WEAR RESISTANT MULTI FUNCTIONAL POLYMER COATINGS

This study aims to develop coatings which show wear resistant behaviour along with multiple functions such as improved ice adhesion, better freezing delay etc which help in improving the effectiveness of the wind turbine efficiency. The significance of anti-icing/de-icing solutions for wind turbines is emphasized since ice accretion can cause serious issues in generation of power and might lead to damage of blades. The use of active and passive anti-icing/de-icing technologies in wind turbine blade applications is reviewed. The discrepancy between passive anti-icing, which depends on surface treatment, coatings, de-icing fluids and active anti-icing, which uses heating devices, sensors such as actuators, transducers, is explored along with the current challenges in industry. In this study we’ve developed interesting methods for improving the anti-icing/de-icing capabilities of wind turbine blades by using gelcoat coatings in which are filler particles (boron nitride and graphene) and oils (vegetable and paraffin oil) are incorporated. Evaluating the impacts of type of fillers, oils, their concentrations on anti-icing efficacy, as well as the prospects for this technique to enhance wind energy production's reliability and productivity will be explored. In summary, this study aims to develop multi-functional polymer coatings for anti-icing/de-icing application in wind turbine blades. The coatings with boron-nitride and graphene showed an increase in the surface roughness and contact angles, while there’s no change in the chemical composition in comparison with pure gelcoat. The thermal conductivity of the coatings was increased with addition of fillers. For the wear test, the operating parameters chosen are a load of 5N and 1Hz frequency of slider, which is run for a duration of 10 min. The COF for both the coatings is lesser than baseline coatings whereas graphene provided better wear resistance. The hardness was increased for boron-nitride coatings and it remained almost same for graphene coatings. The ice adhesion strength, freezing delay and thermal analysis (TGA) for these coatings showed better performance than pure gelcoat. Whereas for coatings with vegetable and paraffin oils, the contact angles were increased and surface roughness was increased in case of paraffin oil coatings whereas it reduced for vegetable oil coatings. Both the coatings offered better wear resistance and reduced COF, whereas the hardness was reduced. The ice adhesion strength and freezing delay improved drastically and are much better than both pure gelcoat as well as coatings with boron-nitride and graphene. There is slight increase in the glass transition temperature than pure gelcoat coating

WEAR RESISTANT MULTI FUNCTIONAL POLYMER COATINGS

This study aims to develop coatings which show wear resistant behaviour along with multiple functions such as improved ice adhesion, better freezing delay etc which help in improving the effectiveness of the wind turbine efficiency. The significance of anti-icing/de-icing solutions for wind turbines is emphasized since ice accretion can cause serious issues in generation of power and might lead to damage of blades. The use of active and passive anti-icing/de-icing technologies in wind turbine blade applications is reviewed. The discrepancy between passive anti-icing, which depends on surface treatment, coatings, de-icing fluids and active anti-icing, which uses heating devices, sensors such as actuators, transducers, is explored along with the current challenges in industry. In this study we’ve developed interesting methods for improving the anti-icing/de-icing capabilities of wind turbine blades by using gelcoat coatings in which are filler particles (boron nitride and graphene) and oils (vegetable and paraffin oil) are incorporated. Evaluating the impacts of type of fillers, oils, their concentrations on anti-icing efficacy, as well as the prospects for this technique to enhance wind energy production's reliability and productivity will be explored. In summary, this study aims to develop multi-functional polymer coatings for anti-icing/de-icing application in wind turbine blades. The coatings with boron-nitride and graphene showed an increase in the surface roughness and contact angles, while there’s no change in the chemical composition in comparison with pure gelcoat. The thermal conductivity of the coatings was increased with addition of fillers. For the wear test, the operating parameters chosen are a load of 5N and 1Hz frequency of slider, which is run for a duration of 10 min. The COF for both the coatings is lesser than baseline coatings whereas graphene provided better wear resistance. The hardness was increased for boron-nitride coatings and it remained almost same for graphene coatings. The ice adhesion strength, freezing delay and thermal analysis (TGA) for these coatings showed better performance than pure gelcoat. Whereas for coatings with vegetable and paraffin oils, the contact angles were increased and surface roughness was increased in case of paraffin oil coatings whereas it reduced for vegetable oil coatings. Both the coatings offered better wear resistance and reduced COF, whereas the hardness was reduced. The ice adhesion strength and freezing delay improved drastically and are much better than both pure gelcoat as well as coatings with boron-nitride and graphene. There is slight increase in the glass transition temperature than pure gelcoat coating

Graphene-enhanced, wear-resistant and thermal-conductive, anti-/de-icing Gelcoat composite coating

Wind power is considered as a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy source. However, the occurrence of icing poses significant challenges to energy production, particularly in frigid regions during the winter season. Conventional strategies employed for preventing and removing ice formation have proven inadequate due to their inability to satisfy intricate requirements or their high energy consumption. In this study, a commercial gelcoat coating was adopted as an anti-/de-icing coating by introducing different concentrations of graphene and boron nitride into the gelcoat coating through physical mixing. Extensive investigations were conducted on the correlation between anti-/de-icing, wear resistance, and thermal conductivity. Notably, the incorporation of nanoparticles induced a rise in the surface roughness, resulting in prolonged resistance to water icing on the coated surface. The wear resistance and thermal conductivity of the composite coating were enhanced through the inclusion of boron nitride and graphene. The building of thermal conductive particle networks improved thermal conductivity which can lead to improved heat transfer and heat distribution. At the same time, the enhanced gelcoat composite coating exhibited exceptional passive anti-/de-icing performance and wear resistance. This coating can replace commercial coatings to improve anti-/de-icing efficiency for the existing active heating anti-/de-icing techniques available in the market. In this study, we aimed to enhance the wear resistance, thermal conductivity, and anti-/de-icing properties of a gelcoat composite coating by incorporating graphene and boron nitride. The gelcoat graphene coating showed better performance than the gelcoat boron nitride coating and pure gelcoat coating. The improved wear resistance of the gelcoat graphene coating can be attributed to the two-dimensional layer structure of graphene, while the addition of graphene resulted in a threefold increase in the thermal conductivity of the gelcoat composite coating compared to the pure gelcoat coating. The gelcoat composite coatings exhibited a high-water contact angle and low ice adhesive force. It was observed that as the surface roughness increased, the water contact angle also increased. The increase in ice adhesion after abrasion proves that abrasion is always detrimental to de-icing. Despite the extension of icing delay time, the large number of grooves and bumps created by wear results in stronger mechanical interlocking. It is worth mentioning that gelcoat graphene coating still demonstrated lower ice adhesive strength than gelcoat boron nitride coating and pure gelcoat coating. Overall, we successfully developed a gelcoat graphene coating with improved thermal conductivity, wear resistance, and low ice adhesive properties. This novel composite coating has the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of existing heating technologies for anti-/de-icing applications, thereby reducing energy consumption associated with the turbine blades’ anti-/de-icing system.Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-04-02 (hanlid);Full text license: CC BY 4.0</p

Effective utilisation of waste cooking oil in a single-cylinder diesel engine using alumina nanoparticles

Considering the rapid decline in the amount of fossil fuels and the large quantities of emissions they release into the atmosphere, which are responsible for global warming, researchers are looking for alternative sources of energy. Biodiesel is an alternative source that is suitable for use as an alternative to diesel and can result in a reduction in the level of pollutants released. It has been observed that trans-esterified cooking oil can be combusted in an internal combustion engine like different biofuels with no major adjustments. Recent studies have proved that with the addition of nanoadditives, the performance and emissions have a very good impact on the environment. In the present experimental study, trans-esterified vegetable oil was used as biodiesel, along with the addition of nanoadditives (alumina) to diesel, and the outcomes were compared with baseline diesel operation. The nanoadditive was blended in the fuel mixture alongside an appropriate surfactant. Various blends were made and used for this investigation. Performance, emission and combustion parameters were studied using a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine at various loads, keeping a constant compression ratio of 18. Due to the availability of oxygen in the biodiesel and the better blending capacities of the nanoparticles, it was observed that there was a reduction in the opacity, CO and HC emissions; however, there was a small increment in NOx. It was also observed that the specific fuel consumption decreased with the increase in in-cylinder pressures. The outcomes showed that the addition of alumina in the diesel-biodiesel mixture has a positive overall effect on the environment