Nodal anatomical study in some Rubiaceae

Anatomies of the nodes belonging to 20 species 11 genera of the family Rubiaceae are investigated. Of these, 16 species exhibited trilacunar, three-traced supply to the leaves. In case of Canthium coromandelicum, Gardenia latifolia, G. longistyla, the nodes show five-lacunar, five-traced supply. In Luculia gratissiuma, they are unilacunar, one-traced. Variation in emergence of median and lateral traces however, is observed. It is the median trace that departs first in 15 species; whereas in the rest others lateral traces emerge earlier, except Luculia gratissima wherein the node being unilacunar, one-traced only. The stipule usually receives vascular supply from the lateral traces. However in Luculia gratissima, it is the solitary trace that bears vascular supply to them. The present authors are inclined to regard the unilacunar, one-traced supply basic for the family Rubiaceae, whereas others are thought later attainments.    &nbsp

Investigations on foliar epidermis in some Rubiaceae

The paper reports foliar epidermal features of 20 unstudied species belonging 12 genera of the family Rubiaceae. The foliar stomates although paracytic generally in the taxa investigated, other types are also noticed rarely or occasionally on the same surface. The other epidermal features such as stomatal index (S.I) and frequency (S.F), stomatal abnormalities, cell wall contours, cell inclusions, etc. have been described in detail. Significance of various epidermal features in taxonomy of the taxa investigated is discussed.Â

Solving Hard AI Problem using CaRP as Online Network Security

Today, there is cut throat competition in Network Security and is major issue in Computer world also several security parameters are based on hard mathematical problems are available to tackle this problem. So many researchers trying to solve this problem from last decades. Using hard AI problems for security is up-and-coming as an exciting new concept so we have to show keen interest in this domain. Hence, in this paper, we are introducing better security parameters based on hard AI problems, explicitly, a novel family of graphical password systems built on top of Captcha technology, which we are proposing Captcha and Graphical Passwords (CaRP). CaRP is both a Captcha and a graphical password system. CaRP sort some security problems, such as online guessing attacks, relay attacks and shoulder-surfing attacks. Especially, a CaRP password can be establish only probabilistically by automatic online guessing attacks even if the password is in the search position. CaRP also offers a novel approach to address the well-known image hotspot problem in popular graphical password systems, such as PassPoints that often leads to less password choices. CaRP is not a universal solution but it offers reasonable security and usability and it may use few practical applications for getting better online security such as banking, railway reservation etc. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15033

Hand Geometry Techniques: A Review

Volume 2 Issue 11 (November 2014

A Review on Computer Forensics

Activities cyber crimes have become worse important part of everyday life in both the corporate world and the general public. The phenomenon of digital crime achieved what one might call the overwhelming factor. This explores the need for computer forensics to exercise effective and legal way, and describe the basic technical issues, and a reference point for further reading. It promotes the idea that competent practice in computer science and awareness of the fundamental laws of the retina for organizations today. This is an important topic for managers who need to understand how come a strategic element of computer science in the public information organization IT security. Network administrators and other IT security staff members need to understand the issues related to computer science. Those who work in the field of corporate governance, legal services, information technology, or find an overview of Sciences

Survey on Web Spam Detection using Link and Content Based Features

Web spam is one of the recent problems of search engines because it powerfully reduced the quality of the Web page. Web spam has an economic impact because spammers provide a large free advertising data or sites on the search engines and so an increase in the web traffic volume. In this paper we Survey on efficient spam detection techniques based on a classifier that combines new link based features with language models. Link Based features are related to qualitative data extracted from the web pages and also to the qualitative properties of the page links. Spam technique applies LM approach to different sources of information from a web page that belongs to the context of a link in order to provide high quality indicators of web spam. Specifically Detection technique applied the Kullback Leibler divergence on different combinations of these sources of information in order to characterize the relationship between two linked pages

Malignancy within a tail gut cyst:a case of retrorectal carcinoid tumour

Purpose. Tailgut cysts with malignant transformation are rare entities. We discuss the diagnostic strategy and treatment of a malignancy within a tailgut cyst. Methods. In this study we report on the case of a 61-year-old man with a malignant neuroendocrine tumour arising within a tailgut cyst and an overview of the literature emphasising the histopathological characteristics and differential diagnosis. Results. Our patient presented with lower back pain, rectal pain, and increased urgency of defecation. MRI scan and CT-guided biopsy on histological analysis revealed a diagnosis of carcinoid tumour of the presacral space. The patient subsequently underwent an abdominoperineal excision of the rectum. Conclusions. This case highlights the importance of tailgut cysts as a differential diagnosis of presacral masses. It is a rare congenital lesion developing from remnants of the embryonic postanal gut and is predominantly benign in nature. Approximately half of cases remain asymptomatic; therefore, diagnosis is often delayed. Magnetic resonance imaging is the investigation of choice and an awareness of the possibility of malignant potential is critical to avoiding missed diagnosis and subsequent morbidity. Complete surgical excision allows accurate diagnosis, confirmation of oncological clearance, and prevention of mortality