Expansion properties for finite subdivision rules II

We prove that every sufficiently large iterate of a Thurston map which is not doubly covered by a torus endomorphism and which does not have a Levy cycle is isotopic to the subdivision map of a finite subdivision rule. We determine which Thurston maps doubly covered by a torus endomorphism have iterates that are isotopic to subdivision maps of finite subdivision rules. We give conditions under which no iterate of a given Thurston map is isotopic to the subdivision map of a finite subdivision rule.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figure

The Immediate Effects of Cervicothoracic Manipulation versus Stretching on Upper Trapezius Pressure Pain Thresholds and Range of Motion in Individuals without Neck Pain

Background and Purpose: Myofascial pain may be considered one of the most common clinical findings in patients with neck pain (NP). Motor aspects of myofascial pain include disturbed motor function and muscle weakness secondary to motor inhibition, muscle stiffness, and restricted range of motion (ROM). Currently, it is unclear which interventions may have the greatest immediate impact on pressure pain sensitivity and ROM. Several studies have demonstrated improved pressure pain thresholds (PPT) after cervical manipulation; however, it is not clear if manipulation targeted to the cervicothoracic (CT) junction will have a similar effect. Others recommend stretching as a method to reduce muscle soreness; however, the immediate effects of passive stretching to the upper trapezius on PPT and ROM have not been studied. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the influence of CT manipulation and passive stretching to the upper trapezius on PPT and ROM in individuals without recent complaint of NP. Subjects: Ninety (90) subjects without current complaint of NP were enrolled into the study. Methods: PPT was assessed on both the right and left upper trapezius musculature. Cervical range of motion (CROM) was assessed in the frontal, sagittal, and transverse planes. Subjects were randomized into one of three groups for intervention (CT manipulation, passive upper trapezius stretching, or control). CROM was reassessed immediately after the intervention. PPT levels were reassessed at 5 and 10 minutes post intervention by a blinded examiner. Mean and standard deviations for PPT and ROM were calculated. Repeated measures two-way ANOVA was used to assess within group (pre- and post- treatment) differences as well as difference among treatment conditions (Control, CT Manip, and Stretch groups). Post-hoc one-way ANOVA tests were used to examine the effects of group assignment/time points in the event of significant interactions between time and group assignment. Statistical significant was set at p \u3c0.05. Results: The two-way ANOVA test showed that there was a significant interaction between time and group assignment for CROM in the sagittal and transverse planes, however the post-hoc comparisons did not reveal a significant difference among 3 treatment group or among 3 time points. ANOVA also showed that there was not a difference in frontal plane CROM between time and group assignment. Similarly, although the two-way ANOVA test revealed a significant interaction between time and group assignment for PPT, post-hoc analyses showed that there was no difference between the 3 groups or among 3 time points for either side of the upper trapezius. Discussion: No significant difference in any plane of motion CROM or PPT pre-treatment to post-treatment between treatment groups brings into question the cause of the improved measures with time. Trends found with increased CROM and PPT over time are clouded by increased measures in the control group. The need for further research exists to better understand the relationship between CT manipulation and upper trapezius stretching and their effects on pain pressure thresholds and CROM. Conclusion: Upper trapezius stretching and CT manipulation may both be viable options for treatment by improving CROM and increasing PPT. Further high powered studies focusing on reducing the learning effects between measures and lowering participant uneasiness with research methods could produce clearer results

Crummer/SunTrust Portfolio Recommendations [2011]

The analysis of the current economic situation forecasts a favorable environment for growth for U.S. corporations. The desired asset class allocation distributes only the minimum to cover the fixed income and cash constraint; the rest of the portfolio is allocated to equities. Predicted economic growth means increased production and low interest rates will provide a favorable environment for U.S. corporations to grow earnings. In addition, low inflation will help keep costs low, allowing businesses to hold prices for their goods and services. Even though we believe U.S. consumers are not ready to pay higher prices due to continued high unemployment, low costs mean corporations should not have to squeeze their profits. Additionally, high cash reserves will provide companies with investment opportunities through M&A, which will be welcomed by our portfolio with 13%, allocated in small caps

Lung injury-induced skeletal muscle wasting in aged mice is linked to alterations in long chain fatty acid metabolism

Older patients are more likely to acquire and die from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and muscle weakness may be more clinically significant in older persons. Recent data implicate muscle ring finger protein 1 (MuRF1) in lung injury-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in young mice and identify an alternative role for MuRF1 in cardiac metabolism regulation through inhibition of fatty acid oxidation

Oral Fluid Testing during 10 Years of Rubella Elimination, England and Wales

Surveillance of rubella in England and Wales has included immunoglobulin M testing of oral (crevicular) fluid from reported case-patients since 1994. The need for laboratory confirmation to monitor rubella elimination is emphasized by poor sensitivity (51%, 95% confidence interval 48.9%–54.0%) and specificity (55%, 95% confidence interval 53.7%–55.6%) of the clinical case definition. During 1999–2008, oral fluid from 11,709 (84%) of 13,952 reported case-patients was tested; 143 (1.0%) cases were confirmed and 11,566 (99%) were discarded (annual investigation and discard rate of clinically suspected rubella cases was 2,208/100,000 population). Incidence of confirmed rubella increased from 0.50 to 0.77/1 million population when oral fluid testing was included. Oral fluid tests confirmed that cases were more likely to be in older, unvaccinated men. Testing of oral fluid has improved ascertainment of confirmed rubella in children and men and provided additional information for assessing UK progress toward the World Health Organization elimination goal

The Grizzly, February 13, 2014

Annual Job, Internship and Networking Fair Brings Potential Employers to the Ursinus Campus • International Medical Corps Representative to Speak This Wednesday • History Department Holds Nazi Regime Lecture • ZBS Group to Perform in Valentine\u27s Day Improv Workshop • Recycle Mania Returns to UC • Students Bring Composting to Lower • Wismer Music Open to Input • TLI Reps to Visit Hong Kong • Opinion: Smartphones Make Communication a Chore; The Endgame of Piracy is Product Placement • Men\u27s Lacrosse Boasts Strong Senior Class • All-American Football Player Announces He is Gay • Winter Sports Regular Season Coming to Closehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1897/thumbnail.jp