Pharmacokinetics and skin concentrations of lincomycin after intravenous and oral administration to cats

The aim of the present study was to describe the plasma pharmacokinetic profile and skin concentrations of lincomycin after intravenous administration of a 15% solution and oral administration of 300 mg tablets at a dosing rate of 15 mg/kg to cats. Susceptibility of staphylococci (n = 31) and streptococci (n = 23) strains isolated from clinical cases was also determined. Lincomycin plasma and skin concentrations were determined by microbiological assay using Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341 as test microorganism. Susceptibility was established by the antimicrobial disc diffusion test. Individual lincomycin plasma concentration–time curves were analysed by a non-compartmental approach. After intravenous administration, volume of distribution, body clearance and elimination half-life were 0.97 L/kg ± 0.15 L/kg, 0.17 L/kg ± 0.06 L/h.kg and 4.20 h ± 1.12 h, respectively. After oral administration, peak plasma concentration, time of maximum plasma concentration and bioavailability were 22.52 µg/mL ± 10.97 µg/mL, 0.80 h ± 0.11 h and 81.78% ± 24.05%, respectively. Two hours after lincomycin administration, skin concentrations were 17.26 µg/mL ± 1.32 µg/mL (intravenous) and 16.58 µg/mL ± 0.90 µg/mL (oral). The corresponding skin: plasma ratios were 2.08 ± 0.47 (intravenous) and 1.84 ± 0.97 (oral). The majority of staphylococci and streptococci tested in this study were susceptible to lincosamides (87.09% and 69.56%, respectively). In conclusion, lincomycin administered orally at the assayed dose showed a good pharmacokinetic profile, with a long elimination half-life and effective skin concentration. Therefore, it could be a good first option for treating skin infections in cats

Pharmacokinetics and skin concentrations of lincomycin after intravenous and oral administration to cats

The aim of the present study was to describe the plasma pharmacokinetic profile and skin concentrations of lincomycin after intravenous administration of a 15% solution and oral administration of 300 mg tablets at a dosing rate of 15 mg/kg to cats. Susceptibility of staphylococci (n = 31) and streptococci (n = 23) strains isolated from clinical cases was also determined. Lincomycin plasma and skin concentrations were determined by microbiological assay using Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341 as test microorganism. Susceptibility was established by the antimicrobial disc diffusion test. Individual lincomycin plasma concentration-time curves were analysed by a non-compartmental approach. After intravenous administration, volume of distribution, body clearance and elimination half-life were 0.97 L/kg ± 0.15 L/kg, 0.17 L/kg ± 0.06 L/h.kg and 4.20 h ± 1.12 h, respectively. After oral administration, peak plasma concentration, time of maximum plasma concentration and bioavailability were 22.52 μg/mL ± 10.97 μg/mL, 0.80 h ± 0.11 h and 81.78% ± 24.05%, respectively. Two hours after lincomycin administration, skin concentrations were 17.26 μg/mL ± 1.32 μg/mL (intravenous) and 16.58 μg/mL ± 0.90 μg/mL (oral). The corresponding skin: plasma ratios were 2.08 ± 0.47 (intravenous) and 1.84 ± 0.97 (oral). The majority of staphylococci and streptococci tested in this study were susceptible to lincosamides (87.09% and 69.56%, respectively). In conclusion, lincomycin administered orally at the assayed dose showed a good pharmacokinetic profile, with a long elimination half-life and effective skin concentration. Therefore, it could be a good first option for treating skin infections in cats.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Pharmacokinetics and skin concentrations of lincomycin after intravenous and oral administration to cats

The aim of the present study was to describe the plasma pharmacokinetic profile and skin concentrations of lincomycin after intravenous administration of a 15% solution and oral administration of 300 mg tablets at a dosing rate of 15 mg/kg to cats. Susceptibility of staphylococci (n = 31) and streptococci (n = 23) strains isolated from clinical cases was also determined. Lincomycin plasma and skin concentrations were determined by microbiological assay using Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341 as test microorganism. Susceptibility was established by the antimicrobial disc diffusion test. Individual lincomycin plasma concentration-time curves were analysed by a non-compartmental approach. After intravenous administration, volume of distribution, body clearance and elimination half-life were 0.97 L/kg ± 0.15 L/kg, 0.17 L/kg ± 0.06 L/h.kg and 4.20 h ± 1.12 h, respectively. After oral administration, peak plasma concentration, time of maximum plasma concentration and bioavailability were 22.52 μg/mL ± 10.97 μg/mL, 0.80 h ± 0.11 h and 81.78% ± 24.05%, respectively. Two hours after lincomycin administration, skin concentrations were 17.26 μg/mL ± 1.32 μg/mL (intravenous) and 16.58 μg/mL ± 0.90 μg/mL (oral). The corresponding skin: plasma ratios were 2.08 ± 0.47 (intravenous) and 1.84 ± 0.97 (oral). The majority of staphylococci and streptococci tested in this study were susceptible to lincosamides (87.09% and 69.56%, respectively). In conclusion, lincomycin administered orally at the assayed dose showed a good pharmacokinetic profile, with a long elimination half-life and effective skin concentration. Therefore, it could be a good first option for treating skin infections in cats.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Cefuroxime plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue and urine concentrations after parenteral administration to cats

Cefuroxima es una cefalosporina de segunda generación que incluye en su espectro antibiótico a cocos gram-positivos, bacilos gram-negativos y anaerobios. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar la farmacocinética plasmática de cefuroxima en gatos luego de su administración por vía intravenosa, intramuscular y subcutánea, y determinar la concentración de cefuroximaen algunos tejidos y en la orina de los animales. Luego de la administración del antibiótico (20 mg/kg), se tomaron muestras sanguíneas y de orina durante 8 horas y muestras de tejidos entre las 1-1,5 horas. Los principales parámetros farmacocinéticos (media±desvío estándar) para la administración intravenosa fueron: concentración inicial (μg/mL): 135,46±81,42; vidamedia de eliminación (h): 0,21±0,15. Para las administraciones intramuscular y subcutánea los principales parámetros farmacocinéticos fueron respectivamente: concentración máxima (μg/mL): 48,65±6,71 y 28,17±8,44, tiempo de la concentración máxima (h): 0,18±0,06 y 0,82±0,30, y vida media de eliminación (h): 1,04±0,10 y 1,59±0,18. Las concentraciones (μg/g) en tejidos estuvieron entre 3, 35±0,65 y 23.02±8.77. Al cabo de 8 horas se recuperó enla orina el 78,09±24,59% de la dosis administrada. Estos resultados indicarían que cefuroxima administrada a una dosis de 20 mg/kg por las vías estudiadas sería de utilidad para el tratamiento de infecciones producidas por microorganismos susceptibles en gatos.Cefuroxime is a second generation cephalosporin active against gram-positive cocci, gramnegative rods and anaerobes. The aim of the present study is to characterize cefuroxime plasma pharmacokinetics after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to cats; and, to determine cefuroxime concentrations in some tissues and in urine of the animals. After antibiotic administration (20 mg/kg), blood and urine samples were taken during 8 hours and, tissue samples at 1-1.5 hours. After intravenous administration, main pharmacokinetic parameters (mean±SD) were: initial plasma concentration (µg/mL): 135.46±81.42; half-life (h): 0.21±0.15. After intramuscular and subcutaneous administration, main pharmacokinetic parameters were, respectively: maximum plasma concentrations (µg/mL): 48.65±6.71 and 28.17±8.44; time of maximum plasma concentration were 0.18±0.06 h and 0.82±0.30 h; and, elimination half-life (h): 1.04±0.10 and 1.59±0.18. Tissue concentrations (µg/g) ranged between 3,35±0,65 and 23.02±8.77. After 8 hours, 78,09±24,59% of the administered cefuroxime was recovered from urine. The present results showed that cefuroxime, administered at a dosage of 20 mg/kg by intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous route, would be a useful tool for the infection treatment in cats when produced by susceptible microorganisms.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Cefuroxime plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue and urine concentrations after parenteral administration to cats

Cefuroxima es una cefalosporina de segunda generación que incluye en su espectro antibiótico a cocos gram-positivos, bacilos gram-negativos y anaerobios. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar la farmacocinética plasmática de cefuroxima en gatos luego de su administración por vía intravenosa, intramuscular y subcutánea, y determinar la concentración de cefuroximaen algunos tejidos y en la orina de los animales. Luego de la administración del antibiótico (20 mg/kg), se tomaron muestras sanguíneas y de orina durante 8 horas y muestras de tejidos entre las 1-1,5 horas. Los principales parámetros farmacocinéticos (media±desvío estándar) para la administración intravenosa fueron: concentración inicial (μg/mL): 135,46±81,42; vidamedia de eliminación (h): 0,21±0,15. Para las administraciones intramuscular y subcutánea los principales parámetros farmacocinéticos fueron respectivamente: concentración máxima (μg/mL): 48,65±6,71 y 28,17±8,44, tiempo de la concentración máxima (h): 0,18±0,06 y 0,82±0,30, y vida media de eliminación (h): 1,04±0,10 y 1,59±0,18. Las concentraciones (μg/g) en tejidos estuvieron entre 3, 35±0,65 y 23.02±8.77. Al cabo de 8 horas se recuperó enla orina el 78,09±24,59% de la dosis administrada. Estos resultados indicarían que cefuroxima administrada a una dosis de 20 mg/kg por las vías estudiadas sería de utilidad para el tratamiento de infecciones producidas por microorganismos susceptibles en gatos.Cefuroxime is a second generation cephalosporin active against gram-positive cocci, gramnegative rods and anaerobes. The aim of the present study is to characterize cefuroxime plasma pharmacokinetics after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to cats; and, to determine cefuroxime concentrations in some tissues and in urine of the animals. After antibiotic administration (20 mg/kg), blood and urine samples were taken during 8 hours and, tissue samples at 1-1.5 hours. After intravenous administration, main pharmacokinetic parameters (mean±SD) were: initial plasma concentration (µg/mL): 135.46±81.42; half-life (h): 0.21±0.15. After intramuscular and subcutaneous administration, main pharmacokinetic parameters were, respectively: maximum plasma concentrations (µg/mL): 48.65±6.71 and 28.17±8.44; time of maximum plasma concentration were 0.18±0.06 h and 0.82±0.30 h; and, elimination half-life (h): 1.04±0.10 and 1.59±0.18. Tissue concentrations (µg/g) ranged between 3,35±0,65 and 23.02±8.77. After 8 hours, 78,09±24,59% of the administered cefuroxime was recovered from urine. The present results showed that cefuroxime, administered at a dosage of 20 mg/kg by intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous route, would be a useful tool for the infection treatment in cats when produced by susceptible microorganisms.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue concentrations and urine elimination after cephalothin intravenous administration to cats under surgical conditions

Pharmacokinetic profile, tissue concentrations and urine elimination of cephalothin in cats under surgical conditions after a single intravenous dose (30 mg/kg) were studied. Initial plasma concentrations were high [Cp(0), 353.79±118.92 μg/mL], with fast and moderately wide distribution [T1⁄2(d) 0.14±0.10 h] [V(d(ss)) 0.19±0.03 L/kg] and rapid elimination (ClB, 0.16±0.03 L/h.kg; T1⁄2, 1.07±0.23 h; MRT, 1.16±0.21 h). Thirty to 60 minutes after intravenous administration, cephalothin tissue concentrations were in the range of 3.73 μg/g (testicle tissue) to 25.63 μg/g (uterus). Tissue/plasma concentrations rate was in a range of 0.04 (testicle) to 0.21 (uterus). Cephalothin urine elimination was 66.49% in the first 6 hours after administration. Cephalothin plasma concentrations remained above a MIC≥1 μg/mL up to 5.5 hours in all the studied cats. However, for MIC≥8 –μg/mL (MIC breakpoint) this time is reduced to 2.5 hours. This suggests that proper perioperative prophylactic use of cephalothin in cats requires a dose interval not longer than 2 hours.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Cefuroxime plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue and urine concentrations after parenteral administration to cats

Cefuroxima es una cefalosporina de segunda generación que incluye en su espectro antibiótico a cocos gram-positivos, bacilos gram-negativos y anaerobios. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar la farmacocinética plasmática de cefuroxima en gatos luego de su administración por vía intravenosa, intramuscular y subcutánea, y determinar la concentración de cefuroximaen algunos tejidos y en la orina de los animales. Luego de la administración del antibiótico (20 mg/kg), se tomaron muestras sanguíneas y de orina durante 8 horas y muestras de tejidos entre las 1-1,5 horas. Los principales parámetros farmacocinéticos (media±desvío estándar) para la administración intravenosa fueron: concentración inicial (μg/mL): 135,46±81,42; vidamedia de eliminación (h): 0,21±0,15. Para las administraciones intramuscular y subcutánea los principales parámetros farmacocinéticos fueron respectivamente: concentración máxima (μg/mL): 48,65±6,71 y 28,17±8,44, tiempo de la concentración máxima (h): 0,18±0,06 y 0,82±0,30, y vida media de eliminación (h): 1,04±0,10 y 1,59±0,18. Las concentraciones (μg/g) en tejidos estuvieron entre 3, 35±0,65 y 23.02±8.77. Al cabo de 8 horas se recuperó enla orina el 78,09±24,59% de la dosis administrada. Estos resultados indicarían que cefuroxima administrada a una dosis de 20 mg/kg por las vías estudiadas sería de utilidad para el tratamiento de infecciones producidas por microorganismos susceptibles en gatos.Cefuroxime is a second generation cephalosporin active against gram-positive cocci, gramnegative rods and anaerobes. The aim of the present study is to characterize cefuroxime plasma pharmacokinetics after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to cats; and, to determine cefuroxime concentrations in some tissues and in urine of the animals. After antibiotic administration (20 mg/kg), blood and urine samples were taken during 8 hours and, tissue samples at 1-1.5 hours. After intravenous administration, main pharmacokinetic parameters (mean±SD) were: initial plasma concentration (µg/mL): 135.46±81.42; half-life (h): 0.21±0.15. After intramuscular and subcutaneous administration, main pharmacokinetic parameters were, respectively: maximum plasma concentrations (µg/mL): 48.65±6.71 and 28.17±8.44; time of maximum plasma concentration were 0.18±0.06 h and 0.82±0.30 h; and, elimination half-life (h): 1.04±0.10 and 1.59±0.18. Tissue concentrations (µg/g) ranged between 3,35±0,65 and 23.02±8.77. After 8 hours, 78,09±24,59% of the administered cefuroxime was recovered from urine. The present results showed that cefuroxime, administered at a dosage of 20 mg/kg by intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous route, would be a useful tool for the infection treatment in cats when produced by susceptible microorganisms.Fil: Lorenzini, Paula Mercedes. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Área de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Passini, Sabrina Mariela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Área de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Lupi, M.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Área de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Montoya, L.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Área de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Landoni, Maria Fabiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Albarellos, Gabriela Alejandra. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Área de Farmacología; Argentin