Determination of bioanalytical parameters for the standardization of Abroma augusta

AbstractObjectiveTo set the analytical parameters for simultaneous determination of different phytochemicals present in the Abroma augusta (A. augusta).MethodsDifferent phytochemical test including total phenol and total flavonoid content were carried out in the present investigation. Further, a rapid and simple high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Moreover antimicrobial study was also performed in the present investigation to know the presence of biological contamination.ResultsPreliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of glycoside, alkaloid, carbohydrate and steroid in the A. augusta. Total phenol and total flavonoid content were found to be 0.29% and 0.50% w/w respectively. All tested microorganism in the A. augusta extract were found to be under the limit. Chloroform: methanol: acetic acid: H2O (170:25:25:4) was used as a solvent system for the qualitative and quantitative analysis through HPTLC Method. HPTLC analysis revealed 1.87 % w/w of linoleic acid in the A. augusta extract.ConclusionsResults showed that the selected parameters in the present investigation would set the new standards for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of A. augusta

Non-Conventional Silage for Arid Region

Thar is one of the most heavily populated desert areas in the world and the main occupations of the people living here are agriculture and livestock production. Agriculture is not a dependable proposition in this area due to erratic rains and occurrence of frequent droughts. A large number of farmers in Thar Desert depend on animal husbandry for their livelihood. Animal husbandry, trees and grasses, intercropped with vegetables or fruit trees, is the most viable farming system for arid, drought-prone regions (Anonymous, 2012a,b). Further, livestock sector is expected to emerge as an engine of agricultural growth in the 12th plan and beyond, in view of rapid growth for the demand of animal food products. Achieving growth rate of 5-6 %, however, would require addressing challenges of shortage of feed and fodder (Anonymous, 2012a,b). According to the ministry of agriculture assessment, there is a large gap between demand and supply of feed and fodder for the livestock in the country. The shortage of dry fodder, green fodder and concentrate is as high as 40% (Pawar, 2012). The problem is compounded by the lack of reliable data regarding fodder availability. The scenario appears alarming in case of availability of quality fodder. With the existing shortages of fodder, it would be difficult for India to achieve the target of 160 MT of milk production by 2020. For increasing milk production from the current level of 40 MT to 160 MT by 2020, 494 MT of dry fodder, 825 MT of green fodder and 54 MT concentrates will be required (Das, 2012). There are several crop products potentially used after enriching their quality for animal feeding, but are being wasted. All such bye-products needs to be ensiled and suitable mechanism for their enrichment and ensiling need to be developed. Keeping this in view efforts were made to ensile the dry fodder after enriching their quality by modified process

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Chalcone Derivatives Containing Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyridine Moiety

Chalcone was prepared by the condensation of arylmethyl ketone and arylaldehyde in the presence of alcoholic alkali. Present study describes the synthesis of a series of (2z)-3-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyl imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine-3-yl]-1-substituted arylprop-2-en-1-one compounds (h) 1-9. The compounds were characterized by modern analytical techniques such as CHN analyses, IR, 1H NMR spectra and further supported by mass spectroscopy. All the title compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity against B.coccus, S.aureus, Pseudomona, E.coli, A.niger, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Greseofulvin. Their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined. The results of antibacterial activity showed that compounds h 4, h 9 and antifungal activity compounds h 1, h 9 using standard drug

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is an extremely common condition and is responsible for a variety of pathological effects on the kidneys. Drug-induced acute renal failure (ARF) accounted for 20% of all ARF cases. Drugs showed to cause nephrotoxicity exert their toxic effects by one or more common pathogenic mechanisms. Although it is impossible to present all the drugs causing the nephrotoxicity, this article will summarize the mechanism of injury associated with particular common medications, discuss clinical presentations, renal markers, and evaluate strategies that prevent or minimize renal injury. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity tends to be more common among certain patients and in specific clinical situations. Therefore, successful prevention requires knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms of renal injury, patient-related risk factors, drug-related risk factors, and preemptive measures, coupled with vigilance and early intervention. General preventive measures include using alternative non-nephrotoxic drugs whenever possible; correcting risk factors, if possible; assessing baseline renal function before initiation of therapy, followed by adjusting the dosage; monitoring renal function and vital signs during therapy, and avoiding nephrotoxic drug combinations. Surprisingly, little information is available to guide us with respect to avoiding complications in critical illness; therefore, it is necessary to follow the guidelines

Recent Advances in Centrifugal Spinning and Their Applications in Tissue Engineering

Over the last decade, researchers have investigated the potential of nano and microfiber scaffolds to promote wound healing, tissue regeneration, and skin protection. The centrifugal spinning technique is favored over others due to its relatively straightforward mechanism for producing large quantities of fiber. Many polymeric materials have yet to be investigated in search of those with multifunctional properties that would make them attractive in tissue applications. This literature presents the fundamental process of fiber generation, and the effects of fabrication parameters (machine, solution) on the morphologies such as fiber diameter, distribution, alignment, porous features, and mechanical properties. Additionally, a brief discussion is presented on the underlying physics of beaded morphology and continuous fiber formation. Consequently, the study provides an overview of the current advancements in centrifugally spun polymeric fiber-based materials and their morphological features, performance, and characteristics for tissue engineering applications

Recent Advances in Centrifugal Spinning and Their Applications in Tissue Engineering

Over the last decade, researchers have investigated the potential of nano and microfiber scaffolds to promote wound healing, tissue regeneration, and skin protection. The centrifugal spinning technique is favored over others due to its relatively straightforward mechanism for producing large quantities of fiber. Many polymeric materials have yet to be investigated in search of those with multifunctional properties that would make them attractive in tissue applications. This literature presents the fundamental process of fiber generation, and the effects of fabrication parameters (machine, solution) on the morphologies such as fiber diameter, distribution, alignment, porous features, and mechanical properties. Additionally, a brief discussion is presented on the underlying physics of beaded morphology and continuous fiber formation. Consequently, the study provides an overview of the current advancements in centrifugally spun polymeric fiber-based materials and their morphological features, performance, and characteristics for tissue engineering applications

Two-Terminal and Multi-Terminal Designs for Next-Generation Quantized Hall Resistance Standards: Contact Material and Geometry

In this paper, we show that quantum Hall resistance measurements using two terminals may be as precise as four-terminal measurements when applying superconducting split contacts. The described sample designs eliminate resistance contributions of terminals and contacts such that the size and complexity of next-generation quantized Hall resistance devices can be significantly improved

An Appraisal of the Current Scenario in Vaccine Research for COVID-19

The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has drawn global attention, affecting millions, disrupting economies and healthcare modalities. With its high infection rate, COVID-19 has caused a colossal health crisis worldwide. While information on the comprehensive nature of this infectious agent, SARS-CoV-2, still remains obscure, ongoing genomic studies have been successful in identifying its genomic sequence and the presenting antigen. These may serve as promising, potential therapeutic targets in the effective management of COVID-19. In an attempt to establish herd immunity, massive efforts have been directed and driven toward developing vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen. This review, in this direction, is aimed at providing the current scenario and future perspectives in the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2