Relationship between Carcass Weight, Skatole Level and Sensory Assessment in Fat of Different Boars

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the carcass weight and the level of skatole in boar back fat samples with descriptive sensory profiles ( trained sensory panel) immediately after heating the fat samples ( warm). A weak correlation was found between the carcass weight and skatole level in fat ( P > 0.05). Between skatole levels in the fat of boars, whose carcass weight was below 70 kg, and of those with the carcass weight equal or above 70 kg, there was a statistically significant difference ( P (lt) 0.05). The average content of skatole in the fat tissue of the boars (lt) 70 kg, ( 0.18 +/- 0.09 mg/kg fat, respectively) was below the commonly used respective thresholds for tainted meat ( 0.20 mg/kg fat), 53% of the samples showed the values of (lt) = 20 mg/kg, and 73% of the samples the values of (lt) = 25 mg/kg. In the group >= 70 kg ( 0.40 +/- 0.39 mg/kg fat, respectively), 80% of the samples revealed the values of >= 20 mg/kg, and 66% of the samples the values of >= 25 mg/kg. Our results show that a positive, compelling and statistically highly significant correlation exists between the skatole level and the sensory assessment of skatole intensity in fat

Sensory properties and fatty acids profiles of fermented dry sausages made of pork meat from various breeds

In this study, the parallel examinations on fatty acid profiles and sensory properties of fermented dry sausages are presented. Three types of kulen and sremska sausages were made, which varied depending on the percentage of meat and fat derived from different pig breeds: autochthonous (Swallow-Belly Mangalitsa and Moravka) and commercial (Swedish Landrace). In sausages made from meat of commercial pig breed, the highest cholesterol content was detected. However, sausage made from the Mangalitsa pork meat contained higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and unsaturated fatty acid (USFA), and lower saturated fatty acid levels (SFA). The level of polyunsaturated (PUFA) in sausage made of Landrace pork meat was significantly higher than levels in other types. These differences between fatty acids were mostly deriving by higher total n-6 PUFA content. In a sausage made of Mangulitsa meat, the values of atherogenic (IA) and thrombogenic (IT) health lipid indexes are lower. Kulen and sremska sausages made from the Mangalitsa pork meat was superior in terms of colour, odour, taste, after taste and overall acceptability. This study demonstrate that pig breed have an effect on the chemical content, fatty acids profiles and sensory properties of dry fermented sausages

Ispitivanje zavisnosti između mase trupova i sadržaja skatola u masnom tkivu mladih nerastova

This paper presents the result of investigation of skatole content in fatty tissue of young boars and its relation to carcass weight. A half of examined caracasses weight below 70 kg. The other half weight 0,296 ìg/g of fatty tissue. These results showed weak correlation with carcasses weight (rxy = 0,129). Average skatole content in fatty tissue of young boars with carcass weight below 70 kg was 0,186 ìg/g, while the young boars with carcass weight above 70 kg skatole content was 0,406 ìg/g. Statistically significant difference can be observed between these two groups (P (lt) 0,01). According to our results 46,67% of fatty tissue samples, skatole content was more than 0,25 ìg/g. while 63,33 of samples skatole conent was in the range of 0,20 ìg/g to 0,25 ìg/g. .U ovom radu prezentovani su rezultati ispitivanja sadržaja skatola u masnom tkivu mladih nerastova kao i njegova zavisnost od mase trupova mladih nerastova. Polovina ispitivanih trupova imala je masu ispod 70 kg, a druga polovina, jednaku, ili veću od 70 kg. Prosečan sadržaj skatola iznosio je 0,296 ìg/g masnog tkiva, i imao je jako slabu korelacionu zavisnost sa masom trupova (rxy = 0,129). Prosečan sadržaj skatola u masnom tkivu mladih nerastova, čija je masa trupova bila ispod 70 kg iznosio je 0,186 ìg/g, dok je kod mladih nerastova sa masom trupova iznad 70 kg prosečan sadržaj skatola iznosio 0,406 ìg/g. Između prosečnog sadržaja skatola u masnom tkivu mladih nerastova mase trupa ispod i iznad 70 kg postoji statistički značajna razlika (P (lt) 0,01). Prema našim rezultatima, u 46,67 posto uzoraka masnog tkiva sadržaj skatola iznosio je više od 0,25 ìg/g, a u 63,33 posto uzoraka sadržaj skatola kretao se u opsegu 0,20 ìg/g do 0,25 ìg/g.

Povezanost osobina veličine legla

Heredity and correlation of litter size traits were observed in 3693 litters, i.e. in 1622 daughters of two genotypes Swedish Landrace genotype - SL; and F1 ♀ SLxLW. The study included daughters (minimum ten daughters per sire) of 24 sires. Heritability estimates for the total number of piglets per litter in the first, the first two parities, and for all three parities was 0.174; 0.167 and 0.135. Heritability estimates for the number of piglets born alive were 0.181; 0.160 and 0.121, and for the weight of litter at birth 0.166; 0.174 and 0.150. On the other hand, very low heritability was determined for the number of weaned piglets, litter weight of piglets reared, individual weight of born and reared piglets, i.e. for the traits that are under greater influence of the environment (from 0.004 to 0.037). Phenotypic and genetic correlations ranged from weak to complete (rp = 0.021 to rp = 0.973 and rg=0.188 to rg=0.999, respectively). Analysis of the significance of correlations showed that the genetic correlations were statistically highly significant (P (lt) 0.01).Naslednost i međusobna povezanost osobina veličine legla praćene su za 3693 legla, odnosno kod 1622 kćeri dva genotipa švedski landras - ŠL; i F1 ♀ŠLxVJ. Ispitivanjem su obuhvaćene kćeri (minimalno deset kćeri po ocu) od 24 oca. Heritabiliteti za ukupan broj prasadi u leglu u prvom, prvom i drugom i za sva tri prašenja iznosio je 0,174; 0,167 i 0,135. Za broj živorođene prasadi vrednosi heritabiliteta su iznosile 0,181; 0,160 i 0,121, dok su za masu legla pri rođenju vrednosti 0,166; 0,174 i 0,150. Sa druge strane utvrđen je jako slab heritabilitet za broj odgajene prasadi, masu legla odgajene prasadi, individualnu masu rođene i odgajene prasadi odnosno za ispitivane osobine koje su pod većim uticajem okoline (od 0,004 do 0,037). Fenotipske i genetske korelacije kretale su se od slabih do potpunih (rp=0,021 to rp=0,973 odnosno rg=0,188 to rg=0,999). Testiranje značajnosti korelacija pokazalo je da su genetske bile statistički visoko značajne (P (lt) 0,01)

Fatty acid profile of m. longissimus dorsi of Mangalitsa and Moravka pig breeds

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and fatty acid content in m. longissimus dorsi (MLD) of two indigenous pig breeds (ML - Swallow-belly Mangalitsa and M - Moravka) reared in free range farm conditions and fed complete mixtures used for commercial meat pig genotypes. The body mass of ML and M pigs at slaughter was, on average, 107.14 and 107.61 kg, respectively. In MLD of M pigs, more total fat was measured compared to ML breed (6.96 % compared to 5.10 %, P lt 0.05). Protein content in MLD of ML pigs was higher by +0.92 % (P lt 0.01) compared to M pigs. Male castrates of M pigs had more fat compared to gilts of the same breed (8.64 compared to 5.29 %), and the 3.35 % difference between mean values was statistically significant (P lt 0.05). The breed of pigs influenced the total saturated fatty acids (P=0.011) and mono-unsaturated fatty acid (P=0.003) contents, but not the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (P=0.325). In the case of saturated fatty acids in the MLD of ML and M pigs, the most common were C16:0 (25.05 % and 25.53 %) and C18:0 (12.73 % and 14.40 %). The MLD of M pigs contained 1.67 % more stearic acid compared to ML pigs (P=0.004). Pigs of ML, compared to M pigs, had more C18:1cis-9 (+2.31 %), C16:1 (+0.49 %), C17:1 (+0.10 %) and less C20:1cis-11 (-0.25 %). The content of two essential fatty acids, C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3, did not vary according to breed or sex of pigs (P>0.05). The n-6/n-3 ratio was higher than optimal (18.7 for breed ML and 13.7 for M)

Sastav polutki i kvalitet mesa lasaste mangulice gajene u dva sistema

Objective of this paper was to determine the composition of carcass sides and quality of meat obtained from two groups of fatteners (male castrated pigs) of Swallow-Belly Mangalitsa breed. First group was reared in an open system (SO, n=13) and the other group in farm conditions with free ranges (SI, n=10). Animals were slaughtered in the same slaughtering facility. Left carcass sides were dissected and percentage of meat (Actual LMP) calculated according to EU reference method (EC, No 1249/2008). Data obtained in the study was analyzed using GLM procedure of the program package SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Inst.Inc., 2002-2003).Average pre slaughter body weight of fatteners was 103.83 ± 10.13 kg. Housing and nutrition system in production of fatteners had statistically highly significant effect (p (lt) .0001) on pre-slaughter age of fatteners. Statistically significant differences were obtained only in mean values obtained for back fat measured on single location/position - lower back (BFR I) between fatteners of groups SO and SI. Total weight of all individual carcass side parts and weight of relevant muscle tissue, depended on the weight of warm carcass sides (WHC) but not on the housing system (SBF). Carcass sides of fatteners contained in average 35.64 ± 4.39% of muscle tissue (Actual LMP). Meat content in carcass sides (Predicted LMP) was determined according to Rulebook/Pravilnik (1985) for fatty pig breeds and it was 29.67 ± 1.27%. In the musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) of fatteners reared in closed system, was recorded higher content of water (p=0.0069), lower content of total fats/lipids (p=0.0081) and higher content of ash (p=0.0392) compared to animals from the open system of housing. No statistically significant differences in average protein content (p=0.5940) and pH1 value (p=0.0659) were established between fatteners reared in open and closed system of housing.Cilj ovog rada je bio da se utvrdi sastav polutki i kvalitet mesa tovljenika (muška kastrirana grla) lasaste mangulice gajenih u dva sistema držanja i ishrane. Ustanovljene su statistički značajne razlike srednjih vrednosti samo debljine slanine izmerene na jednoj poziciji na krstima (BFR I) između tovljenika gajenih u otvorenom i zatvorenom sistemu. Sve linearne mere toplih polutki, osim BFR II i BFR III, zavisile su od mase toplih polutki odnosno mase tovljenika pri klanju. Ukupna masa sva četiri pojedinačna dela polutke i masa mišićnog tkiva u njima, zavisila je od mase toplih polutki ali ne i sistema držanja. U polutkama tovljenika bilo je prosečno 35,64 ± 4,39% mišićnog tkiva (Stvarni MTP). Sadržaj mesa u polutkama prema PRAVILNIKU (1985) (Procenjeni MTP) za masne svinje iznosio je 29,67 ± 1,27%. U MLD tovljenika držanih u zatvorenom sistemu utvrđen je veći sadržaj vode (+2,22%, p=0,0069), manji ukupnih masti (-2,64%, p=0,0081) i veći sadržaj pepela (+0,07%, p=0,0392) nego kod grla iz otvorenog sistema držanja

Uticaj rase, nerasta i sezone na neke osobine sperme

The main objective of this study was to assess the phenotypic variability of the ejaculate volume (VOL) and progressive sperm motility (MO) under the influence of breed, boar within breed and season. The study included 555 ejaculates of Danish Landrace (DL), Danish Large White (DLW) and Danish Duroc (DD) boars. The effect of boar was analyzed within the investigated breeds. The impact of the season was investigated as the influence of the month in which the ejaculate was taken. The model included a linear regression effect of boar age when the semen was taken. Data analysis was performed using the statistical package SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Inst. Inc.., 2002-2003). Impact assessment was carried out using the GLM procedure. The impact of all factors analyzed in both sperm traits was significant to highly significant, and the observed factors largely explain the phenotypic variability VOL compared to MO. The highest values were found in VOL of DL boar (3:58 ± 164.96 ml), and the MO of boar breed DLW (85.45 ± 0.94%). Boars DD had VOL and MO below the averages of all analyzed breeds. Between boars within studied genotypes differences were established (p (lt) 0.05, p (lt) 0.05, p (lt) 0.01 p (lt) 0.001) and a boar of DLW breed compared to all tested boars had the highest volume of ejaculate sperm with progressive motility of 90.47%. Volume, or mobility varied (p (lt) 0.01 or p (lt) 0.05) influenced by season, and in September and October boars had ejaculates with the VOL values above average and the lowest MO. Since most VOL and MO above the annual average in June, it was possible to get the highest number of doses per ejaculate with optimal reproductive/fertile ability.Osnovni cilj rada bio je da se oceni fenotipska varijabilnost volumena ejakulata (VOL) i progresivne pokretljivosti spermatozoida (MO) pod uticajem rase, nerasta unutar rase i sezone. Istraživanjem je bilo obuhvaćeno 555 ejakulata nerasta rase danski landras (DL), danski jorkšir (DLW) i danski durok (DD). Uticaj nerasta analiziran je unutar ispitivanih rasa. Uticaj sezone ispitivan je kao uticaj meseca u kojem je uzet ejakulat. U model je uključen i linearni regresijski uticaj starosti nerasta prilikom uzimanja ejakulata. Obrada podataka izvršena je pomoću statističkog paketa SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Inst. Inc., 2002-2003). Ocena uticaja je izvršena primenom GLM procedure. Uticaj svih analiziranih faktora na obe osobine sperme bio je značajan do vrlo visoko značajan, a posmatrani faktori u većoj meri objašnjavaju fenotipsku varijabilnost VOL u odnosu na MO. Najveće vrednosti VOL utvrđene su kod nerasta rase DL (164.96±3.58 ml), a MO kod nerasta rase DLW (85.45±0.94%). Nerasti DD imali su VOL i MO ispod proseka svih analiziranih rasa. Između nerasta unutar ispitivanih genotipova utvrđene su razlike (p>0.05, p (lt) 0.05, p (lt) 0.01, p (lt) 0.001), a nerast rase DLW u odnosu na sve ispitivane neraste imao je najveći volumen ejakulata sa progresivnom pokretljivošću spermatozoida od 90.47%. Volumen, odnosno pokretljivost su varirali (p (lt) 0.01, odnosno p (lt) 0.05) pod uticajem sezone, a u periodu septembar-oktobar nerasti su imali ejakulate sa vrednostima VOL iznad proseka i najnižom MO. S obzirom na najveći VOL i MO iznad godišnjeg proseka, u junu mesecu je bilo moguće dobiti najveći broj doza po ejakulatu sa optimalnom fertilnom sposobnošću

Effect of breed of performance tested boars on ejaculate traits

The main objective of the study was to determine the influence of breed on the traits of boar ejaculate: ejaculate volume (VOL, ml), sperm concentration (CON, x106 sperm/ml), total sperm count in ejaculate (TNS, x109 spermatozoa), sperm motility in native ejaculate (MON, %), sperm motility after dilution (MOD, %) and number of doses produced (NPD). The aim was also to evaluate the correlation of the boar performance test traits: average life daily gain (g), backfat thickness measured in two locations (mm), depth of longissimus dorsi muscle (mm) and carcass meat content (%) with ejaculate traits. Total of 931 ejaculates of 36 boars during reproductive exploitation were analysed (16 Landrace boars and 20 Large White boars). The effect was assessed using the procedure of the general linear model of the statistical package SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Inst. Inc., 2002- 2003). The model for analysis included the influence of breed, season and the linear regression influence of body weight at the end of the performance test. The correlation of the traits was determined by applying the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Most of the examined ejaculate traits (VOL, CON, MOD and NPD) varied under the influence of boar breed (p<0.01; p<0.001). Weight at the end of the test (p<0.05; p<0.01; p<0.001) affected all examined traits, except CON and TNS. A weak association was found between production performance and ejaculate traits

Carcass properties, chemical content and fatty acid composition of the musculus longissimus of different pig genotypes

The aim of this study was to examine carcass properties and variability in chemical content and fatty acid composition in the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (MLLT) of different genotypes of pigs. Of 36 male castrated animals used in the trial, 24 were from two strains of Mangalitsa pigs (12 Swallow bellied (SBM) and 12 White (WM)), while 12 were of the Swedish Landrace (SL) breed (the most abundant meat/fattening breed in Serbia). The warm and cold carcass weights at slaughter were significantly higher in the WM and SL compared with the SBM. Results showed differences in warm and cold carcass dressing percentage between the groups. The SBM had significant lower values than WM and SL pigs. The total fat content was higher in WM and SBM pigs than SL pigs. The SL pigs had a significant higher percentage of water in their MLLT than the SBM and WM pigs. The representative of pig meat breeds, SL, contained significantly less cholesterol in its MLLT compared with the SBM and WM (-15.23% and -15.84%). However, differences in the content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were more expressed and distinct. A higher percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were present in MLTT originating from SL pigs compared with the two Mangalitsa strains. The total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content was higher in SBM and WM than in SL pigs. The alpha linolenic acid concentration (C18:3 n-3) was significantly higher in SBM than in WM and SL pigs