Anthracnose

Bean anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is a worldwide disease in susceptible var. grown in locations with cool to moderate temp. and with a high RH. It can appear anywhere in the plant. Losses can be up to 100 percent when severely infected seed is planted. For efficient disease control, the production of disease-free seed, crop rotations, utilization of adequate chemical products, and the use of resistent var. are recommended. The symptoms and damage caused by the disease are illustrated in color. (CIAT)La antracnosis del frijol, causada por el hongo Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, es una enfermedad que se presenta en todo el mundo en las var. susceptibles establecidas en localidades con temp. moderadas-frias y con alta HR ambiental. Puede aparecer en cualquier parte de la planta. Las perdidas pueden ser del 100 por ciento cuando se siembra semilla severamente infectada. Para un buen control de la enfermedad se recomiendan la produccion de semilla libre del patogeno, rotacion de cultivos, utilizacion de productos quimicos adecuados y var. resistentes. Se ilustran a color los sintomas y danos causados por la enfermedad. (CIAT

Majorana solutions to the two-electron problem

A review of the known different methods and results devised to study the two-electron atom problem, appeared in the early years of quantum mechanics, is given, with particular reference to the calculations of the ground state energy of helium. This is supplemented by several, unpublished results obtained around the same years by Ettore Majorana, which results did not convey in his published papers on the argument, and thus remained unknown until now. Particularly interesting, even for current research in atomic and nuclear physics, is a general variant of the variational method, developed by Majorana in order to take directly into account, already in the trial wavefunction, the action of the full Hamiltonian operator of a given quantum system. Moreover, notable calculations specialized to the study of the two-electron problem show the introduction of the remarkable concept of an effective nuclear charge different for the two electrons (thus generalizing previous known results), and an application of the perturbative method, where the atomic number Z was treated effectively as a continuous variable, contributions to the ground state energy of an atom with given Z coming also from any other Z. Instead, contributions relevant mainly for pedagogical reasons count simple broad range estimates of the helium ionization potential, obtained by suitable choices for the wavefunction, as well as a simple alternative to Hylleraas' method, which led Majorana to first order calculations comparable in accuracy with well-known order 11 results derived, in turn, by Hylleraas.Comment: amsart, 20 pages, no figure

El Modelo de Educación Deportiva en España: una revisión del estado de la cuestión y prospectiva

En la actualidad, han sido varias las aplicaciones del Modelo de Educación Deportiva (MED) en el sistema educativo español. Sin embargo, las investigaciones con este innovador modelo de enseñanza son escasas. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer el progreso y la evolución del MED en España desde el 2010 hasta 2014, así como el impacto que ha tenido en los estudiantes y docentes que lo han llevado a cabo. En este trabajo se han registrado 12 estudios realizados en distintas modalidades deportivas, con diferentes metodologías, duración, dimensiones de aprendizaje y niveles educativos. Se ha realizado una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en EBSCO HOST, Dialnet, SPORTDiscus y Google Scholar, con las palabras clave: “Sport Education”, “Educación Deportiva”, “Modelo de Educación Deportiva”, “Modelo de Educación”, “Modelo de Enseñanza” y “Modelo”. Los hallazgos demuestran las posibilidades del MED en relación al fomento de competencias básicas, motivación, participación, implicación del género femenino en los deportes o la inclusión de alumnos no integrados. No obstante, el estado de la investigación en torno al MED indica la necesidad de desarrollar adecuadamente aspectos claves para una aplicación eficaz del modelo, entre otros la formación previa y organización de los docentes o el reparto de roles-funciones de los alumnos. Tras la revisión efectuada, se puede concluir que el MED puede educar a los estudiantes para que logren ser más cultos, competentes, entusiastas y que adopten un estilo de vida activo. Esto se debe a que con el MED los alumnos pueden mejorar sus conocimientos y experimentar el/los deporte/s de forma autónoma, divertida y responsable, aprendiendo valores sociales positivos de forma simultánea

KLIC-score for predicting early failure in prosthetic joint infections treated with debridement, implant retention and antibiotics

AbstractDebridement, irrigation and antibiotic treatment form the current approach in early prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Our aim was to design a score to predict patients with a higher risk of failure. From 1999 to 2014 early PJIs were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed. The primary end-point was early failure defined as: 1) the need for unscheduled surgery, 2) death-related infection within the first 60 days after debridement or 3) the need for suppressive antibiotic treatment. A score was built-up according to the logistic regression coefficients of variables available before debridement. A total of 222 patients met the inclusion criteria. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were coagulase-negative staphylococci (95 cases, 42.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (81 cases, 36.5%). Treatment of 52 (23.4%) cases failed. Independent predictors of failure were: chronic renal failure (OR 5.92, 95% CI 1.47–23.85), liver cirrhosis (OR 4.46, 95% CI 1.15–17.24), revision surgery (OR 4.34, 95% CI 1.34–14.04) or femoral neck fracture (OR 4.39, 95% CI1.16–16.62) compared with primary arthroplasty, C reactive protein >11.5 mg/dL (OR 12.308, 95% CI 4.56–33.19), cemented prosthesis (OR 8.71, 95% CI 1.95–38.97) and when all intraoperative cultures were positive (OR 6.30, 95% CI 1.84–21.53). A score for predicting the risk of failure was designed using preoperative factors (KLIC-score: Kidney, Liver, Index surgery, Cemented prosthesis and C-reactive protein value) and it ranged between 0 and 9.5 points. Patients with scores of ≤2, >2–3.5, 4–5, >5–6.5 and ≥7 had failure rates of 4.5%, 19.4%, 55%, 71.4% and 100%, respectively. The KLIC-score was highly predictive of early failure after debridement. In the future, it would be necessary to validate our score using cohorts from other institutions

Stereotypes and prejudices in pre-service physical education teachers towards immigrants

The purpose of this study was to nd out which stereotypes pre- vail in future Physical Education (PE) teachers when asked about immi- grant population and to see if within that stereotype, there are subtle or blatant racist attitudes, as well as egalitarian attitudes. A sample of 2524 volunteer pre-service Physical Education teachers (PPET) was used to par- ticipate in this study. A questionnaire on Racist Stereotypes in Ini- tial Training of PE Teachers and a Subtle and Blatant Prejudice Scale were used. Descriptive, univariate and multivariate statistics were used to analyse the information gathered. e data showed PPET with a false tolerant stereotype, where the contextual variables gender and religious preference were crucial, since the boys respect girls, as well as Catholics regard non-believers or other religions, they are reected less egalitarian stereotypes.

Level of Physical Activity and Its Relationship to Self-Perceived Physical Fitness in Peruvian Adolescents

Background: Physical activity and physical fitness play an important role in adolescence. Both are considered to be indicators of the current and future health status of young adults. The main objective of this article was to report the normative values of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) and the International Fitness Scale (IFIS) instruments in Peruvian school adolescents. Methods: A sample of 1229 participants (622 girls and 607 boys) aged between 12 and 17 years was used. The type of study was descriptive-comparative. All measures used were obtained by means of self-administered instruments. The PAQ-A was used to assess the level of physical activity and the IFIS to assess the self-perceived physical fitness level of the adolescents. Results: It was observed that the PAQ-A questionnaire results obtained from the total sample was 2.34; significantly higher for boys (2.41) compared with girls (2.27). For the IFIS, the total score was 3.07, with boys obtaining 3.13 and girls 2.97. Conclusions: It was concluded that there was a direct relationship between the level of PA and self-perceived PF in Peruvian adolescents. Furthermore, adolescent boys were more physically active than girls and they had a better self-perceived PF with the exception of flexibility. Finally, there was a higher weight category involved at the lower level of PA

Pulsar kicks from a dark-matter sterile neutrino

We show that a sterile neutrino with mass in the 1-20 keV range and a small mixing with the electron neutrino can simultaneously explain the origin of the pulsar motions and the dark matter in the universe. An asymmetric neutrino emission from a hot nascent neutron star can be the explanation of the observed pulsar velocities. In addition to the pulsar kick mechanism based on resonant neutrino transitions, we point out a new possibility: an asymmetric off-resonant emission of sterile neutrinos. The two cases correspond to different values of the masses and mixing angles. In both cases we identify the ranges of parameters consistent with the pulsar kick, as well as cosmological constraints.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures; final version; discussion and references adde

Gravitational Waves from a Pulsar Kick Caused by Neutrino Conversions

It has been suggested that the observed pulsar velocities are caused by an asymmetric neutrino emission from a hot neutron star during the first seconds after the supernova collapse. We calculate the magnitude of gravitational waves produced by the asymmetries in the emission of neutrinos. The resulting periodic gravitational waves may be detectable by LIGO and LISA in the event of a nearby supernova explosion.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figure

Investigation of conduction band structure, electron scattering mechanisms and phase transitions in indium selenide by means of transport measurements under pressure

In this work we report on Hall effect, resistivity and thermopower measurements in n-type indium selenide at room temperature under either hydrostatic and quasi-hydrostatic pressure. Up to 40 kbar (= 4 GPa), the decrease of carrier concentration as the pressure increases is explained through the existence of a subsidiary minimum in the conduction band. This minimum shifts towards lower energies under pressure, with a pressure coefficient of about -105 meV/GPa, and its related impurity level traps electrons as it reaches the band gap and approaches the Fermi level. The pressure value at which the electron trapping starts is shown to depend on the electron concentration at ambient pressure and the dimensionality of the electron gas. At low pressures the electron mobility increases under pressure for both 3D and 2D electrons, the increase rate being higher for 2D electrons, which is shown to be coherent with previous scattering mechanisms models. The phase transition from the semiconductor layered phase to the metallic sodium cloride phase is observed as a drop in resistivity around 105 kbar, but above 40 kbar a sharp nonreversible increase of the carrier concentration is observed, which is attributed to the formation of donor defects as precursors of the phase transition.Comment: 18 pages, Latex, 10 postscript figure

Stringent Constraints on Cosmological Neutrino-Antineutrino Asymmetries from Synchronized Flavor Transformation

We assess a mechanism which can transform neutrino-antineutrino asymmetries between flavors in the early universe, and confirm that such transformation is unavoidable in the near bi-maximal framework emerging for the neutrino mixing matrix. We show that the process is a standard Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein flavor transformation dictated by a synchronization of momentum states. We also show that flavor ``equilibration'' is a special feature of maximal mixing, and carefully examine new constraints placed on neutrino asymmetries. In particular, the big bang nucleosynthesis limit on electron neutrino degeneracy xi_e < 0.04 does not apply directly to all flavors, yet confirmation of the large-mixing-angle solution to the solar neutrino problem will eliminate the possibility of degenerate big bang nucleosynthesis.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures; minor changes to match PRD versio