IN VITRO EVALUATION OF CYTOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF PLANT EXTRACTS FROM NOTHAPODYTES FOETIDA (WIGHT) SLEUMER (FAMILY: ICACINACEAE)

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of aqueous and methanolic extracts of the aerial parts of Nothapodytes foetida (Wight) Sleumer plant.Methods: The cytotoxic effects of aqueous and methanol extract of leaves and stem bark on cell viability of HeLa, MCF7, and HCT-15 cell lines was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay. We also confirmed the genotoxic effects of plant extracts through DNA fragmentation in cancer cells and expression pattern of apoptotic genes including p53 and caspase-3 analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting techniques.Results: The present study revealed that, when plant extract was tested for cytotoxic activity, the data obtained from cell viability results of HeLa and MCF7 cells revealed that methanol extract of leaves and stem bark exhibited a range of significant cytotoxic activities in a dose-dependent manner varying from 2.5 to 25 μg/mL, whereas an aqueous extract of leaves and stem bark showed decreased cell viability with an increase in the concentration of both the extracts from 5 to 50 μg/mL.Conclusion: These results indicated that the crude extract aerial parts of N. foetida plant contain promising substances having a potential as cytotoxic agent

To assess the role of multisite instillation of bupivacaine-xylocaine combination for reducing post-operative pain after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: Pain following laparoscopic surgery is multifactorial, arising from trocar sites (somatic pain), operative site (visceral pain) and shoulder pain (referred from diaphragmatic irritation because of pneumo-peritoneum). Currently no standard of care exists to reduce post-operative pain by use of local analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Despite many studies, there are contradictory results. Aim of the study was to assess whether instillation of local anaesthetics at trocar sites and intraperitoneally, reduces the amount of pain experienced in the immediate postoperative period after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of General Surgery in a tertiary medical Centre in Mumbai. 75 subjects were randomized into 2 groups. Group A consisting of 38 patients were subjected to multisite instillation of LA combination (bupivacaine+xylocaine) at trocar site, gall bladder fossa, sub diaphragmatic space. Group B, (control group) consisting of 37 patients was given no such LA. Post operatively, pain was assessed by VAS scale (0-100) at 1,4,24 hours. Both the groups were compared and analysed.Results: Group A showed significantly reduced pain scores at 1, 4 and 24 hours post operatively as compared to group B.Conclusions: Our results indicate that multisite infiltration of local anesthetic combination (bupivacaine+xylocaine) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery significantly reduces pain at 1, 4 and 24 hours postoperatively

Disease Prevalence Due to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) and Molecular Nature of G Gene in Different Geographical Region of India: 2005-2022

Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading pediatric respiratory pathogen with high morbidity in the first year of life. The morbidity is particularly high in developing countries. it is the most common cause of infant hospitalization and causes a high burden of disease in the elderly. India is a country with vast geographical differences their unique climatic conditions. So, the prevalence of human RSV in different geographical regions is partially understood for a long time.  This review was performed by using a different search engine like Google schooler, PubMed, etc. Significant prevalence and specific RSV virus strain circulation were major keywords used for the search in the Indian pediatric population. Annual incidence rates of RSV–associated hospitalization per 1000 children were highest among infants aged 0–5 months, followed by ages 6–23 months, and lowest among children 24–59 months. hRSV was a substantial cause of hospitalization among children aged < 24 months especially those aged <6 months. Prevalence varies from 2.1% to 44% in different geographical regions. hRSV has a more broadly distributed peak timing. numerous studies of the correlation between climatic factors and hRSV incidence across latitudes found variable and inconsistent correlations between hRSV incidence & temperature, and relative humidity in different parts of the tropical region.However, genotypes ON1, NA1, GA5, and GA2 in the hRSV-A group and group hRSV-B BA, BA9, and BA12 were predominantly circulated in India

Sludge Management Using PLC.

The PLC is programmable logical controller used for controlling robotic arm through controlling the pneumatic operated valves. The PLC is having the output as well as input module the input module is having signals from sensors and power supply. The output module is gives the signals to pneumatic cylinders. The control panel is a panel in which all the buttons and series of relay, power supply section. Buttons are like start and stop is used to control operational cycle

Association of genetic polymorphisms in XRCC4, XRCC5, XRCC6 and XRCC7 in cervical cancer susceptibility from rural population: a hospital based case-control study

Background: Cervical cancer is a major concern of health risk, moreover the leading cause of cancer causing deaths in women of rural India. This study was aimed to assess the risk of cervical cancer development in association with polymorphisms in XRCC4, XRCC5, XRCC6 and XRCC7 genes in rural population of south-western Maharashtra.Methods: This study included 350 cervical cancer proven cases and 400 age and sex matched controls. We used polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to analyze the association XRCC4, XRCC6 and XRCC7 gene polymorphisms with cervical cancer development in women of Western Maharashtra.Results: The result from our study showed that allele frequencies of selected genes were not statistically different between the groups for XRCC4, XRCC5 and XRCC6. 6721 >T allele of XRCC7 (6721G>T) (OR= 2.34; 95% CI= (2.34 (1.60-3.43); p= <0.0001) significantly increased the risk of cervical cancer.Conclusions: This study indicates that XRCC7 gene polymorphisms play a role in modifying genetic susceptibility of individuals towards cervical cancer among women from rural Maharashtra. This case-control study also revealed negative association of XRCC6 gene in cervical carcinogenesis in the rural Indian population

Assessment of role of genetic polymorphisms in XRCC1, XRCC2 and XRCC3 genes in cervical cancer susceptibility from a rural population: a hospital based case-control study from Maharashtra, India

Background: Cervical cancer is a major concern of health risk, moreover the leading cause of cancer causing deaths in women of rural parts of India. This study was aimed to assess the risk of cervical cancer development in association with polymorphisms in X-Ray Cross Complementing Group (XRCC1, XRCC2 and XRCC3) genes in the rural population of south-western Maharashtra. We focused to determine the frequency of polymorphisms in DNA repair genes including XRCC1 at codon (cd) 194, cd 280, cd 399, XRCC2 at cd 188 and XRCC3 at cd 241 and their plausible role in cervical cancer risk from rural parts of India.Methods: This study included 350 proven cases with cervical cancer and 400 age and sex matched controls. We used polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to analyze the association XRCC1, XRCC2 and XRCC3 gene polymorphisms with cervical cancer development in women of South-Western Maharashtra.Results: The result from our study showed that allele frequencies of selected genes were not statistically different between the groups for XRCC1 Trp194, XRCC2 His188 and XRCC3 Met241. XRCC1 His280 (OR= 4.36; 95% CI= (3.20-5.95); p= <0.0001) and XRCC1 Gln399 (OR= 2.99; 95% CI= (1.60-5.56); p= <0.0001) genotypes significantly increased the risk of cervical cancer.Conclusions: This study indicates that polymorphisms in cd 280 of exon 9 and cd 399 of exon 10 of XRCC1 gene could play a role in modifying genetic susceptibility of individuals towards cervical cancer among women from rural Maharashtra. This case-control study suggest that selected DNA repair genes represent genetic determinants in cervical carcinogenesis along with other risk factors in the rural Indian population

Identification of genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair xenoderma pigmentosum group D gene and its association with head and neck cancer susceptibility in rural Indian population: a hospital based case-control study from south-western Maharashtra, India

Background: Smoking and alcohol related head and neck cancer is a major concern of health risk in developing countries, such as India. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of polymorphisms in DNA repair gene, xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD) at codon (cd) 156, cd199, cd320, cd751 in patients of oral cancer from South-Western Maharashtra, India and to evaluate their association with oral cancer development.Methods: We used polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to analyze XPD gene polymorphisms in 320 patients with oral cancer and in 400 age and sex matched disease-free controls.Results: There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution between oral cancer patients and controls for each polymorphism (p>0.05) except XPD199. The result from our study showed that allele frequencies of selected genes were not statistically different between the groups for XPD Arg156, XPD Asn320, XPD Gln751. XPDMet199 (OR=29.44; 95% CI= (18.47-46.92); p≤0.0001) genotypes significantly increased the risk of head and neck cancer.Conclusions: This study indicates that polymorphisms in cd199 of XPD gene could play a role in modifying genetic susceptibility of individual to head and neck cancer inMaharashtra patients. Thus, the case-control study suggest that selected DNA repair genes represent genetic determinants in oral carcinogenesis along with other risk factors in the rural Indian population.

Association of Genetic Variants in XPC and XPG Genes with Cervical Cancer Risk in a Rural Population: A Hospital Based Case Control Study

Background: Cervical cancer is a major concern of health risk in urban and rural parts of India.. Aim and Objectives: This study was aimed to find out frequency of polymorphisms in DNA repair genes including Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) and Xenoderma pigmentosum complementation group G (XPG) in patients of cervical cancer from Maharashtra and to evaluate their association with risk of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: We used polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to examine gene polymorphisms in 350 patients with cancer of cervix and 400 age and sex matched normal controls. Results: The results obtained indicated that there was no significant difference in the genotype distribution between cervical cancer patients and controls for XPC Lys939Gln, -371promoter and XPG His 1104 Asp. The result showed that genotype frequencies of XPC Val 499 Arg of codon 499 in exon 15 (OR=4.26; 95% CI=(3.007-6.03); p= <0.0001) were increased significantly. Conclusion: This study indicates that polymorphisms in Val499Arg haplotype of XPC gene appear to influence genetic susceptibility of individual to cervical cancer in Maharashtrian patients

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570