, bunch and berry characters are important in table grape production. Skilful management of attributes for yield and quality using available technologies determines efficiency of a vineyard. In general, the efficiency of vineyards was better during the 2014-15 cropping season compared to 2013-14, and that of 'Thompson Seedless' vineyards was higher than Tas-AGanesh. In 'Thompson Seedless', efficiency of Vineyard-1 was better than Vineyard-2 as also in Tas-A-Ganesh. Based on their total score, individual vineyards were ranked as Excellent/Very good/Good/Average/ Below average, year wise. Lacunae in management leading to poor scores were identified to serve as a guide to improvement

Effect of Cane Regulation and GA3 Spray on Berry Thinning in 'Thompson Seedless' Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

A field trial was conducted during 2013-14 and 2014-15 fruiting seasons in growers' vineyards around Nashik, Maharashtra, India to improve efficacy of GA3 sprays in berrythinning. As smaller clusters have fewer berries, cluster compactness derived at by number of berries per unit length (cm) of rachis, and, berry-diameter were considered as a measure of berry-thinning. As GA3 effect in berry-thinning is stage-specific, canes uniformly thick in a vine only were retained to achieve uniformity in flowering, by inducing uniform bud-break. Cane regulation did not result in uniformity in bud-break or flowering. Blanket spray of GA3 thrice @ 20g a.i./ha, each coupled with either removal of non-uniform canes or retention of all the canes could effectively reduce cluster compactness by reducing number of berries per cluster, without increasing total length of the rachis/cluster or berry diameter. Vine yield and quality in terms of total soluble solids and acid content were not affected by the treatments. Considering cluster-compactness, yield and ease of cultural operations, retention of all the canes in a vine, coupled with three blanket sprays each of GA3 @ 20g a.i/ha, on alternate days commencing from initiation of the bloom, is recommended for 'Thompson Seedless'

Increasing the Efficacy of GA3 Sprays in Cluster Elongation and Berry Thinning in Tas-A-Ganesh Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in Tropical Viticulture

In view of the stage specificity for the efficacy of blanket sprays of GA3 for berry thinning, a field trial was laid out to achieve uniform flowering in Tas-A-Ganesh grapevines subjected to chemical defoliation prior to and hydrogen cyanamide application at fruit pruning in the double pruning and single cropping system during 2013-14 and 2014-15 fruiting seasons in growers’ vineyards around Nashik, Maharashtra by removing the un-uniformly thick canes. GA3 at different doses was sprayed two or three times to address the variation in uniform flowering, if any in cluster elongation and reducing the berry number/cluster. Cane regulation and GA3 sprays were used to achieve uniformity in bud break and flowering. Cluster compactness was derived by multiplying the number of berries/ cm length of rachis with berry diameter. Regression analysis of the variation has revealed that the cane diameter, through uniformity in bud break, influenced the uniformity in flowering which in turn influenced the cluster compactness through increased efficacy of blanket GA3 sprays in reducing the berry number/ cluster. Based on the optimum values of the contributory factors to cluster compactness, cane removal coupled with two blanket sprays of GA3 @ 30 g a.i./ha or retention of all canes coupled with three blanket sprays of GA3 @ 20 g a.i./ha was found to be ideal to obtain loose to well filled clusters. Taking together into account the effect of treatments on cluster compactness, yield and quality, retention of all canes coupled with three sprays of GA3 @ 20 g a.i./ha was considered appropriate for table grape production in Tas-A-Ganesh cv. of grapes