Comércio informal de doces: desafios para os jovens universitários empreendedores

The objective of the present study was to characterize the socioeconomic profile and investigate the main challenges faced by informal food traders participating in a gastronomic event held at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. The 27 entrepreneurs from the 7th edition of the “Circuito de Doces”, held in 2018, participated in the survey. The majority were female (81%), with an average age of 23, university student (78%), resident of the North Zone part of the city of Rio de Janeiro (70%) and with an individual income of up to one minimum wage (56%). The main difficulties pointed by traders were: food handling, lack of adequate structure at the place of production, financial management, business disclosure and strategic planning. The “Circuito de Doces” event appears as a way to support, boost sales, give visibility and enable the growth of these small entrepreneurs. The present study served as a basis for formulating specific interventions for this audience that will take place in the form of training courses linked to university extension actions.El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar el perfil socioeconómico e investigar los principales desafíos que enfrentan los comerciantes informales de alimentos que participan en un evento gastronómico realizado en la Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro. Participaron de la encuesta los 27 emprendedores de la 7ª edición del “Circuito de Doces”, realizado en 2018. La mayoría eran mujeres (81%), con edad promedio de 23 años, universitarias (78%), residente de la zona norte de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro (70%) y con una renta individual de hasta un salario mínimo (56%). Las principales dificultades identificadas por los comerciantes fueron: manipulación de alimentos, falta de estructura adecuada en el lugar de producción, gestión financiera, divulgación comercial y planificación estratégica. El evento “Circuito de Doces” surge como una forma de apoyar, impulsar las ventas, dar visibilidad y posibilitar el crecimiento de estos pequeños emprendedores. El presente estudio sirvió de base para formular intervenciones específicas para esta audiencia que se desarrollarán en forma de cursos de capacitación vinculados a acciones de extensión universitaria.O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar o perfil socioeconômico e investigar os principais desafios enfrentados pelos comerciantes informais de alimentos participantes de um evento gastronômico realizado na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Os 27 empreendedores da 7ª edição do “Circuito de Doces”, realizada em 2018, participaram da pesquisa. A maioria era do sexo feminino (81%), com idade média de 23 anos, aluno da universidade (78%), morador da zona norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (70%) e com renda individual de até um salário mínimo (56%). As principais dificuldades apontadas pelos comerciantes foram: manipulação de alimentos, falta de estrutura adequada no local de produção, gestão financeira, divulgação do negócio e planejamento estratégico. O evento “Circuito de Doces” aparece como uma forma de dar suporte, impulsionar as vendas, dar visibilidade e possibilitar o crescimento desses pequenos empreendedores. O presente estudo serviu de base para formulação de intervenções específicas para este público que ocorrerão na forma de cursos de capacitação vinculados a ações de extensão universitária

Proximate and mineral composition of industrialized biscuits

The aim of this study was to analyze the proximate and mineral composition of 21 types of biscuits. All biscuits showed high fat contents, significantly different (P < 0.05) from those described on the labels, except for three brands. Insoluble fiber fractions were predominant in the analyzed samples. Among the 21 biscuits analyzed, 16 showed food label values 20% higher than those allowed by law, according to RDC 360, for fat, protein, total fiber, calcium, and sodium levels. This difference reached 273% for the sodium content. The calcium content was included only on the label of three samples analyzed, and the values described were significantly lower than those obtained analytically. Considering that biscuits are consumed by people of all age groups and of different socioeconomic levels, the results can contribute to the plans for health policies, such as surveillance of nutritional labeling, ensuring the reliability of the information provided by the food industry and enabling the identification of the relationship between dietary factors and the occurrence of non-transmissible chronic diseases

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN