THE GASTRIC DILATATION AND TORSION IN DOGS, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Enlargment of the stomach associated with rotation on its mesenteric axis is referred to gastric dilatation-volvulus. Generally gastric dilatation volvulus is an acute condition. The gastric enlargement is thought to be associated with a functional or mechanical gastric outflow obstruction. The initiating cause is unknown: however the stomach dilates, normal physiologic means of removing air are hindered because the esophageal and pyloric portals are obstructed. This study was performed in Petlife Hospital, Kombinat, Tiranë during the period 2013-2014. During this period we have examined 30 cases of dogs with gastric signs like abdominal distention, vomiting, salivation anorexia etc. 20 of them are diagnosed with gastric dilatation and in 8 cases was observed also volvulus. 18 of these dogs were large , deep chested breeds. The light cases of stomach obstruction have been treated by medical way and the problematic lifethreating in the surgical way. The most successful treatment of the GD and GDV pathologies in dogs is the surgical treatment combined with medical treatment.Keywords: Gastric dilatation, gastric volvulus, dog, abdominal distension.

THE EFFICACY OF GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY FOR DIAGNOSIS OF THE SURGICAL GASTRIC PATHOLOGIES

Gastrointestinal endoscopy for small animals has evolved to become both an important diagnostic option and, in some situations even a therapeutic solution. Once considered to be only an adjunct to other diagnostic means, gastrointestinal endoscopy is now one of the most important techniques for evaluating patients with gastrointestinal signs. The minimal invasiveness, the increasing diagnostic capabilities, and the professional enjoyment in performing endoscopic procedures all add to the popularity of endoscopy in small animal practice. Endoscopy lends itself to a role of gastrointestinal evaluation because it provides visual documentation of the gastrointestinal lumen and the ability to collect samples for analysis, remove foreign bodies. Often other diagnostic test such as barium contrast studies or ultrasound evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract may not be sensitive enough to delineate many gastrointestinal mucosal disorders and fail to provide a means of collecting tissue for analysis . The gastrointestinal endoscopy has been performed for the first time in Petlife Hospital and the Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Tirana District in 12 dogs of different breeds, gender and age. All these dogs have exhibited clinical signs as anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, dysphagia, hematemesis, melena, mucoid feces, nausea, regurgitation, salivation tenesmus, vomiting and weight loss. Through gastric endoscopy was performed visual examination of the mucosal surface. The potential limitation of gastrointestinal endoscopy was the inability to diagnose submucosal lesions, gastrointestinal motility disorders or lesions that couldn’t be reached by endoscope. In 5 cases have been removed esophageal and gastric foreign bodies. In 2 adult dogs were identified the presence of gastric tumors. All the animals that have been examined through endoscopy were sedated with sedatives. As a conclusions the gastroscopy endoscopy remains in our days one of the most efficient diagnostic way of many surgical gastric pathologies.Keywords: Endoscopy, vomiting, analysis, gastrointestinal, submucosal

EFFECTS OF ATROPINE SULPHATE PRIOR TO USAGE OF PRE ANESTHETIC AND ANESTHETICS IN DOGS

In this study two protocols of anesthesia in dogs using different medicament combinations were compared for their efficiency and side effects in dogs. For this purpose dogs of different ages, races, and weight delivered for curing purposes have been involved in this study. In the first group of dogs the anaesthesia protocol comprising of xylazine as sedative substance, acepromazine as tranqulizier, ketamine as narcotic medicament IM (Intramusculuar) wereadministered, and in control group prior to application of xylazine, acepromazine, ketamine IM the atropine sulphate was administered. The goal of different combinations of medicaments with tranquilizing, sedative, narcotic and anticholinergic effect was the evaluation for better combination with fewer side effects for narcosis in ambulatory conditions. In first group, effect of mixture acepromazine + xylazine is reached after 51,3 minutes after I/M injection, meanwhile the speed of anaesthetic induction with additional application of ketamine is reached after 3 1,6 min after injection. In the second group as control group the administration of atropine sulphate 10 minutes prior injection of mixture acepromazine + xylazine and ketamine reaches the mixture effect after 41,2 minutes from last injection I/M. Meanwhile the speed of anaesthetic induction in second group with additional application of ketamine is reached after 3 1,1 minutes after injection. The combinations studied here revealed satisfactory results, assuring good anesthesia, less side effects and easy to perform in ambulatory conditions