Aspergillus species in Vitis vinifera of organic and conventional farming in the São Francisco Valley, Brazil.

The biodiversity of filamentous fungi is one of the most important contributions to the occurrence of mycotoxins in agricultural products. The fungi species belonging to the genus Aspergillus has been blamed for the presence of mycotoxins in wine. The incidence of fungi of these genera in grapes will depend on climatic conditions, grape variety, form of cultivation and agricultural practices. This study aimed to identify Aspergillus species isolated from wine grapes from organic and conventional cultivation Sub-medium region of the São Francisco Valley. Varieties evaluated were Touriga Nacional and Ruby Cabernet in conventional farming and Tempranillo in organic farming

Diversidade de espécies de Aspergillus e Penicillium em solos de vinhedos da região Tropical Semiárida do Brasil.

O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade de fungos os gêneros Aspergillus e Penicillium isolados de solos de vinhedos da região do Vale Submédio São Francisco. Doze amostras de solo foram coletadas na safra de 2014/2. Para o isolamento de fungos filamentosos foi utilizada a técnica de plaqueamento em superfície em meio DG-18 (Fungi and Food Spoilage, 593, 1997)

Magnetic frustration in low-dimensional substructures of hulsite Ni5.15Sn0.85(O2BO3)2

CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPERJ - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOThis paper presents an extensive study of the structural, magnetic, and thermodynamic properties of the hulsite Ni5.15Sn0.85(O2BO3)(2). The crystal structure of the hulsite has two planar substructures formed by Ni and Sn atoms: one with rectangular configuration and the other with a triangular arrangement. These substructures are linked by the boron ions and by Ni in another site closer to the rectangular arrangement, resulting in a quasi-two-dimensional character. Thus, this system literally adds a new dimension to the study of oxyborates. Our results point to a complex magnetic behavior consistent with these substructures. The planes with rectangular arrangement form a complex magnetic ordering at 180 K (one of the highest magnetic transitions among the oxyborates). The other subsystem, formed by Ni atoms located in a two-dimensional triangular lattice, does not order down to temperatures as low as 3 K. The experimental results suggest a spin-liquid behavior for this subsystem. The magnetic moments of the ions between these planes also freeze at low temperatures. The two magnetic planes coexist as independent subsystems down to the lowest temperatures of our experiments.985110CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPERJ - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPERJ - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAUL

Influence of physical and chemical characteristics of wine grapes on the incidence of Penicillium and Aspergillus fungi in grapes and ochratoxin A in wines

The incidence of filamentous fungi and toxin levels in grapes and wines varies depending on the variety of grapes, the wine region, agricultural practices, weather conditions, the harvest and the winemaking process. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi isolated fromwine grapes of the semi-arid tropical region of Brazil, evaluate the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in the experimental wine and verify if there is a correlation between occurrence of these fungi and the physicochemical characteristics of the wine grapes grown in the region. For the isolation of fungi we used the direct plating technique. The presence of OTA in the experimental wine was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The species found were Aspergillus niger, A. carbonarius, A. aculeatus, A. niger Aggregate, A. flavus, A. sojae, Penicillium sclerotiorum, P. citrinum, P. glabrum, P. decumbens, P. solitum and P. implicatum. All isolates of A. carbonarius were OTA producers and all P. citrinum were citrinin producers. The highest concentration of OTA was found in red wine (0.29 ?g/L). All species identified in this study, except A. flavus, showed a positive correlation with at least one physicochemical parameter assessed, highlighting the pectin content, total sugar, total acidity and phenolic compounds

Fungos ocratoxigênicos em uvas viníferas Syrah cultivadas no Vale do Submédio São Francisco.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi isolar e identificar espécies de fungos potencialmente produtores de OTA em uvas Syrah cultivadas no Vale do Submédio São Francisco, bem como avaliar a capacidade produtora desses fungos

Effects of gender and race on prognosis after myocardial infarction: Adverse prognosis for women, particularly black women

Controversy has arisen concerning whether gender influences the prognosis after myocardial infarction. Although some studies have shown there to be no difference between the sexes, most have indicated a worse prognosis for women, attributing this to differences in baseline characteristics. It has been further suggested that black women have a particularly poor prognosis after infarction. To determine the contribution of gender and race to the course of infarction, 816 patients with confirmed myocardial infarction who were enrolled in the Multi-center Investigation of the Limitation of Infarct Size (MILIS) were analyzed. Of those patients, 226 were women and 590 were men, 142 were black and 674 were white.The cumulative mortality rate at 48 months was 36% for women versus 21% for men (p < 0.001, mean follow-up 32 months). The cumulative mortality rate by race was 34% for blacks versus 24% for whites (p < 0.005). Both women and blacks exhibited more baseline characteristics predictive of mortality than did their male or white counterparts. It was possible to account for the greater mortality rate of blacks by identifiable baseline variables; however, even after adjustment, the mortality rate for women remained significantly higher (p < 0.002). The poorer prognosis for women was influenced by a particularly high mortality rate among black women (48%); the mortality rate for white women was 32%, for black men 23% and for white men 21%. The mortality for black women was significantly greater than that of the other subgroups. Thus, findings in the MILIS population indicate that the prognosis after myocardial infarction is worse for women, particularly black women

Incidência de fungos ocratoxigênicos em uvas destinadas a produção de vinhos do Nordeste brasileiro.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a incidência de fungos Aspergillus em uvas viníferas (Alicante Bouschet), cultivadas no Nordeste brasileiro

Thermal stability and magnetic properties of FeSiB amorphous alloy

It is well known that magnetic amorphous materials, in particular the commercial metallic glass ribbons, have good soft magnetic properties, such as: low coercivity, high magnetic saturation field, and high magnetic permeability. However, these properties change significantly when these materials undergo thermal treatments. For these reasons, the study and controlling of thermal stability of such alloys are key questions for sensor applications. In this work we have investigated the thermal and magnetic properties of the Fe78B13Si9 metallic glass.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Hybridization in human evolution: Insights from other organisms

During the late Pleistocene, isolated lineages of hominins exchanged genes thus influencing genomic variation in humans in both the past and present. However, the dynamics of this genetic exchange and associated phenotypic consequences through time remain poorly understood. Gene exchange across divergent lineages can result in myriad outcomes arising from these dynamics and the environmental conditions under which it occurs. Here we draw from our collective research across various organisms, illustrating some of the ways in which gene exchange can structure genomic/phenotypic diversity within/among species. We present a range of examples relevant to questions about the evolution of hominins. These examples are not meant to be exhaustive, but rather illustrative of the diverse evolutionary causes/consequences of hybridization, highlighting potential drivers of human evolution in the context of hybridization including: influences on adaptive evolution, climate change, developmental systems, sex-differences in behavior, Haldane’s rule and the large X-effect, and transgressive phenotypic variation.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151330/1/evan21787.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151330/2/evan21787_am.pd