EFEITO DE FÁRMACOS ANESTÉSICOS NA FUNÇÃO RENAL DE CÃES

Com o aumento na expectativa de vida dos animais como cães e gatos há necessidade de aperfeiçoar práticas anestésicas e fármacos para a obtenção do plano anestésico com mínimos efeitos colaterais. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar parâmetros urinários antes e após os procedimentos anestésicos, a densidade urinaria, relação proteína:creatina urinária, atividade urinária das enzimas fosfatase alcalina e gama glutamiltransferase, em cães machos e fêmeas da raça labrador com aproximadamente 30 kg de peso e com uso de acepromazina na dose de 0,05 mg/Kg e meperidina 3 mg/Kg como medicação pré-anestésica, propofol na dose de 5mg/Kg para indução e a manutenção anestésica foi realizada com isofluorano em 1,5 CAM. Concluiu-se, este protocolo anestésico em procedimentos cirúrgicos não ocasionaram alterações nos parâmetros renais que indicasse lesão. Todos os valores da atividade urinária das enzimas gGT, FA, da DU e da UPC se mantiveram dentro dos parâmetros fisiológicos de cães saudáveis e não houve relação negativa pelo uso dos anestésicos nas doses utilizadas

COMPARAÇÃO DE TIRAS REAGENTES PARA URINÁLISE VETERINÁRIA

No exame de urina é possível identificar parâmetros como pH, glicose, cetona, proteína, bilirrubina, urobilinogênio, densidade, hemoglobina, leucócitos, ácido ascórbico, outros e o exame do sedimento urinário. Este estudo foi desenvolvido para comparar as marcas de tiras reagentes de urina Roche Combur10 Test® UX, Labtest Uriquest Plus VET® e Inlab Uri-test11® com a marca utilizada na rotina do Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, a Labtest Uriquest Plus®. Foi observada discrepâncias entre os resultados das marcas desenvolvidas para a medicina humana com a marca desenvolvida para a medicina veterinária e entre elas, nos exames da urina de cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário. Foi possível observar que os parâmetros de pH, densidade e proteína urinária apresentaram maiores discrepâncias entre as fitas quando comparado com padrões para dosagens da densidade por refratometria e da proteína por espectrofotometria. Há necessidade de padronização do exame de urina com tiras reagentes, pois é um valioso auxílio ao diagnóstico de doenças renais e extra-renais

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Chenopodium ambrosioides L. essential oil and ethanol extract on control of canine Ancylostoma spp.

O uso de Chenopodium ambrosioides L. tem se mostrado promissor no controle de nematoides gastrintestinais. Objetivou-se verificar o rendimento e a composição química do óleo essencial de C. ambrosioides, assim como avaliar o efeito in vitro do extrato etanólico e do óleo essencial em L3 de Ancylostoma spp., e o efeito in vivo do óleo essencial para cães. Para a atividade larvicida as larvas de Ancylostoma spp. foram colocadas na presença do extrato etanólico nas concentrações de 0,005 g mL-1, 0,01 g mL-1, 0,02 g mL-1, 0,03 g mL-1, 0,04 g mL-1; 0,05 g mL-1, 0,06 g mL-1, 0,08 g mL-1, 0,1 g mL-1, 0,12 g mL-1 e 0,2 g mL-1, do óleo essencial nas concentrações de 50 µL mL-1, 100 µL mL-1 e 150 µL mL-1. Para o teste in vivo utilizaram-se 26 cães, hígidos, infectados naturalmente por Ancylostoma spp., divididos em três grupos: F1 - foram administrados biscoitos sem princípio ativo; F2 - biscoitos fitoterápicos com óleo essencial de C. ambrosioides L na concentração de 37,5 µL g-1; F3 biscoitos acrescido de formulação comercial a base de febantel, pirantel, praziquantel e ivermectina. Foi realizado hemograma completo e bioquímica sérica para AST, ALT, FA, ureia, creatinina, proteína total e albumina. Verificou-se o rendimento de 0,3% m v-1 do óleo essencial e na sua composição química a presença de ?-terpineno (1,24 %), o p-cimeno (4,83 %) e ascaridol, nos seus isômeros Z (87%) e E (5,04 %), como componente majoritário. O extrato etanólico de C. ambrosioides L., nas concentrações utilizadas, apresentou insuficiente atividade para o efeito larvicida. O óleo essencial na concentração de 150 µL mL-1 foi eficaz contra L3. A formulação de biscoito fitoterápico com óleo essencial C. ambrosioides L reduziu o número de ovos por grama de fezes dos cães.The use of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. has shown to be promising in the management of gastrointestinal nematodes. The objective of this study was to quantitate the yield and characterize the chemical composition of the essential oil of C. ambrosioides, as well as to evaluate the in vitro effect of the ethanolic extract and the essential oil in L3 of Ancylostoma spp. and the in vivo effect(s) of the essential oil in dogs. The effects of the ethanol extract and essential oil on Ancylostoma spp. were evaluated in vitro by exposing larvae to the extract at concentrations ranging from 0.005 g mL-1 to 0.2 g mL-1 and to essential oil at concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 ?L mL-1. For the in vivo test, 26 healthy dogs, naturally infected by Ancylostoma spp., were divided into three groups: F1 - cookies were administered without active principle; F2 - herbal cookies containing 37.5 ?L g-1 essential oil of C. ambrosioides L.; F3 - cookies plus a commercial formulation containing febantel, pyrantel, praziquantel, and ivermectin. Complete blood counts and serum biochemistry for AST, ALT, AF, urea, creatinine, total protein, and albumin were performed. The yield of the essential oil was 0.3% m v-1, and its major components included ?-terpinene (1.24%), p-cymene (4.83%), and ascaridol Z (87%) and E (5.04%) isomers. The concentrations of C. ambrosioides L. ethanol extract used were ineffective against Ancylostoma spp. larvae. The essential oil at a concentration of 150 ?L mL-1 was effective against L3 larvae. In the in vivo study in dogs, the herbal cookies containing C. ambrosioides L essential oil reduced the number of eggs per gram of feces

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data