74 research outputs found
Relationship between Carcass Weight, Skatole Level and Sensory Assessment in Fat of Different Boars
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the carcass weight and the level of skatole in boar back fat samples with descriptive sensory profiles ( trained sensory panel) immediately after heating the fat samples ( warm). A weak correlation was found between the carcass weight and skatole level in fat ( P > 0.05). Between skatole levels in the fat of boars, whose carcass weight was below 70 kg, and of those with the carcass weight equal or above 70 kg, there was a statistically significant difference ( P (lt) 0.05). The average content of skatole in the fat tissue of the boars (lt) 70 kg, ( 0.18 +/- 0.09 mg/kg fat, respectively) was below the commonly used respective thresholds for tainted meat ( 0.20 mg/kg fat), 53% of the samples showed the values of (lt) = 20 mg/kg, and 73% of the samples the values of (lt) = 25 mg/kg. In the group >= 70 kg ( 0.40 +/- 0.39 mg/kg fat, respectively), 80% of the samples revealed the values of >= 20 mg/kg, and 66% of the samples the values of >= 25 mg/kg. Our results show that a positive, compelling and statistically highly significant correlation exists between the skatole level and the sensory assessment of skatole intensity in fat
Sensory properties and fatty acids profiles of fermented dry sausages made of pork meat from various breeds
In this study, the parallel examinations on fatty acid profiles and sensory properties of fermented dry sausages are presented. Three types of kulen and sremska sausages were made, which varied depending on the percentage of meat and fat derived from different pig breeds: autochthonous (Swallow-Belly Mangalitsa and Moravka) and commercial (Swedish Landrace). In sausages made from meat of commercial pig breed, the highest cholesterol content was detected. However, sausage made from the Mangalitsa pork meat contained higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and unsaturated fatty acid (USFA), and lower saturated fatty acid levels (SFA). The level of polyunsaturated (PUFA) in sausage made of Landrace pork meat was significantly higher than levels in other types. These differences between fatty acids were mostly deriving by higher total n-6 PUFA content. In a sausage made of Mangulitsa meat, the values of atherogenic (IA) and thrombogenic (IT) health lipid indexes are lower. Kulen and sremska sausages made from the Mangalitsa pork meat was superior in terms of colour, odour, taste, after taste and overall acceptability. This study demonstrate that pig breed have an effect on the chemical content, fatty acids profiles and sensory properties of dry fermented sausages
Ispitivanje zavisnosti izmeÄu mase trupova i sadržaja skatola u masnom tkivu mladih nerastova
This paper presents the result of investigation of skatole content in fatty tissue of young boars and its relation to carcass weight. A half of examined caracasses weight below 70 kg. The other half weight 0,296 Ƭg/g of fatty tissue. These results showed weak correlation with carcasses weight (rxy = 0,129). Average skatole content in fatty tissue of young boars with carcass weight below 70 kg was 0,186 Ƭg/g, while the young boars with carcass weight above 70 kg skatole content was 0,406 Ƭg/g. Statistically significant difference can be observed between these two groups (P (lt) 0,01). According to our results 46,67% of fatty tissue samples, skatole content was more than 0,25 Ƭg/g. while 63,33 of samples skatole conent was in the range of 0,20 Ƭg/g to 0,25 Ƭg/g. .U ovom radu prezentovani su rezultati ispitivanja sadržaja skatola u masnom tkivu mladih nerastova kao i njegova zavisnost od mase trupova mladih nerastova. Polovina ispitivanih trupova imala je masu ispod 70 kg, a druga polovina, jednaku, ili veÄu od 70 kg. ProseÄan sadržaj skatola iznosio je 0,296 Ƭg/g masnog tkiva, i imao je jako slabu korelacionu zavisnost sa masom trupova (rxy = 0,129). ProseÄan sadržaj skatola u masnom tkivu mladih nerastova, Äija je masa trupova bila ispod 70 kg iznosio je 0,186 Ƭg/g, dok je kod mladih nerastova sa masom trupova iznad 70 kg proseÄan sadržaj skatola iznosio 0,406 Ƭg/g. IzmeÄu proseÄnog sadržaja skatola u masnom tkivu mladih nerastova mase trupa ispod i iznad 70 kg postoji statistiÄki znaÄajna razlika (P (lt) 0,01). Prema naÅ”im rezultatima, u 46,67 posto uzoraka masnog tkiva sadržaj skatola iznosio je viÅ”e od 0,25 Ƭg/g, a u 63,33 posto uzoraka sadržaj skatola kretao se u opsegu 0,20 Ƭg/g do 0,25 Ƭg/g.
Uticaj genotipa i godine na osobine performans testiranih nazimica
Objective of this research was to establish the effect of animal genotype, year of measuring and birth on traits of performance tested gilts: age at the end of the test (AET), life daily gain (LDG), back fat thickness 1 and 2 (BFT1 and BFT2), depth of back muscle (MLD) and assessed share of meat in carcass. Of total number of animals (n=3600) included in the research, 1709 animals were of genotype SL and 1891 of genotype āSLxāLY. In regard to the birth year of tested gilts, the distribution was following: n2006=296, n2007=895, n2008=934, n2009=803, n2010=589 and n2011=83 gilts. In regard to testing year, the distribution of gilts was as follows: n2007=682, n2008=875, n2009=962, n2010=697 and n2011=384 gilts. The effects of test year and birth year were established (P (lt) 0.001) for all studied traits, whereas the effect of genotype was not established (P>0.05).Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se utvrdi uticaj genotipa grla, godine merenja i roÄenja grla na osobine performans testiranih nazimica: uzrast na kraju testa (UKT), životni dnevni prirast (ŽDP), debljina slanine 1 i 2 (DSL1 i DSL2), dubina leÄnog miÅ”iÄa (MLD) i procenjeni udeo mesa u trupu. Od ukupnog broja (n=3600) istraživanjem je obuhvaÄeno 1709 grla genotipa Å L i 1891 grla genotipa āÅ LxāVJ. Po godini roÄenja testiranih nazimica distribucija je bila sledeÄa: n2006=296, n2007=895, n2008=934, n2009=803, n2010=589 i n2011=83 nazimice. Dok je po godinama testiranja distribucija nazimica bila sledeÄa: n2007=682, n2008=875, n2009=962, n2010=697 i n2011=384 nazimice. Za sve ispitivane osobine utvrÄen je uticaj godine merenja i godine roÄenja (P (lt) 0.001) dok uticaj genotipa nije utvrÄen (P>0.05)
Fatty acid profile of m. longissimus dorsi of Mangalitsa and Moravka pig breeds
The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and fatty acid content in m. longissimus dorsi (MLD) of two indigenous pig breeds (ML - Swallow-belly Mangalitsa and M - Moravka) reared in free range farm conditions and fed complete mixtures used for commercial meat pig genotypes. The body mass of ML and M pigs at slaughter was, on average, 107.14 and 107.61 kg, respectively. In MLD of M pigs, more total fat was measured compared to ML breed (6.96 % compared to 5.10 %, P lt 0.05). Protein content in MLD of ML pigs was higher by +0.92 % (P lt 0.01) compared to M pigs. Male castrates of M pigs had more fat compared to gilts of the same breed (8.64 compared to 5.29 %), and the 3.35 % difference between mean values was statistically significant (P lt 0.05). The breed of pigs influenced the total saturated fatty acids (P=0.011) and mono-unsaturated fatty acid (P=0.003) contents, but not the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (P=0.325). In the case of saturated fatty acids in the MLD of ML and M pigs, the most common were C16:0 (25.05 % and 25.53 %) and C18:0 (12.73 % and 14.40 %). The MLD of M pigs contained 1.67 % more stearic acid compared to ML pigs (P=0.004). Pigs of ML, compared to M pigs, had more C18:1cis-9 (+2.31 %), C16:1 (+0.49 %), C17:1 (+0.10 %) and less C20:1cis-11 (-0.25 %). The content of two essential fatty acids, C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3, did not vary according to breed or sex of pigs (P>0.05). The n-6/n-3 ratio was higher than optimal (18.7 for breed ML and 13.7 for M)
Povezanost osobina veliÄine legla
Heredity and correlation of litter size traits were observed in 3693 litters, i.e. in 1622 daughters of two genotypes Swedish Landrace genotype - SL; and F1 ā SLxLW. The study included daughters (minimum ten daughters per sire) of 24 sires. Heritability estimates for the total number of piglets per litter in the first, the first two parities, and for all three parities was 0.174; 0.167 and 0.135. Heritability estimates for the number of piglets born alive were 0.181; 0.160 and 0.121, and for the weight of litter at birth 0.166; 0.174 and 0.150. On the other hand, very low heritability was determined for the number of weaned piglets, litter weight of piglets reared, individual weight of born and reared piglets, i.e. for the traits that are under greater influence of the environment (from 0.004 to 0.037). Phenotypic and genetic correlations ranged from weak to complete (rp = 0.021 to rp = 0.973 and rg=0.188 to rg=0.999, respectively). Analysis of the significance of correlations showed that the genetic correlations were statistically highly significant (P (lt) 0.01).Naslednost i meÄusobna povezanost osobina veliÄine legla praÄene su za 3693 legla, odnosno kod 1622 kÄeri dva genotipa Å”vedski landras - Å L; i F1 āÅ LxVJ. Ispitivanjem su obuhvaÄene kÄeri (minimalno deset kÄeri po ocu) od 24 oca. Heritabiliteti za ukupan broj prasadi u leglu u prvom, prvom i drugom i za sva tri praÅ”enja iznosio je 0,174; 0,167 i 0,135. Za broj živoroÄene prasadi vrednosi heritabiliteta su iznosile 0,181; 0,160 i 0,121, dok su za masu legla pri roÄenju vrednosti 0,166; 0,174 i 0,150. Sa druge strane utvrÄen je jako slab heritabilitet za broj odgajene prasadi, masu legla odgajene prasadi, individualnu masu roÄene i odgajene prasadi odnosno za ispitivane osobine koje su pod veÄim uticajem okoline (od 0,004 do 0,037). Fenotipske i genetske korelacije kretale su se od slabih do potpunih (rp=0,021 to rp=0,973 odnosno rg=0,188 to rg=0,999). Testiranje znaÄajnosti korelacija pokazalo je da su genetske bile statistiÄki visoko znaÄajne (P (lt) 0,01)
Sastav polutki i kvalitet mesa lasaste mangulice gajene u dva sistema
Objective of this paper was to determine the composition of carcass sides and quality of meat obtained from two groups of fatteners (male castrated pigs) of Swallow-Belly Mangalitsa breed. First group was reared in an open system (SO, n=13) and the other group in farm conditions with free ranges (SI, n=10). Animals were slaughtered in the same slaughtering facility. Left carcass sides were dissected and percentage of meat (Actual LMP) calculated according to EU reference method (EC, No 1249/2008). Data obtained in the study was analyzed using GLM procedure of the program package SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Inst.Inc., 2002-2003).Average pre slaughter body weight of fatteners was 103.83 Ā± 10.13 kg. Housing and nutrition system in production of fatteners had statistically highly significant effect (p (lt) .0001) on pre-slaughter age of fatteners. Statistically significant differences were obtained only in mean values obtained for back fat measured on single location/position - lower back (BFR I) between fatteners of groups SO and SI. Total weight of all individual carcass side parts and weight of relevant muscle tissue, depended on the weight of warm carcass sides (WHC) but not on the housing system (SBF). Carcass sides of fatteners contained in average 35.64 Ā± 4.39% of muscle tissue (Actual LMP). Meat content in carcass sides (Predicted LMP) was determined according to Rulebook/Pravilnik (1985) for fatty pig breeds and it was 29.67 Ā± 1.27%. In the musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) of fatteners reared in closed system, was recorded higher content of water (p=0.0069), lower content of total fats/lipids (p=0.0081) and higher content of ash (p=0.0392) compared to animals from the open system of housing. No statistically significant differences in average protein content (p=0.5940) and pH1 value (p=0.0659) were established between fatteners reared in open and closed system of housing.Cilj ovog rada je bio da se utvrdi sastav polutki i kvalitet mesa tovljenika (muÅ”ka kastrirana grla) lasaste mangulice gajenih u dva sistema držanja i ishrane. Ustanovljene su statistiÄki znaÄajne razlike srednjih vrednosti samo debljine slanine izmerene na jednoj poziciji na krstima (BFR I) izmeÄu tovljenika gajenih u otvorenom i zatvorenom sistemu. Sve linearne mere toplih polutki, osim BFR II i BFR III, zavisile su od mase toplih polutki odnosno mase tovljenika pri klanju. Ukupna masa sva Äetiri pojedinaÄna dela polutke i masa miÅ”iÄnog tkiva u njima, zavisila je od mase toplih polutki ali ne i sistema držanja. U polutkama tovljenika bilo je proseÄno 35,64 Ā± 4,39% miÅ”iÄnog tkiva (Stvarni MTP). Sadržaj mesa u polutkama prema PRAVILNIKU (1985) (Procenjeni MTP) za masne svinje iznosio je 29,67 Ā± 1,27%. U MLD tovljenika držanih u zatvorenom sistemu utvrÄen je veÄi sadržaj vode (+2,22%, p=0,0069), manji ukupnih masti (-2,64%, p=0,0081) i veÄi sadržaj pepela (+0,07%, p=0,0392) nego kod grla iz otvorenog sistema držanja
Povezanost osobina veliÄine legla
Heredity and correlation of litter size traits were observed in 3693 litters, i.e. in 1622 daughters of two genotypes Swedish Landrace genotype - SL; and F1 ā SLxLW. The study included daughters (minimum ten daughters per sire) of 24 sires. Heritability estimates for the total number of piglets per litter in the first, the first two parities, and for all three parities was 0.174; 0.167 and 0.135. Heritability estimates for the number of piglets born alive were 0.181; 0.160 and 0.121, and for the weight of litter at birth 0.166; 0.174 and 0.150. On the other hand, very low heritability was determined for the number of weaned piglets, litter weight of piglets reared, individual weight of born and reared piglets, i.e. for the traits that are under greater influence of the environment (from 0.004 to 0.037). Phenotypic and genetic correlations ranged from weak to complete (rp = 0.021 to rp = 0.973 and rg=0.188 to rg=0.999, respectively). Analysis of the significance of correlations showed that the genetic correlations were statistically highly significant (P (lt) 0.01).Naslednost i meÄusobna povezanost osobina veliÄine legla praÄene su za 3693 legla, odnosno kod 1622 kÄeri dva genotipa Å”vedski landras - Å L; i F1 āÅ LxVJ. Ispitivanjem su obuhvaÄene kÄeri (minimalno deset kÄeri po ocu) od 24 oca. Heritabiliteti za ukupan broj prasadi u leglu u prvom, prvom i drugom i za sva tri praÅ”enja iznosio je 0,174; 0,167 i 0,135. Za broj živoroÄene prasadi vrednosi heritabiliteta su iznosile 0,181; 0,160 i 0,121, dok su za masu legla pri roÄenju vrednosti 0,166; 0,174 i 0,150. Sa druge strane utvrÄen je jako slab heritabilitet za broj odgajene prasadi, masu legla odgajene prasadi, individualnu masu roÄene i odgajene prasadi odnosno za ispitivane osobine koje su pod veÄim uticajem okoline (od 0,004 do 0,037). Fenotipske i genetske korelacije kretale su se od slabih do potpunih (rp=0,021 to rp=0,973 odnosno rg=0,188 to rg=0,999). Testiranje znaÄajnosti korelacija pokazalo je da su genetske bile statistiÄki visoko znaÄajne (P (lt) 0,01)
Heritabilitet, fenotipske i genetske korelacije intenziteta porasta i mesnatosti svinja
The five year study included two genotypes of gilts of performance tested gilts, Swedish landrace and crosses F1 generation SLxLY. Of total number (n=3600), 1709 animals were genotype SL and 1891 animals were genotype SLxLY. Measuring of back fat thickness in the loin part (FT1), between 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae, 7cm laterally to the back line; back fat thickness (FT2) and depth of the musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) between the 3rd and 4th rib from the rear, 7cm laterally to the back line. Assessment of meat yield was done using the ultrasonograph apparatus Piglog 105. In regard to meat yield indicators, medium heritability values were established for FT1 h2=0.461, and high values for FT2 h2=0.639, and for meat yield h2=0.633. Low heritability was established for depth of MLD (h2=0.105), life daily gain (h2=0.110) and age at the end of test (h2=0.103). Established phenotypic correlations between fat thickness FT1 and FT2 were strong (rp=0.638); between fat thickness and meat yield very strong (rp=-0.880 to -0.895), and between fat thickness and MLD very weak and negative (rg=-0.103 to -0.216). Genetic correlations were stronger than phenotypic, so between fat thickness FT1 and FT2 the correlation was complete/full (rg=0.930), also between fat thickness and meat yield (rg=-0.979 to -0.982), whereas the correlation between fat thickness and MLD was strong and negative (rg=-0.627 to -0.653). Heritability values for fat thickness and meat yield show that these traits have high level of heritability and are transfered to the progeny, whereas the level and strength of their dependance show that by decreasing the fat thickness positive influences is exhibited on meat yield, and that by increasing of depth of MLD also the meat yield is increased.PetogodiÅ”njim istraživanjem su bila obuhvaÄena dva genotipa nazimica Å”vedski landras i melezi F1 generacije Å LxVJ. Od ukupnog broja (n=3600) istraživanjem je obuhvaÄeno 1709 grla genotipa Å L i 1891 grla genotipa Å LxVJ. Merenje debljine leÄne slanine i dubine musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) i procena mesnatosti je obavljeno ultrazvuÄnim aparatom Piglog 105. Za pokazatelje mesnatosti utvrÄeni su srednji heritabiliteti za SL1 h2=0,461, a visoki za SL2 h2=0,639, i za mesnatost h2=0,633. Nizak heritabilitet utvrÄen je za dubinu MLD-a (h2=0,105), životni dnevni prirast (h2=0,110) i za uzrast (h2=0,103). UtvrÄene fenotipske korelacije izmeÄu debljine slanine SL1 i SL2 su jake (rp=0,638); izmeÄu debljine slanine i mesnatosti korelacije su vrlo jake (rp=-0,880 do -0,895), dok su izmeÄu debljine slanine i MLD-a jako slabe i negativne (rg=-0,103 do -0,216). Genetske korelacije su jaÄe od fenotipskih, tako da je izmeÄu debljine slanine korelacija potpuna (rg=0,930), kao i izmeÄu debljine slanine i mesnatosti (rg=-0,979 do -0,982), dok je korelacija jaka i negativna izmeÄu debljine slanine i MLD-a (rg=-0,627 do -0,653). PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31081
Uticaj rase, nerasta i sezone na neke osobine sperme
The main objective of this study was to assess the phenotypic variability of the ejaculate volume (VOL) and progressive sperm motility (MO) under the influence of breed, boar within breed and season. The study included 555 ejaculates of Danish Landrace (DL), Danish Large White (DLW) and Danish Duroc (DD) boars. The effect of boar was analyzed within the investigated breeds. The impact of the season was investigated as the influence of the month in which the ejaculate was taken. The model included a linear regression effect of boar age when the semen was taken. Data analysis was performed using the statistical package SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Inst. Inc.., 2002-2003). Impact assessment was carried out using the GLM procedure. The impact of all factors analyzed in both sperm traits was significant to highly significant, and the observed factors largely explain the phenotypic variability VOL compared to MO. The highest values were found in VOL of DL boar (3:58 Ā± 164.96 ml), and the MO of boar breed DLW (85.45 Ā± 0.94%). Boars DD had VOL and MO below the averages of all analyzed breeds. Between boars within studied genotypes differences were established (p (lt) 0.05, p (lt) 0.05, p (lt) 0.01 p (lt) 0.001) and a boar of DLW breed compared to all tested boars had the highest volume of ejaculate sperm with progressive motility of 90.47%. Volume, or mobility varied (p (lt) 0.01 or p (lt) 0.05) influenced by season, and in September and October boars had ejaculates with the VOL values above average and the lowest MO. Since most VOL and MO above the annual average in June, it was possible to get the highest number of doses per ejaculate with optimal reproductive/fertile ability.Osnovni cilj rada bio je da se oceni fenotipska varijabilnost volumena ejakulata (VOL) i progresivne pokretljivosti spermatozoida (MO) pod uticajem rase, nerasta unutar rase i sezone. Istraživanjem je bilo obuhvaÄeno 555 ejakulata nerasta rase danski landras (DL), danski jorkÅ”ir (DLW) i danski durok (DD). Uticaj nerasta analiziran je unutar ispitivanih rasa. Uticaj sezone ispitivan je kao uticaj meseca u kojem je uzet ejakulat. U model je ukljuÄen i linearni regresijski uticaj starosti nerasta prilikom uzimanja ejakulata. Obrada podataka izvrÅ”ena je pomoÄu statistiÄkog paketa SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Inst. Inc., 2002-2003). Ocena uticaja je izvrÅ”ena primenom GLM procedure. Uticaj svih analiziranih faktora na obe osobine sperme bio je znaÄajan do vrlo visoko znaÄajan, a posmatrani faktori u veÄoj meri objaÅ”njavaju fenotipsku varijabilnost VOL u odnosu na MO. NajveÄe vrednosti VOL utvrÄene su kod nerasta rase DL (164.96Ā±3.58 ml), a MO kod nerasta rase DLW (85.45Ā±0.94%). Nerasti DD imali su VOL i MO ispod proseka svih analiziranih rasa. IzmeÄu nerasta unutar ispitivanih genotipova utvrÄene su razlike (p>0.05, p (lt) 0.05, p (lt) 0.01, p (lt) 0.001), a nerast rase DLW u odnosu na sve ispitivane neraste imao je najveÄi volumen ejakulata sa progresivnom pokretljivoÅ”Äu spermatozoida od 90.47%. Volumen, odnosno pokretljivost su varirali (p (lt) 0.01, odnosno p (lt) 0.05) pod uticajem sezone, a u periodu septembar-oktobar nerasti su imali ejakulate sa vrednostima VOL iznad proseka i najnižom MO. S obzirom na najveÄi VOL i MO iznad godiÅ”njeg proseka, u junu mesecu je bilo moguÄe dobiti najveÄi broj doza po ejakulatu sa optimalnom fertilnom sposobnoÅ”Äu
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