Distance Cautious IP - A Systematic Approach in VANETS

VANET is a decentralized network that allows the vehicles to communicate with each other for providingsafety warning, traffic management and driver assistance systems. Vehicular IP in Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (VIP-WAVE)has characterized the IP configuration for extended andnon-extended IP services, and amobilitymanagement scheme supportedby Proxy Mobile IPv6 over WAVE.As the vehicular networks are formed even in remote areas with inadequate power source, the units have power constraints which are overcome by power control in the proposed system .The objective of the paper is to improve the quality of the network by providing internet accesswith transmit power control along which the distance between the RSU and on-board vehicular units(OBU)is determined i.e., power consumption is reduced when at least distance. Hence the RSU provides Distance Cautious Internet Protocol (DCIP) to the OBU for internet access.This paper analyses the WAVE standard and its support of IP based applications, and proposesDistance Cautious Internet Protocol in WAVE(DCIP-WAVE)

Comparative study of the effects of intranasal midazolam with intranasal dexmedetomidine as premedication in paediatric anaesthesia

Background: Premedication in children is more acceptable with the intranasal route. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine as premedication in paediatric surgeries as compared to intranasal midazolam. Methods: This study was conducted in 60 patients of 6 to 12 years posted for tonsillectomy surgeries. Patients were randomly allocated into Group 1 and 2. Patient in group 1 (30) received 0.2mg/kg of intranasal midazolam as nasal drop using 1ml insulin syringe and similarly group 2 (30) received 1µg/kg of intranasal dexmedetomidine as nasal drops using 1ml insulin syringe. Sedation score, Anxiolysis score, pre oxygenation mask holding response score, post-operative agitation scores were evaluated. Results: In our study, we observed that 76.7% of children in dexmedetomidine group attained better sedation compared to 46.7% in midazolam group. Anxiolytic effect in Group 1 (83.3%) was slightly better than in Group 2 (80%). 90% of the patients in dexmedetomidine group allowed easy pre oxygenation compared to 80% in midazolam group. Venipuncture response was better with dexmedetomidine group (86.7%) compared to midazolam group (73.3%). Postoperative agitation response in both the groups was same. The fall in HR, SBP was more with dexmedetomidine and there was no significant change in DBP in both the groups. Conclusions: From our study, we concluded that premedication with intranasal dexmedetomidine is more effective than intra nasal midazolam in providing sedation. Both the drugs are effective in providing anxiolysis and better inducing condition. Therefore, intranasal dexmedetomidine is more efficacious than intranasal midazolam as premedication in children

2D Monte-Carlo Radiative transfer modeling of the disk shaped secondary of Epsilon Aurigae

We present two dimensional Monte-Carlo radiative transfer models for the disk of the eclipsing binary $\epsilon$ Aur by fitting its spectral energy distribution from optical to the far-IR wavelengths. We also report new observations of $\epsilon$ Aur made by AKARI in its five mid and far-IR photometric bands and were used to construct our SED. The disk is optically thick and has flared disk geometry containing gas and dust with a gas to dust mass ratio of 100. We have taken the primary of the binary to be a F0Iae-type post-AGB star and the disk is heated by a B5V hot star with a temperature of 15,000 K at the center of the disk. We take the radius of the disk to be 3.8 AU for our models as constrained from the IR interferometric imaging observations of the eclipsing disk. Our models imply that the disk contains grains which are much bigger than the ISM grains (grain sizes 10$\mu$ to 100$\mu$). The grain chemistry of the disk is carbonaceous and our models show that silicate and ISM dust chemistry do not reproduce the slope of the observed SED in the mid-IR to far-IR regions. This implies that the formation of the disk shaped secondary in $\epsilon$ Aur system could be the result of accretion of matter and or mass transfer from the primary which is now a F0Iae post-AGB star. It is not a proto-planetary disk. The disk is seen nearly edge on with an inclination angle larger than 85$^{o}$. We propose from our radiative transfer modeling that the disk is not solid and have a void of 2AU radius at the center within which no grains are present making the region nearly transparent. The disk is not massive, its mass is derived to be less than 0.005M$_{\odot}$.Comment: 27 pages, 5 figures, 2 table

Preliminary studies on the baking of chapatties

Assuming that the degree of baking is determined by percentage loss of moisture content, and that conduction of heat is the predominant factor in the baking of the 'Chapatties', an equation has been derived on the basis of a few simplifying assumptions, expressing the percentage moisture loss as a function of baking time and thickness of chapatties. The limitations of the equation have been discussed in the light of some preliminary observations taken under laboratory conditions, and the equation has been modified accordingly, in order to represent the experimental data with reasonable accurac

Percolating through networks of random thresholds: Finite temperature electron tunneling in metal nanocrystal arrays

We investigate how temperature affects transport through large networks of nonlinear conductances with distributed thresholds. In monolayers of weakly-coupled gold nanocrystals, quenched charge disorder produces a range of local thresholds for the onset of electron tunneling. Our measurements delineate two regimes separated by a cross-over temperature $T^*$. Up to $T^*$ the nonlinear zero-temperature shape of the current-voltage curves survives, but with a threshold voltage for conduction that decreases linearly with temperature. Above $T^*$ the threshold vanishes and the low-bias conductance increases rapidly with temperature. We develop a model that accounts for these findings and predicts $T^*$.Comment: 5 pages including 3 figures; replaced 3/30/04: minor changes; final versio

Vafa-Witten Estimates for Compact Symmetric Spaces

We give an optimal upper bound for the first eigenvalue of the untwisted Dirac operator on a compact symmetric space G/H with rk G-rk H\le 1 with respect to arbitrary Riemannian metrics. We also prove a rigidity statement.Comment: LaTeX, 11 pages. V2: Rigidity statement added, minor changes. To appea