Rôle des récepteurs vasculaires de l'angiotensine II dans la régulation de l'expression des protéines de la matrice extracellulaire, des intégrines et de l'activité des métalloprotéinases de la matrice (MMPs)

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

La gestion des Activités éducatives de la direction et le fonctionnement de l'école primaire

Many actors in the field of education assert that principals should pay closer attention to educational activities in order to ensure students' achievement. This paper presents a research conducted with 138 principals and 421 teachers which aimed at assessing the frequency of principals' interventions on managing educational activities in elementary schools in Quebec. In addition, this study examines the relations between principals' management of educational activities and the different aspect of the school's functioning. The results show that principals intervene more frequently in specific areas of management such as parents' involvement and the support of at-risk students rather than the supervision of teachers and students' performance. Hence, the quality of the school's functioning varies in the nature and frequency of the principal's intervention which illustrates the importance of their managerial work.Key words:    management of educational activities, educational leadership, school's functioning, students' achievement

Geographical variation of Crohn's disease residual incidence in the Province of Quebec, Canada

Abstract Background Crohn's disease (CD) is clinically expressed as a chronic affection of the gastrointestinal tract currently known to have a multifactorial etiology involving a complex pathophysiological host response modulated by genetic susceptibilities, demographic determinants and environmental factors. With more than 20 cases per 100,000 person-years, the province of Quebec, Canada is among regions of the world with highest reported occurrence of CD in relation to other places where comparable estimates are available. This ecological study was designed to provide a medium-scale spatial exploration of CD incidence after accounting for the influence of known population and regional determinants. Health records of consulting patients in southern Quebec were compiled from 1995 to 2000 and used to estimate age and sex standardized rates per health area (n = 156). Various statistical models taking into account the regional effect of Jewish ethnicity, aboriginal ancestry, material deprivation, prescription for oral contraceptives, reportable enteric infection incidence, smoking as well as latitude and longitude locations were fitted. Results The final regression model presented a coefficient of determination of 22.8% and there was evidence of an eastern trend in the residual incidence (p = 0.018). Overall, the smoothed residual incidence presented a heterogeneous spatial pattern with evidence of patches (multiple health areas) of high, low and contrasting values. Health areas with most extreme incidence residuals where also distributed over the whole province including one area in the metropolitan area of Montreal and others in surrounding areas. Conclusions These findings suggest that known populational and regional factors derived through census information only explain a limited fraction of the geographical variation of CD incidence and lead to speculate that the effects of these factors may be incompletely captured (imperfect construction of proxy variables) or that other important factors remain unmeasured. In this view, markers of genetic profiles of homogeneous sub-populations, and other factors linked to agroenvironmental microbial exposure should be further investigated. Once accounting for known factors, it would also be worth comparing adjacent geographical areas demonstrating abrupt changes in residual incidence rates to further explore effect linked to regional factors from those resulting from various reporting systems.</p