In vitro phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Mallotus Philippinensis

Background: Mallotus Philippinensis belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae was broadly utilized in traditional medicines especially in the tropical areas. Mostly distributed in the Himalaya from Kashmir East wards besides tropical India. The plant contains high content of steroids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, saponins, alkaloids and carbohydrates. The previous studies demonstrated that plant exerted significant pharmacological effects like anti-helminthics, antifilarial, antiparasitic, antiulcer, antifungal, antibacterial and immuno-regulatory properties, and as an aphrodisiac. Still antimicrobial activities from different solvent extracts of this plant needed to explore.Objective: The goal of the present investigation was to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity from the extract of plant Mallotus Philippinensis. Method: The ethanolic crude extract of plant was extracted by using maceration method. The resulting extracts were used to examined the antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method against some clinical strains (Bacillus, E. coli, S. aureus, Salmonella, Epidermites, E. facillus, Pseudomonas) and some ATCC strains (Bacillus, E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumonia, Pseudomonas) and Phytoconstituents was also investigated for the presence or absence of various metabolites like proteins, carbohydrates, alkaloids , steroids flavonoids and saponin test. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant activity. Results: The ethanol extract exhibit positive results for the inhibition of Bacillus, E. coli, S.aureus, Salmonella , Epidermites, E. facillus , Pseudomonas and also exhibit positive results for ATCC strains Bacillus , E.coli , S. aureus , K.pneumonia , Pseudomonas. The extract showed the presence of proteins, steroids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponin in the phytochemical screening. DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay disclosed the remarkable antioxidant activity of different parts of Mallotus Philippinensis ethanolic crude extracts. Conclusion: The findings of present project indicated that ethanolic extracts of Mallotus Philippinensis are sensitive against test bacteria. They also show antioxidant activity, and they contain rich number of phyto-constituents. In current study only crude extract was investigated for different curative effects against certain standard microbial strain. In future these extracts were considered after purification for development of various therapeutic agents

Assessment of urinary tract infection and their resistance to antibiotics in diabetic and non-diabetic patients

Diabetic patients are more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs) than non-diabetic patients and due to the development of multidrug resistant uropathogenic strains, the choice of antibacterial agents is being limited. The study was undertaken to determine the influence of diabetes mellitus on the uropathogens and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among patients with UTIs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which total of 400 patients were studied out of which 150 were diabetics and 250 were non-diabetics. Patients with negative urine culture (n = 240) were excluded from the study and 160 patients with positive culture of UTIs of which 80 were diabetics and 80 were non-diabetics, included in this study. Clinical data were obtained from individual study participant with informed written consent using pre-tested questionnaire. According to the clean-catch procedure, midstream urine samples were collected and cultured for the diagnosis and susceptibility of bacteriuria. Out of 160 uropathogenic isolates, E. coli was found as a leading pathogen i.e. 46.25% followed by Candida spp. 30.62%, S. Faecalis 15.62%, P. aeruginosa 3.13%, Pneumococcus. 1.25%, MSSA 1.25%, MRSA 0.63%, Proteus spp. 0.63% and Vancomycin resistant enterococcus spp. 0.63%. The results indicated that prevalence of UTIs was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic subjects. E. coli was found to be the most common isolate. It was observed that UTIs in diabetic patients was more in female diabetic patients than in male patients. Investigation of bacteriuria in diabetic patients for UTIs is an important tool for the treatment and prevention of renal complications

Bans of WHO Class I Pesticides in Bangladesh –Suicide Prevention without Hampering Agricultural Output

Pesticide self-poisoning is a major problem in Bangladesh. Over the past 20-years, the Bangladesh government has introduced pesticide legislation and banned highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs) from agricultural use. We aimed to assess the impacts of pesticide bans on suicide and on agricultural production.We obtained data on unnatural deaths from the Statistics Division of Bangladesh Police, and used negative binomial regression to quantify changes in pesticide suicides and unnatural deaths following removal of WHO Class I toxicity HHPs from agriculture in 2000. We assessed contemporaneous trends in other risk factors, pesticide usage and agricultural production in Bangladesh from 1996 to 2014.Mortality in hospital from pesticide poisoning fell after the 2000 ban: 15.1% vs 9.5%, relative reduction 37.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 35.4 to 38.8%]. The pesticide poisoning suicide rate fell from 6.3/100 000 in 1996 to 2.2/100 000 in 2014, a 65.1% (52.0 to 76.7%) decline. There was a modest simultaneous increase in hanging suicides [20.0% (8.4 to 36.9%) increase] but the overall incidence of unnatural deaths fell from 14.0/100 000 to 10.5/100 000 [25.0% (18.1 to 33.0%) decline]. There were 35 071 (95% CI 25 959 to 45 666) fewer pesticide suicides in 2001 to 2014 compared with the number predicted based on trends between 1996 to 2000. This reduction in rate of pesticide suicides occurred despite increased pesticide use and no change in admissions for pesticide poisoning, with no apparent influence on agricultural output.Strengthening pesticide regulation and banning WHO Class I toxicity HHPs in Bangladesh were associated with major reductions in deaths and hospital mortality, without any apparent effect on agricultural output. Our data indicate that removing HHPs from agriculture can rapidly reduce suicides without imposing substantial agricultural costs

Association of Interleukin 17F with Arthritis in Punjabi Families of Pakistan

Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes severe joint pain. Interleukin 17F (IL17F) is considered as a candidate gene functionally; it mediates pro-inflammatory responses, depending on the type and site of inflammation. The present study examined the polymorphism of IL17F (rs763780 and rs2397084) among the families affected by arthritis. Demographic data and blood samples were collected from the families with at least one affected offspring with arthritis. Analysis of the IL17F gene polymorphism was performed by the digestion of DNA with NlaIII and AvaII. The results showed that IL17F rs763780 (AA, AG and GG genotypes) and rs2397084 (AA, AG and GG genotypes) were associated with arthritis (OA & RA). It was evaluated that about 65 and 21 percent of the individuals mutated with homozygous mutation for wild type allele A, heterozygous mutation A/G against selected SNPs respectively. But homozygous polymorphic allele for allele G was only found against rs2397084. Mutation in rs2397084 resulted to change Lysine into Arginine, whereas mutation in rs763780 changed Histidine into Arginine. Maternal history was found as a stronger factor in transferring arthritis. The results of this study revealed an association of arthritis with IL17F among Pakistani population

Centre of Unitary Subgroup of Modular Group Algebra’s

Abstract.: We establish the structure of the centre of V¤(F2k (M2n+1)),V¤(F2k (M2n+1 £ C2)) and V¤(F2k ((M2n+1 £ C2) £ C2)) over a finitefield of characteristics 2 where M2n+1 =< Ã; ¸jÃ2n = ¸2 = 1; ¸Ã =Ã2n+1¸ > is the Modular group having order 2n+1 and C2 is a cyclicgroup of order 2.AMS (MOS) Subject Classification Codes: 16S34,15A15, 15A33Key Words:Modular group, group algebra, circulant matrix, unitary unit group, center ofunitary unit group

Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses About Palliative Care

Palliative care enhances the quality of life. To improve the quality of life, it is necessary for nurses to have good knowledge and attitude towards palliative care. It is imperative that nurses provide quality care to terminally ill and chronically sick patients. The present study was designed to assess the knowledge and attitude of medical staff nurses about palliative care in cancer. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in Mayo Hospital, Lahore and Jinnah Hospital, Lahore with sample size of 300 registered nurses by using the simple random sampling technique. Inclusion and exclusion criteria was used. Data was collected from the nurses who have more than one-year job experience. The statistical analysis results showed that only 43.5% of respondents agree on when the palliative care is needed to be provided. Over all in the study, nurses were less aware about palliative care. Most of the nurses distorted the term palliative care. They become confused about the term palliative care and dying patient care

Assessment of urinary tract infection and their resistance to antibiotics in diabetic and non-diabetic patients

Diabetic patients are more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs) than non-diabetic patients and due to the development of multidrug resistant uropathogenic strains, the choice of antibacterial agents is being limited. The study was undertaken to determine the influence of diabetes mellitus on the uropathogens and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among patients with UTIs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which total of 400 patients were studied out of which 150 were diabetics and 250 were non-diabetics. Patients with negative urine culture (n = 240) were excluded from the study and 160 patients with positive culture of UTIs of which 80 were diabetics and 80 were non-diabetics, included in this study. Clinical data were obtained from individual study participant with informed written consent using pre-tested questionnaire. According to the clean-catch procedure, midstream urine samples were collected and cultured for the diagnosis and susceptibility of bacteriuria. Out of 160 uropathogenic isolates, E. coli was found as a leading pathogen i.e. 46.25% followed by Candida spp. 30.62%, S. Faecalis 15.62%, P. aeruginosa 3.13%, Pneumococcus. 1.25%, MSSA 1.25%, MRSA 0.63%, Proteus spp. 0.63% and Vancomycin resistant enterococcus spp. 0.63%. The results indicated that prevalence of UTIs was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic subjects. E. coli was found to be the most common isolate. It was observed that UTIs in diabetic patients was more in female diabetic patients than in male patients. Investigation of bacteriuria in diabetic patients for UTIs is an important tool for the treatment and prevention of renal complications

A novel frameshift variant in UBA2 causing split-hand/foot malformations in a Pakistani family

Abstract Split-hand/foot malformation (SHFM) shows diverse heterogeneity and manifests with reduced penetrance and variable expressivity. This study investigated the underlying genetic cause of a family segregating SHFM. Exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing identified a novel single nucleotide heterozygous variant (NC_000019.9 (NM_005499.3):c.1118del) in UBA2 cosegregating in the family in an autosomal dominant manner. Our findings conclude that reduced penetrance and variable expressivity are the two remarkable and unusual features of SHFM