Fellow Worker

Review of Peter Cole, David Struthers, and Kenyon Zimmer, Wobblies of the World. A new edited collection on the global history of the Industrial Workers of the World. &nbsp

Copper catalysed aziridination reactions.

Numerous copper complexes of differing structural types, including a wide selection of poly(pyrazolyl)borate, dithiocarbamate and phosphine complexes, were synthesised and characterised. The structural and solution properties of these complexes are discussed. The ability of each of these complexes to catalyse the aziridination of styrene by Phl=NTos was assessed, the reactivities then being related to their structural and solution properties. A selected number of the more active complexes were assessed as catalysts for the aziridination of several different substrates. Nitrene sources other than Phl=NTos were also utilised, with TosNCINa being particularly effective. After a series of aziridinations using varying equivalents of substrate and quantities of catalyst, copper triphenylphosphine complexes were shown to be the most active catalysts yet employed. In contrast to the complexes [Cu(R2dtc)2]CIO4 (R=Me, Et), the copper (III) complexes [Cu(R2dtc)2][FeCl4] (R=Me, Et, Pyd) were found to be active catalysts. This activity is suggested to result from reduction by Cl- which is produced by reaction of [FeCl4]- with Phl=NTos. Asymmetric aziridination catalysed by novel ligand-metal combinations was also investigated. Complexes of the novel amido ligands TosNSC(NR2)S and TOSNSC(NR2)SNTOS, formed by step-wise insertion of NTos groups into metal sulfur bonds, were found to be by-products of aziridination reactions using dithiocarbamate complexes as catalysts. The crystal structures of [Cu(TosNSC(NMe2)SNTos)2], [Cu(TosNSC(NEt2)S)2], [Ni(TosNSC(NEt2)S)2] and [Co(TosNSC(NEt2)SNTos)2], as well as their reactivities and abilities as aziridination catalysts are discussed. The mechanism of copper catalysed aziridination was investigated and strong evidence for the active catalyst being a copper(I) species was obtained. Evidence for alkene precoordination was gathered and a case for the existence of a mononuclear catalytic site and for a concerted transfer of nitrene to substrate is discussed. A likely catalytic cycle is then proposed

Les usagers aux manettes

Le dialogue ouvert avec les usagers et la création de services co-construits qui en découle nest pas seulement le passage à la bibliothèque inclusive, il sert également de révélateur dattitudes enracinées dans la profession et devenues une seconde nature. Cette co-construction est aussi une dé-constructio

Recruiting and Retaining Participants in Citizen Science: What Can Be Learned from the Volunteering Literature?

New citizen science projects are emerging all the time as scientists, policy-makers, and non-governmental organisations see the value of conducting research in this way. Understanding what factors influence people to take part in citizen science projects and why participants continue their involvement are important questions for the field. Here, we bring together key theories from the volunteering literature with examples from the environmental volunteering and citizen science literature to describe the factors that influence people to start and continue participating in citizen science projects. Good project organisation is key, and project organisers need to consider potential participants’ motivations; their personal attributes, circumstances and demographics; and how they will become aware of the opportunity. We discuss each of these factors with reference to both the academic and the grey (non-academic) literature, and based on this make general recommendations for those designing and running citizen science projects

V. I. Lenin On The "Women Question"

In his writings and speeches Lenin showed considerable interest in the "Woman Question." He argued, first, that the exploitation of female labor performs a central function in the development of capitalism. He claimed that women are "doubly oppressed," since they lack equality in both the legal-political and domestic spheres. Second, Lenin endorsed the women's rights movement. He called for universal suffrage, criticized prostitution, and supported the struggle for freedom of divorce and abortion. At the same time, he sought to highlight the limits of female liberation under capitalism. Third, Lenin connected the emancipation of women with the construction of socialism and communism. In Soviet Russia he pushed for the equalization of male and female rights. He called for the mass participation of women in politics and economic administration. He planned the socialization of domestic labor and the abolition of household slavery. Under socialism, Lenin argued, women would emancipate themselves

V. I. Lenin on the ‘Black Question’

In his revolutionary activities and writings from 1913 to the fourth Comintern Congress in 1922, V. I. Lenin didn't merely analyse the function of black labour in the process of capitalist development. He also had something to say about the role that black people themselves would play in their own emancipation. His posthumously published article Russians and Negroes is particularly insightful. The guiding motto of the Comintern under the direction of Lenin-'Workers and oppressed peoples of all countries, unite!' fused the destinies of the racially subjugated black communities and working class in their struggles against imperialism. This article argues that Lenin showed a keen interest in what was then called the 'Black Question'. It shows that he adopted a non-reductive approach that highlighted the special character of black oppression in comparison to other forms. It concludes that his ideas remain relevant for the black liberation struggle today

Friedrich Engels on state socialism

In the ideological legacy of Friedrich Engels, the critique of "state socialism" has a prominent, if overlooked place. According to this conception, the essence of socialism is that the existing state intervenes in the capitalist economy and society with reforms to benefit the working class. The first section of this article outlines Engels' critique of state socialism. It mentions how left geographers have approached his remarks on the trend, specifically in regard to the housing question, nationalisation, and liberal democracy. The second part highlights the contemporary significance of Engels' conception of proletarian emancipation-as contained in his critique of state socialism. Engels' remarks can help clarify the objective conditions for socialism, conditions that some left geographers continue to ignore