Rancang ulang alat pengering kakao tipe drawer dryer pada usaha mandiri kakao Desa Wiyono Kabupaten Pesawaran

Cocoa is a commodity that has a high economic value. According to the 2013 FAO, Indonesia ranks third as the largest cocoa producing country in the world and accounts for 17% of world cocoa production with an area of 1,774,303.97 ha of plantations. In Lampung province, many cocoa farmers process their own garden products into dry cocoa using conventional processes and the results are judged to be less efficient so that the quality of the dried cocoa beans produced is not good. In the conventional drying process requires firewood up to 1 cubic, drying time is 10 hours, and cocoa must be stirred every 30 minutes. This study aims to redesign conventional cocoa dryers in one of Wiyono village's independent businesses to be better in terms of heat distribution, fuel consumption, and drying time. In this research, MATLAB computation and simulation software are used to simplify the design process. The design that was carried out only modified the existing dryer without changing the total dryer system by adding a heating pipe into the drying chamber to produce better quality cocoa. From the results of simulations that have been carried out on the longitudinal axis alignment pipe design, the results of heat distribution are more evenly distributed than that of the widest axis directional pipeline arrangement. With the design of the longitudinal axis arrangement of the pipe, an estimated drying time of 7.9 hours is obtained, fuel consumption is between 0.15-0.28 m3 firewood, and there is no need for stirring during the drying process.Keywords: Cocoa, redesign, dryer, MATLAB

Applying refinement to the use of mice and rats in rheumatoid arthritis research

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a painful, chronic disorder and there is currently an unmet need for effective therapies that will benefit a wide range of patients. The research and development process for therapies and treatments currently involves in vivo studies, which have the potential to cause discomfort, pain or distress. This Working Group report focuses on identifying causes of suffering within commonly used mouse and rat ‘models’ of RA, describing practical refinements to help reduce suffering and improve welfare without compromising the scientific objectives. The report also discusses other, relevant topics including identifying and minimising sources of variation within in vivo RA studies, the potential to provide pain relief including analgesia, welfare assessment, humane endpoints, reporting standards and the potential to replace animals in RA research

Objects of humour: the puppet as comic performer

Many of the studies that explore the fascination audiences have with puppets have focused largely on the relationship between the operator and the object and the illusion engendered through performance. Those that attend to the issue of humour, such as Dina and Joel Sherzer’s Humour and Comedy in Puppetry in 1987, tend to address generic comic components of specific puppet practices, and only minimally engage with the more fundamental concerns about how the object may be viewed humorously by audiences. This article intends to bridge this gap in scholarship by exploring the similarities between spectatorship and humour in relation to puppet practices. Drawing links between the incongruities inherent within puppet forms, particularly those revealed through the juxtaposition of object and human operator, and theories of humour, I argue that there is amusement to be found in seeing the inanimate animated, which is similar to the pleasure found in incongruous humour. While not all puppets are used for comic purposes, my argument suggests that the fundamental collaboration required for an audience to appreciate a puppet performance lends the form a particular comic specialism which may help explain why, historically, puppets appear to thrive in comic contexts

A comparison of a social support physical activity intervention in weight management among post-partum Latinas

BACKGROUND: Weight gain during the childbearing years and failure to lose pregnancy weight after birth contribute to the development of obesity in postpartum Latinas. METHODS: Madres para la Salud [Mothers for Health] was a 12-month, randomized controlled trial exploring a social support intervention with moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) seeking to effect changes in body fat, fat tissue inflammation, and depression symptoms in sedentary postpartum Latinas. This report describes the efficacy of the Madres intervention. RESULTS: The results show that while social support increased during the active intervention delivery, it declined to pre-intervention levels by the end of the intervention. There were significant achievements in aerobic and total steps across the 12 months of the intervention, and declines in body adiposity assessed with bioelectric impedance. CONCLUSIONS: Social support from family and friends mediated increases in aerobic PA resulting in decrease in percent body fat. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01908959