Intravenous paracetamol infusion versus intramuscular tramadol as an intra-partum labor analgesic

We read with interest the article “Intravenous paracetamol infusion versus intramuscular tramadol as an intra-partum labor analgesic” by Mohan H et al published in November - December 2015, volume 4 issue 6 of International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology

OVERVIEW OF FORMULATION, MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATIONS OF MINI TABLETS

Mini tablets, recent trend of solid dosage form, made remarkable contribution to avoid certain obstacles in people’s mind and offered best therapeutic benefits, flexible dose and combined released pattern. Mini tablets were developed and reported as patient friendly with increased patient acceptance. Mini tablets were made into modified release system for better dose and prolong drug release. They offer the advantage of reduced dose dumping and increased effect of drug by localization. Manufacture of mini tablets are similar to conventional tablets but need a change in tooling, equipment and specifications. Evaluation parameters found to be similar with conventional tablets but doses are variable. Mini tablets can also be encapsulated and hence different drug combinations are tried and found useful

Uterine didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly - OHVIRA syndrome: a rare congenital anomaly

OHVIRA or Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by uterine anomaly with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly. We present a case of 16 year female who presented with cyclical lower abdominal pain. Ultrasonography and computed tomography in this patient revealed classic triad of findings. Our case is significant as the diagnosis was made at an earlier stage of the disease before development of gross obstruction and hematometrocolpos.

Large duplicated gallbladder: a rare congenital anomaly

Gall bladder duplication is a rare congenital anomaly, which may be asymptomatic or may present with disorders similar to that of a single gall bladder. The finding is important due to its association with biliary ductal and hepatic arterial anatomical variations, which may lead to inadvertent complications during laparoscopic surgery. We present a case of duplicated gallbladder with one of the gall bladder appearing large, elongated and coiled, without signs of cholelithiasis / cholecystitis. MRCP was helpful in tracing the two cystic ducts. This case emphasizes on importance of pre-operative anatomical delineation with MRCP in unsuspecting cases in order to minimize the incidence of post surgical complications

Tuberous sclerosis with giant renal angiomyolipoma and sclerotic skeletal lesions in a geriatric patient: role of imaging

Tuberous sclerosis is a rare inherited neurocutaneous syndrome, which has multisystem involvement. We present a geriatric female patient with chronic abdominal pain who was diagnosed with giant renal angiomyolipoma (AML) and multiple sclerotic skeletal lesions. Radiological imaging played an important role in identifying these two features and diagnosing tuberous sclerosis in our case

Bilateral ovarian cystic lymphangioma with chylous ascitis in pregnancy - a rare case report with review

Bilateral lymphangioma of the ovary being an extremely rare lesion, with chylous ascites and full term pregnancy, this is the first ever case in the world to be reported. Chylous ascites with pregnancy only 5 cases have been reported earlier. And above all, only 20 cases of ovarian lymphangioma are reported in the literature so far. Lymphangioma is usually asymptomatic and unilateral, presenting as an incidental finding during routine gynaecologic procedures. It is made up of aggregates of lymphatic spaces in ovarian stroma and the endothelial cells lining these spaces. The main differential diagnosis is an adenomatoid tumour which can be differentiated from the lymphangioma by immunohistochemical studies. We report this rare lesion in a case of 28 years old primigravida with 37 weeks of gestation with pregnancy induced hypertension with acute distension of abdomen with respiratory distress

Comparative Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Two Newer Composite Resin Materials: An in Vitro Study

Objective: To evaluate in vitro the flexural strength of two newer composite resin materials. Material and Methods: Twenty-four samples were equally divided into two groups: G1 - Brilliant EverGlow and G2: Brilliant NG. The rectangular blocks of 25 mm in length, 2 mm in width and thickness were prepared from two composite materials. Blocks were created by applying composites to a customized split mold and formed between two parallel glass plates. Before light-curing, blocks were covered with Mylar strips and rinsed for 10 seconds in water. Subsequently, they were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37ºC and 100% humidity before testing. Each sample was placed within a suitable framework of aluminum. The length of gap between the support was 21 mm and the speed of crosshead at 1 mm/minute. The data were subjected to an independent t-test. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. Results: A less flexural strength was observed in G1 (77.43 Mpa) compared to G2 (118.70 Mpa) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Universal nanohybrid composite resin material was found to have greater flexural strength than universal submicron hybrid composite material

Study of demographic features in retropositive pregnant women

Background: Study of demographic features like age, educational status of the patient and her husband, occupation of the patient and her husband and religion of the retropositive pregnant women compared to controls.Methods: In this prospective study patients were selected from Vani Vilas Hospital attached to Bangalore Medical College attending the antenatal Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The study period was for 2 years. The study group comprised of 100 HIV seropositive patients. The control group comprised of 100 HIV seronegative patients. At enrollment, data collection of demographic features like age, educational status of the patient and her husband, occupation of patient and her husband, and religion of the retropositive pregnant women compared to controls.Results: The minimum and maximum age in the study group was 18 and 36 years respectively and in the control group 17 and 35 years respectively. Around 73% of pregnant women in the study group were below 25 years of age. 89% of pregnant women in the study group were Hindus. Around 36% of women in the study group were illiterate compared to 21% in the control group. Around 45% of women in the control group have studied till secondary school. In this study, most of the women in both the groups were housewives. There was one commercial sex worker and 8 women had polygamous relationship in the study group. The occupational pattern of the husbands was analyzed and 34% of the husbands of HIV positive women were drivers. 56% of the husbands in the study group admitted to have had multiple sexual partners, whereas only 9% admitted so, in the control group.Conclusions: Retropositive pregnant women were younger; most of them were house wives. Husbands of retropositive pregnant women were drivers and most of them had multiple sexual partners

Review on the induction of obesity in laboratory animals

AbstractValid animal models are initial essential for successful screening of novel therapeutic strategies against all types of diseases. Development or selection of an animal model that resembles the human disease process and symptoms is dependent on a robust knowledge of the natural history and pathogenesis of the disease. The use of animal models thus becomes to understand the underlying physiological and genetic basis of energy regulation, taste and smell perception and food choice behaviour. Obesity is chronic metabolic disorder results from multiple etiologies like genetic, physiological, epigenetic and environmental factors. Animal models of obesity include direct measurement of food intake to long-term studies in animals exhibiting continuous overconsumption of food containing high calories and fat. It is of prime importance that we must choose the right models with high face, construct and predictive validity. Failing to select and use appropriate animal models impede successful discovery and development of safer and more potent therapeutics and wastage of money and time. We have thus provided a short review on currently available animal models of obesity. We discuss different method of induction of obesity in laboratory animals as well as the transgenic animals used in antiobesity drug discovery.Â

Garbhasanskara : Boon for pregnant woman

Purpose: As the good nutritional food provides physical health, the unborn child in the womb require Sanskara to acquire mental health to thrive. The activity of mother during pregnancy in the form of prayer (good rational thoughts), Manshakti (positive emotion), conversation with fetus (talk) or expressing feeling (touch) is not only recognised by unborn baby but it has a positive effects on physical and mental health. Hence, Garbhasanskara is scientific way of moulding mental health of unborn child. Method: Ayurveda classics, textbook of obstetrics and internet publications were consulted and reviewed for carrying out the present work. Result: The sanskrit word 'Garbha' means fetus in the womb and Sanskara means educating the mind. So, Garbhasanskara essentially means educating the mind of the fetus. The fundamental principle underlying Garbhasanskara is that unborn baby is able to sense, feel, listen, dream, respond to outside stimulus. Even, Ancient Indian medicine has recognized the need for the mental, spiritual and physical preparation of mother-to-be for the momentous event of childbirth. Ayurveda describes this theory as "Supraja Janan" or eu-maternity. This "Supraja Janan" involves the preparation of couple planning pregnancy, 3 months prior to conception. It can be achieved by regular practice of Garbhasanskara which includes music therapy, Mantra therapy, proper Ahara and Vihara, Yoga and meditation. To develop the desired qualities in the baby every mother should follow the process of Garbhasanskara. Discussion: Garbhasanskara is a process of nurturing the baby in womb. It is also process of training the baby as well as mothers mind during pregnancy. It helps in positive state of mind throughout pregnancy, enhances chances of normal delivery, good health of mother during pre and post conception upto delivery and pregnancy occurs without any complication which is the need of current situation due to unhealthy lifestyle habits. So, a broad expanse of this is described in the present paper