Primitive hepatic venous plexus in a child with scimitar syndrome and pulmonary sequestration

This article reports a case of scimitar syndrome with pulmonary sequestration, persistent primitive hepatic venous plexus and stenosis of the inferior vena cava in a child presenting with failure to thrive. Such associations are rare but may have implications when planning interventions for patients with complex congenital heart diseasepeer-reviewe

The Man From Snowy River and Other Verses

https://commons.und.edu/settler-literature/1099/thumbnail.jp

Towards victim-oriented police? Some reflections on the concept and purpose of policing and their implications for victim-oriented police reform

The global policy drift towards community policing and an enhanced philosophical and practical orientation towards victims of crime has been slow but incrementally successful in some jurisdictions. This paper uses a comparative approach to review the different conceptual and theoretical assumptions that underpin thinking about policing to tentatively identify the factors that support victim-oriented police reform. The paper draws on evidence from India and Argentina plus England and Wales to assess how different policing models have translated victim-oriented language into practice. It is notable that while police forces across the globe often share a common understanding of police functions there is less agreement when referring to how to engage with citizens and balancing the broader panoply of policing priorities. Conceptual understandings of policing often contain unarticulated assumptions about how policing should be done and this partly explains why placing citizenship and victims at the core in rhetorical terms does not always translate into practice. The paper concludes with a call for a concerted effort to articulate a clear philosophical and conceptual understanding of victim-oriented policing as an enabler of police reform

What Future for Policing? Some reflections on the concept and purpose of policing and their implications for police reform in England and Wales

Policing develops in different ways at different times and to differing demands in states around the world. Thus, policing and security models are established and evolve in the context of the host society. In England and Wales, modern bureaucratic policing emerged from a locally focused and administered system. Following on from this, contemporary Anglo-American policing aligns, to varying degrees, with the political, socio-cultural, legal and ideological aspects of contemporary liberal democratic society with its emphasis on democratic localism and decentralised accountability. Policing is also a field where Anglo-American and other western states provide support to transitional states with often different developmental paths. The transitional states seek, or have imposed on them (depending upon your perspective), western democratic models of policing and the policies, programmes, institutions and tactics associated with these models. This paper reviews the conceptual and theoretical assumptions that underpin thinking about policing and asks whether there is a sufficiently common philosophical and conceptual understanding of policing across nation states to support the development of policing rather than just a common understanding of police functions. This is profoundly important when considering different conceptual understandings of policing and how that is applied in support of the reform of policing in transitional states. The paper calls for a concerted effort to conceptualise a philosophical understanding of policing and its relationship to social development

Contest and co-option : the struggle for schooling in the African independent churches of the Cape Colony

The establishment of schools by independent African churches reflected changes in the complex amalgam of forces that constituted the social fabric of ordinary black people in the Cape Colony between 1895 and 1920. These churches and schools were in part a creative response to discriminatory mission church politics, a general decline in black economic fortunes, and changes in the nature of black political mobilisation. However, the advent of independent church schools did not merely reflect an ideological preoccupation with colonial dominance. They were initiated to meet a range of educational needs articulated by numbers of urban and rural blacks. This demand for educational opportunities signalled the progressive incorporation of formal western education within the social lives of many black people in the Cape. Moreover, in this crucial period, schooling in the Cape Colony was being segregated as the principal element in a programme introduced by the Education Department to curtail spending on black education and to boost subsidies to white education. Blacks were therefore limited to mission schools which were inadequate and characterised by a lack of community control. Consequently, independent church communities were preoccupied with the politics of access and control in the schools. Within the gradually unfolding Cape education 'system', missionary control was tenuous in the uncoordinated rural mission outstation schools. There, independent school communities seized the opportunity to pursue their own objectives. However, each group of independent church schools was in some way conditioned by the ability of colonial representatives to dictate the political, financial and administrative terms of their existence. In this respect, the independent school communities negotiated the ambiguous terrain between the poles of contest and co-option. The more successful initiatives managed to solicit Education Department funding while minimising interference from white intermediaries, school inspectors and mission church agents. Nevertheless, government recognition and funding mechanisms facilitated the eventual capture of the independent schools within the colonial education system. Thus, this work reflects as much on the emergence of the Cape education system, as on the question of resistance to mission control. The independent church schools were not solely characterised by contest with missionaries or the government education authorities. African Christian school communities in rural locations in the Eastern Cape were divided internally by school, ethnic and church allegiances which affected their access to scarce commodities such as education and land. Competition over access to schooling therefore gave rise to serious conflict between African independent church adherents, and groups that remained loyal to the mission churches. In contrast, independent school initiatives in the rural Western Cape were characterised less by intra-community conflicts, than by bureaucratic engagement with the Education Department hierarchy, and the utilisation of supra-ethnic and supra-denominational political conduits such as the African Political Organisation

The Top 20 Greatest Banjo Paterson Poems of All Time

https://commons.und.edu/settler-literature/1097/thumbnail.jp