Literature Review: Learning Through Game-Based Technology Enhances Cognitive Skills

Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine that video games can have a variety of effects on players, including improving working memory, cognitive flexibility, planning, spatial memory, emotions, and recognition through Digital Game-Based Learning   Theoretical framework: Recent research has indicated positive outcomes for student performance and engagement in digital gaming in education with a significant impact on intrinsic motivation, game mechanics, and the learning process as a whole, with scientifically confirmed favourable consequences. DGBL is a recent creation, thus there is still a lot to research and discover about it.   Design/methodology/approach: This study's objective was to gather and evaluate all empirical studies on improving cognitive abilities through game technology that had been published between 2000 and 2023. The author discusses a number of earlier research to investigate how game-based learning affects the growth of cognitive skills. 75 journal articles and 10 conference papers are examined by the author. The author also looks at three books about game-based learning. The author condenses his investigations into 58 articles by contrasting the various research gaps and approaches. The 58 articles included in this study were chosen from 30 reputable journals and provided trustworthy information as well as empirical evidence for further examination of the results of the 58 studies. These papers all drew their information from reliable sources with high indexes.   Findings: According to the findings of this study, game-based learning should become an important tool and e-resource for future learning in universities, particularly in academic libraries. This research backs up previous findings that game based will play an important role in learning in the future.   Research, Practical & Social implications:  We Suggest that more studies on game-based learning need to be conducted in the future to produce an effective learning environment based on credible frameworks and ideas.   Originality/value: The results indicate that the number of publications is growing and a consistent research framework and procedures for conducting reliable video game research must be developed. When arbitrary information is necessary to advance toward the objective of the game; the context in which the game is used. The study conclusions may be used as a general guideline to create a game-based technology model by indulging all the game elements and through that game-based technology the user will be tested to understand the enhancement of cognitive ability. This study may present the reader with further intriguing study subjects

Search for magnetoelectric monopole response in Cr2_2O3_3 powder

Powder samples have been suggested as a pathway to fabricate isotropic magnetoelectric (ME) materials which effectively only have a pseudoscalar or monopole ME response. We demonstrate that random distribution of ME grains alone does not warrant isotropic ME response because the activation of a non-vanishing ME response requires a ME field cooling protocol which tends to induce preferred axes. We investigate the evolution of ME susceptibility in powder chromia samples for various ME field cooling protocols both theoretically and experimentally. In particular, we work out the theoretical expressions for ME susceptibility for powder Chromia in the framework of statistical mechanics where Boltzmann factors weigh the orientation of the N\'eel vector relative to the local orientation of the c-axis of a grain. Previous approximations oversimplified the thermodynamic nature of the annealing process giving rise to misleading conclusions on the role of the magnitude of the applied product of electric and magnetic fields on the ME response. In accordance with our refined theory, a strong dependence of the functional form of $\alpha$ vs. $T$ of Chromia powders on the ME field cooling protocol is observed. It shows that Chromia powder is not generically an isotropic ME effective medium but provides a pathway to realize the elusive isotropic ME response.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review

Search for magnetoelectric monopole response in Cr\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eO\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e powder

Powder samples have been suggested as a pathway to fabricate isotropic magnetoelectric (ME) materials which effectively only have a pseudoscalar or monopole ME response. We demonstrate that random distribution of ME grains alone does not warrant isotropic ME response because the activation of a nonvanishing ME response requires a ME field cooling protocol which tends to induce preferred axes.We investigate the evolution of ME susceptibility in powder chromia samples for various ME field cooling protocols both theoretically and experimentally. In particular, we work out the theoretical expressions for ME susceptibility for powder chromia in the framework of statistical mechanics where Boltzmann factors weigh the orientation of the Néel vector relative to the local orientation of the c axis of a grain. Previous approximations oversimplified the thermodynamic nature of the annealing process giving rise to misleading conclusions on the role of the magnitude of the applied product of electric and magnetic fields on the ME response. In accordance with our refined theory, a strong dependence of the functional form of α vs T of chromia powders on the ME field cooling protocol is observed. It shows that chromia powder is not generically an isotropic ME effective medium but provides a pathway to realize the elusive isotropic ME response

CodePlan: Repository-level Coding using LLMs and Planning

Software engineering activities such as package migration, fixing errors reports from static analysis or testing, and adding type annotations or other specifications to a codebase, involve pervasively editing the entire repository of code. We formulate these activities as repository-level coding tasks. Recent tools like GitHub Copilot, which are powered by Large Language Models (LLMs), have succeeded in offering high-quality solutions to localized coding problems. Repository-level coding tasks are more involved and cannot be solved directly using LLMs, since code within a repository is inter-dependent and the entire repository may be too large to fit into the prompt. We frame repository-level coding as a planning problem and present a task-agnostic framework, called CodePlan to solve it. CodePlan synthesizes a multi-step chain of edits (plan), where each step results in a call to an LLM on a code location with context derived from the entire repository, previous code changes and task-specific instructions. CodePlan is based on a novel combination of an incremental dependency analysis, a change may-impact analysis and an adaptive planning algorithm. We evaluate the effectiveness of CodePlan on two repository-level tasks: package migration (C#) and temporal code edits (Python). Each task is evaluated on multiple code repositories, each of which requires inter-dependent changes to many files (between 2-97 files). Coding tasks of this level of complexity have not been automated using LLMs before. Our results show that CodePlan has better match with the ground truth compared to baselines. CodePlan is able to get 5/6 repositories to pass the validity checks (e.g., to build without errors and make correct code edits) whereas the baselines (without planning but with the same type of contextual information as CodePlan) cannot get any of the repositories to pass them

Voltage controlled Néel vector rotation in zero magnetic field

Multi-functional thin films of boron (B) doped Cr2O3 exhibit voltage-controlled and nonvolatile Néel vector reorientation in the absence of an applied magnetic field, H. Toggling of antiferromagnetic states is demonstrated in prototype device structures at CMOS compatible temperatures between 300 and 400 K. The boundary magnetization associated with the Néel vector orientation serves as state variable which is read via magnetoresistive detection in a Pt Hall bar adjacent to the B:Cr2O3 film. Switching of the Hall voltage between zero and non-zero values implies Néel vector rotation by 90 degrees. Combined magnetometry, spin resolved inverse photoemission, electric transport and scanning probe microscopy measurements reveal B-dependent TN and resistivity enhancement, spin-canting, anisotropy reduction, dynamic polarization hysteresis and gate voltage dependent orientation of boundary magnetization. The combined effect enables H = 0, voltage controlled, nonvolatile Néel vector rotation at high-temperature. Theoretical modeling estimates switching speeds of about 100 ps making B:Cr2O3 a promising multifunctional single-phase material for energy efficient nonvolatile CMOS compatible memory applications