Cytomorphological changes in breast carcinomas, after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a study of twenty cases

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy administered pre-operatively is the standard of care therapy for locally advanced breast cancers, mainly for clinical down staging. The histopathological evaluation of tumor response is the gold standard. Aims: To study the morphological changes induced with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast carcinoma and assess the response or non-response of cancers to systemic therapy, based on a web based calculation script at www.mdanderson.org/breastcancer_RCB and also evaluated basing on NSABP-B18 system.Methods: 20 cases of radical mastectomies in locally advanced breast carcinomas with neoadjuvant chemotherapy are studied.Results: All the cases are female breast cancers. Macroscopically, the size of the tumor bed ranges from 10 mm to 90 mm in maximum dimension. The morphological changes: Tumor cellularity, cytomorphological changes. In the present study 20% of cases are pCR/RCB 0, 40% are pNR/RCB III cases and 40% are pPR/RCB I & II (i.e. pCR- pathological complete response, pNR-pathological no response, pPR-pathological partial response, RCB-Residual Cancer Burden).   Conclusions: The spectrum of changes observed in the tumor bed is coagulative necrosis, hyalinisation, dystrophic calcification and intense mononuclear inflammatory cell collections, cytoplasmic vacuolization and bizarre nuclei.  Quantification of the residual disease by RCB system and to categorize the residual disease is important, to predict the disease-free relapse rate.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MODIFIED ORAL CHRONOTROPIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS OF TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PAIN

Objective: The main aim was to develop a modified oral chronotropic system for timed release tramadol hydrochloride (tramadol HCl). Biological rhythms are highly organized for all functions of the human body both in health and in disease. Hence, drug delivery systems were designed to make possible the treatment of illness based on biological rhythms for improving therapeutic efficacy. Materials and Methods: These systems consist of immediate release core tablet of tramadol HCl using different materials such as SSG, crospovidone, pregelatinized starch and then coated with Tamarindus gum, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and their combination. This coated tablet is enteric coated with Eudragit L 100, Eudragit S100 to produce lag time period of 5 h. Results: Immediate release systems are optimized with formulation F6 containing pregelatinized starch as an immediate release agent, the formulation is coated with Tamarindus gum, HPMC, and their combination. The release retardant behavior of Tamarindus gum was evaluated in compressed coated formulations. This coated tablet is enteric coated with Eudragit L 100, Eudragit S100 to release the drug after the lag time period of 5 h. Conclusion: A modified oral chronotropic system for timed release of tramadol HCl was made possible with the compressed coated tablets CF3 which shows better drug release followed by enteric coating with Es c coat fulfilled our objective of work

Online Learning Center for JAVA

In our project, we want to develop an online-tutorial which helps students to learn and practice basic program functions in Java. It includes learning the major features in Java language and practicing developing programs by online quizzes, code generating, debugging, executing, and verifying the result. In short our projects show a Java tutorial which includes learning materials and online Java compiler and interpreter to execute Java programs

A study of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptor, in atrophic, hyperplastic and malignant endometrial lesions, with emphasis on relationship with prognostic parameters

Background: Aims of current study were to study the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in atrophic, hyperplastic and malignant endometrial tissue, using immunohistochemical markers.Methods: The study includes 100 cases of endometrial tissues (25 cases each of atrophic and hyperplastic endometria and 50 cases of endometrial carcinomas).Results: In atrophic endometrial, 20 cases were ER and PR rich. 5 cases showed complete loss of hormone receptors (4 were type I and 1 type II). All the 25 cases of hyperplasias were ER and PR positive with varying H-score. The analysis of the hormone receptors in endometrial carcinomas, indicated that ER in 34 cases (68%) and of the PR in 38 cases (76%) were positive.Conclusions: Majority of the asymptomatic postmenopausal atrophic and hyperplastic endometria, expressed ER and PR. The value of the statistical significance was equal for atrophic vs. carcinomas and also hyperplastic vs. carcinomas. Positive ER PR expression was significantly associated with grade I-II and stage IB tumours. The correlation of immunohistochemical findings with histologic grade and clinical stage could help in predicting biologic behaviour and planning treatment in patients who are diagnosed as having these tumors.

4-WAY CURRENT INVERTER TO COMPENSATE POWER COMPONENTS

Renewable generation affects power quality because of its nonlinearity, since solar generation plants and wind power machines should be attached to the grid through high-power static PWM converters. The non-uniform nature of power generation directly affects current regulation and fosters current distortion in power systems. This new scenario in power distribution systems will need modern-day compensation techniques. An active power filter implemented obtaining a four-leg current-source inverter obtaining a predictive control plan's presented. Getting a four-leg current-source inverter enables the compensation of current harmonic components, additionally to unbalanced current produced by single-phase nonlinear loads. An average power distribution system with alternative energy generation, it provides various power generation models and several types of loads. Both kinds of power generation use ac/ac and electricity/ac static PWM converters for current conversion and battery banks for longer term energy storage.  The compensation performance within the suggested active power filter combined with connected control plan under steady condition and transient operating conditions is proven through simulations and experimental results. An thorough yet simple mathematical type of the active power filter, such as the aftereffect in the power system impedance, comes and experienced in design the predictive control formula

A case series of sarcomatoid transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis and collecting duct carcinoma of kidney

Sarcomatoid transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the renal pelvis and collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) of the kidney are rare types of malignant renal tumors with aggressive behavior. Here, we report a case series of these tumors, in males of age 65 years and 72 years, respectively. In both the cases, the left kidney was affected and they underwent the left-sided radical nephroureterectomy. Histologically, sarcomatoid TCC showed two components with invasive TCC and areas with spindle cells and osteoclastic type of giant cells. The immunohistochemistry showed diffuse positivity for CK7 and negativity for CK20 and p63 in both the components. CDC showed tubule-papillary patterns with marked desmoplasia. The patients were disease free after a follow-up of 12 months and 2½ years, respectively, without any adjuvant therapy

A rare association of brucellosis and pulmonary hydatid cyst in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus

Background: Hydatid disease, or cystic echinococcosis, is a parasitic infection caused by a tapeworm. Pulmonary hydatid infection is the second common manifestation of hydatid disease. We present a patient who was diagnosed with recurrent hydatid cyst in lung and later diagnosed with brucellosis, which is a highly contagious zoonotic disease. Case presentation: A 47-years-old male was diagnosed with pulmonary hydatid disease after a computed tomography (CT) chest-plain was done. As the patient had high intermittent fever for 4 months which could not be explained by an intact cyst in the followup, the patient was diagnosed with brucellosis with both IgG and IgM antibodies positive. Conclusions: Hydatid cyst present with varied symptomatology. A high degree of clinical suspicion combined with meticulous history and clinical examination supported by laboratory investigations are required for its diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of considering brucella as a differential diagnosis

Efficacy of Nanocutting Fluids in Machining-an Experimental Investigation

This paper presents the experimental investigations on the performance of eco-friendly vegetable oil based nanofluids in turning operation. In order to assess the quality of nano cutting fluids used during machining, cutting temperatures, cutting forces, tool wear and surface roughness under constant cutting conditions are measured. The influence of two types of nanofluids prepared from nano boric acid (NBA) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) mixed separately with coconut oil (CC), on machining performance during turning operation is examined. Comparative analysis of the results obtained is done under dry, soluble oil (SL) and lubricant environments at constant cutting conditions and 0.25% nano particle inclusions (NPI). To understand the influence of NPI experiments were conducted using CCNBA and CCCNT at varying NPI as well. Results obtained using cutting fluids prepared from vegetable oil based nanofluids are encouraging and more pronouncing by the application of CCCNT at machining zone. The extent of improvement in reduction of cutting temperatures, main cutting force, tool wear and surface roughness is tracked to be 13%, 37.5%, 44% and 40% respectively by the application of CCCNT compared to dry machining. It was found that application of CCNBA and CCCNT at 0.5% NPI is more effective in improving the machining performance