Respondent-Driven Sampling for Surveying Ethnic Minorities in Ecuador

In this work, we consider the problem of surveying a population of young Indigenous, Montubios and Afro-Ecuadorians to study their living conditions and socioeconomic issues. We conducted a Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey in the canton of Riobamba, Ecuador. RDS is a network-based sampling method intended to survey hidden or hard-to-reach populations. We have obtained RDS estimates and confidence intervals of these characteristics. We have illustrated and discussed some of the assumptions of the method using some available diagnostic tools. Our results suggest that RDS is an effective methodology for studying social and economic issues of this ethnic minority in Ecuador. This technique is relatively easy to implement and has the potential to be applied to survey other hidden populations in other settings.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spain MTM2015-63609-

La incorporación de las líneas móviles al marco muestral de las encuestas telefónicas: Pertinencia, métodos y resultados

En una parte creciente de los hogares españoles (entre el 20% y el 25% según la fuente consultada), el teléfono móvil ha reemplazado al fijo como la herramienta principal de comunicación a distancia. Las personas que residen en estos hogares presentan un perfil específico que les diferencia de aquellos que disponen de ambas tecnologías, y, en mayor medida, de quienes sólo tienen teléfono fijo. La consecuencia principal de este proceso para la investigación mediante encuestas telefónicas es que, si bien la cobertura de la telefonía es prácticamente universal, cada día son más los hogares excluidos del marco muestral de las encuestas telefónicas tradicionales. En los últimos años se ha generado un cuerpo creciente de literatura en torno a este problema que advierte de la necesidad de incorporar las líneas móviles en las encuestas telefónicas. Desde 2007, hemos llevado a cabo seis encuestas, de ámbito nacional y regional, basadas en el uso de marcos muestrales duales de líneas fijas y móviles. El objetivo del artículo es contribuir al debate sobre las soluciones al reto que plantea la población que sólo es accesible a través del móvil. Para ello, expondremos los procedimientos técnicos y metodológicos que hemos aplicado para realizar estas encuestas. Asimismo, basándonos en los resultados obtenidos, mostraremos que la incorporación de las líneas móviles tiene efectos positivos sobre los indicadores de calidad de las encuestas y los datos recogidos en ellas.Peer Reviewe

"Influencia del apoyo social, la autoestima, el estigma personal y el grupo de ayuda mutua en la calidad de vida de afectados por trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo”

El trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) es un grave problema de salud mental que causa un gran deterioro y una reducción significativa de la calidad de vida. Aunque actualmente hay tratamientos psicológicos eficaces basados en la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual, es necesario seguir investigando para diseñar programas que incidan no sólo en la sintomatología del trastorno; sino también en la mejoría de la calidad de vida del paciente. El objetivo del presente estudio es investigar mediante un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo cómo se relacionan e influyen las variables apoyo social, autoestima, estigma personal y el conocimiento del trastorno (según un grupo de ayuda mutua específico para el TOC) en la calidad de vida en general de personas afectadas. <br /

Treating Nonresponse in Probability-Based Online Panels through Calibration: Empirical Evidence from a Survey of Political Decision-Making Procedures

The use of probability-based panels that collect data via online or mixed-mode surveys has increased in the last few years as an answer to the growing concern with the quality of the data obtained with traditional survey modes. However, in order to adequately represent the general population, these tools must address the same sources of bias that affect other survey-based designs: namely under coverage and non-response. In this work, we test several approaches to produce calibration estimators that are suitable for survey data affected by non response where auxiliary information exists at both the panel level and the population level. The first approach adjusts the results obtained in the cross-sectional survey to the population totals, while, in the second, the weights are the result of two-step process where different adjusts on the sample, panel, and population are done. A simulation on the properties of these estimators is performed. In light of theory and simulation results, we conclude that weighting by calibration is an effective technique for the treatment of non-response bias when the response mechanism is missing at random. These techniques have also been applied to real data from the survey Andalusian Citizen Preferences for Political Decision-Making Procedures.The work was supported by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spain, under Grant MTM2015-63609-R

No magic bullet: estimating anti-immigrant sentiment and social desirability bias with the item-count technique

Extant scholarship on attitudes toward immigration and immigrants relies mostly on direct survey items. Thus, little is known about the scope of social desirability bias, and even less about its covariates. In this paper, we use probability-based mixed-modes panel data collected in the Southern Spanish region of Andalusia to estimate anti-immigrant sentiment with both the item-count technique, also known as list experiment, and a direct question. Based on these measures, we gauge the size of social desirability bias, compute predictor models for both estimators of anti-immigrant sentiment, and pinpoint covariates of bias. For most respondent profiles, the item-count technique produces higher estimates of anti-immigrant sentiment than the direct question, suggesting that self-presentational concerns are far more ubiquitous than previously assumed. However, we also find evidence that among people keen to position themselves as all-out xenophiles, social desirability pressures persist in the list-experiment: the full scope of anti-immigrant sentiment remains elusive even in non-obtrusive measurement.European Regional Development FundSpanish Ministry of Science and Innovation—Agencia Estatal de Investigació

Tracing the Impact of Proposals from Participatory Processes: Methodological Challenges and Substantive Lessons

Our understanding of participatory processes is increasing rapidly. However, one area that has received sparse attention is the impact of the proposals from participatory processes on the policy and practice of public administrations. Which proposals are converted into actual policy and practice; which are modified or simply ignored? The field lacks a systematic understanding of the fate of proposals. This paper reflects on the methodological strategy adopted by the Cherry-picking project to analyze the fate of proposals from participatory processes in Spanish municipalities. The innovative project studied the impact of 611 proposals from 39 participatory processes across 25 municipalities. The paper not only describes and discusses the methodological challenges faced by the project, but also presents preliminary findings and a review of the substantive lessons learned through the design and fieldwork process

Encuesta sobre actitudes hacia la inmigración y los inmigrantes en España (EASIE survey)

[Description of methods used for data collection] The EASIE survey was directed to a vast sample of Spanish nationals residing in Spain (N=2.344); data were collected by a combination of self-administered online questionnaires (CAWI; N=1.965) and telephone interviews (CATI; N=379); the latter were employed for sociodemographic profiles with low Internet use. Fieldwork was conducted by IMOP Insights, a specialized private-sector entity. The survey was approved by the Spanish Research Council’ Ethics Committee (reference nº 127/2020). The CAWI sample was random-selected among members of E-MOP who met required profile characteristics (age group, sex, etc.). E-MOP is a probability-based internet panel run by IMOP Insights. With a view to obtaining the best possible match between sample and the population of study, the CATI sample employed a dual (landline & mobile) sampling frame that sought to compensate internet penetration rates in each age group. Landline participants were selected in two steps: random selection of households based on landline listings, and subsequent quota-based selection of individuals (age & sex), always giving preference to the household member whose profile was worst represented in the sample at the time of call and postponing the interview if that person was temporarily unavailable. Mobile lines were randomly generated from the ranges assigned by the Spanish phone regulator to each mobile operator, automatically discarding inactive lines; the database was checked prior to fieldwork. For the CAWI sample, an average of 3 reminders were sent (maximum 5 contacts, i.e., initial invitation plus 4 reminders). For CATI, selected numbers not contacted at the first attempt were called two more times on average. Average questionnaire duration was 13.6 minutes for CAWI and 19.7 minutes for CATI. For illustrative purposes, the nominal margin of sampling error under the assumption of simple probability sampling for the whole sample (not applicable in this case) would be ±2.1 for p=q=50% and a significance level of 95%.“codebook” and “readme” are English translations of the corresponding Spanish-language documents.[EN] This survey provides detailed information on the Spanish population’s attitudes toward immigration and immigrants, as well as a wide array of potential covariates such as sociodemographic characteristics, perceptions of economic and social context and political attitudes, among others. The survey was fielded in October of 2020, combining self-administered online interviews (CAWI) and telephone interviews (CATI), to a sample of Spanish nationals residing in Spain (N=2,344). This survey was part of the research project “Explaining Placid Attitudes toward Immigrants in Spain (EASIE)”, funded by MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033/ and by ERDF “A way of making Europe” (CSO2017-87364-R; Principal Investigator: Sebastian Rinken).[ES] Esta encuesta proporciona información detallada sobre las actitudes de la población española hacia el hecho inmigratorio y las personas inmigradas, así como un amplio abanico de variables potencialmente relacionadas con ellas (rasgos sociodemográficos; percepciones del contexto económico y político; actitudes políticas; etc.). La encuesta fue ejecutada en octubre de 2020 mediante una combinación de entrevistas auto-administradas por internet (CAWI) y entrevistas telefónicas (CATI) dirigidas a una amplia muestra de la población residente en España y con nacionalidad española (N=2.344). La encuesta se realizó en el marco del proyecto de investigación “Explicando Actitudes Sosegadas hacia los Inmigrantes en España (EASIE)”, financiado por MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033/ y por FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa” (CSO2017-87364-R; investigador principal: Sebastian Rinken).The survey was conducted in the framework of the R+D project entitled “Explaining Placid Attitudes toward Immigrants in Spain” (“Explicando Actitudes Sosegadas hacia los Inmigrantes en España”, acronym EASIE), funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by ERDF “A way of making Europe”, grant number CSO2017-87364-R.EASIE_dataset.csv EASIE_dataset.sav EASIE_codebook_SP.pdf EASIE_codebook_EN.pdf EASIE_readme_SP.pdf EASIE_readme_EN.pdf EASIE survey.pdfPeer reviewe