14 research outputs found
The costs of switching attentional sets
People prioritize those aspects of the visual environment that match their attentional set. In the present study, we investigated whether switching from one attentional set to another is associated with a cost. We asked observers to sequentially saccade toward two color-defined targets, one on the left side of the display, the other on the right, each among a set of heterogeneously colored distractors. The targets were of the same color (no attentional set switch required) or of different colors (switch of attentional sets necessary), with each color consistently tied to a side, to allow observers to maximally prepare for the switch. We found that saccades were less accurate and slower in the switch condition than in the no-switch condition. Furthermore, whenever one of the distractors had the color associated with the other attentional set, a substantial proportion of saccades did not end on the target, but on this distractor. A time course analysis revealed that this distractor preference turned into a target preference after about 250â300Â ms, suggesting that this is the time required to switch attentional sets
The Vehicle, Fall 1982
Vol. 24, No. 1
Table of Contents
Winter SurveillanceB.L. Davidsonpage 3
The InvitationBecky Lawsonpage 4
Check In, Check OutSteve Sandstrompage 4
On The Front Porch StepKeila Tooleypage 5
Old Greek ManDevon Flesorpage 5
Exotic PassionsBecky Lawsonpage 6
PhotographLisa Owenspage 7
Beyond The ThornsBrook Wilsonpage 8
Ritual Of HeatB.L. Davidsonpage 11
The GamerBecky Lawsonpage 12
It\u27s OverKeila Tooleypage 13
DreamJohn Stockmanpage 14
Silver DollarGina J. Grillopage 15
The DancerJessica Lewispage 16
Snapshots Of Rural IllinoisIsabel M. Parrottpage 16
The Last SeasonTheresa Whitesidepage 17
DrawingKaren Haneypage 17
Rotary LuncheonJessica Lewispage 18
Factory TourLinda Fraembspage 18
The ImmigrantsD.L. Lewispage 19
At Shedd AquariumLinda Fraembspage 20
The GuardianBecky Lewispage 20
Digital LifeEverett Tackettpage 21
Full ServiceScott Graypage 22
Dust ShowLinda A. Brownpage 23
At SixMaureen Foertschpage 24
DrawingJean Imherrpage 24
ReflectionMaggie Kennedypage 25
Cat DefiningBecky Lawsonpage 26
Ode To An Unread NewspaperLinda Fraembspage 26
GumSteve Sandstrompage 27
The DancerChrystal Clarkpage 27
PoemD.L. Lewispage 28
For LucyStacey Flanniganpage 29
An AbortionDevon Flesorpage 29
ReveriesKeila Tooleypage 30
Sunday Morning After Tequila With LemonScott Graypage 33
Staging A Living Jewel BoxMichelle Mitchellpage 34
The Other WomanStacey Flanniganpage 35
The Natural LookMichelle Mitchellpage 35
Poem To A Girl Named SandalsJohn Stockmanpage 36
PhotographLisa Owenspage 37
In The Balcony Of The Bijou On A Saturday NightScott Graypage 38
The Canadian Soccer PlayerBecky Lawsonpage 39
The HealingJohn Stockmanpage 39
AppeasedDevon Flesorpage 40
CodaJohn Stockmanpage 40https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1040/thumbnail.jp
The Vehicle, Fall 1984
Vol. 26, No. 1
Table of Contents
Thoughts on I-57Jim Caldwellpage 3
A Night Between Lonely and BlindJennifer K. Soulepage 4
What is Unnatural is Sometimes MagicAngelique Jenningspage 4
Cutting ClosenessBecky Lawsonpage 5
PhotoBrian Ormistonpage 6
The Sensuality of Corn One Week in AugustMichelle Mitchellpage 7
American MusicJim Caldwellpage 7
Water is WaitingMichael Kuopage 8
WhereJennifer K. Soulepage 8
The Fishing HoleJan Kowalskipage 9
Miller\u27s PondSue Gradypage 9
PhotoCathy Stonerpage 11
Young Man Reading To His LoverMaggie Kennedypage 11
ShellsChristopher R. Albinpage 12
In The ShadeJohn Fehrmannpage 12
FallLynanne Feilenpage 13
IndecisionDave L. Brydenpage 13
Dark Falls SoftlyAngelique Jenningspage 14
Not a Parked \u2757 Chevy in the Summer in the CountryMichelle Mitchellpage 20
BirdAnnie Heisepage 20
Clouds Created Only For Poets And Certain WomenJennifer K. Soulepage 21
SandGraham Lewispage 22
PhotoFred Zwickypage 23
Judgment CallCathy Moepage 23
I was hip that night Dan Hintzpage 24
A Sight Of WindDan Von Holtenpage 25
Tillard Isabel M. Parrottpage 26
The WidowMaggie Kennedypage 27
The SeparationMichelle Mitchellpage 27
The Garden Hose TrialMaggie Kennedypage 28
InterruptionsJennifer K. Soulepage 28
On Happening Across Jesus While Cleaning the BasementMaggie Kennedypage 29
GileonMichelle Mitchellpage 30
If My Father Were A Writer, He Would Still BuildAngelique Jenningspage 36
A Visit to Grandpa Gib\u27s HouseTammy Veachpage 37
For Having SeenAngelique Jenningspage 38
PhotoJudy Klancicpage 39
The Earth in BlueSusan J. Bielskypage 39
Things I Could Have SaidAngelique Jenningspage 40
AcrosticsAnnie Heisepage 40https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1044/thumbnail.jp
The Vehicle, Fall 1984
Vol. 26, No. 1
Table of Contents
Thoughts on I-57Jim Caldwellpage 3
A Night Between Lonely and BlindJennifer K. Soulepage 4
What is Unnatural is Sometimes MagicAngelique Jenningspage 4
Cutting ClosenessBecky Lawsonpage 5
PhotoBrian Ormistonpage 6
The Sensuality of Corn One Week in AugustMichelle Mitchellpage 7
American MusicJim Caldwellpage 7
Water is WaitingMichael Kuopage 8
WhereJennifer K. Soulepage 8
The Fishing HoleJan Kowalskipage 9
Miller\u27s PondSue Gradypage 9
PhotoCathy Stonerpage 11
Young Man Reading To His LoverMaggie Kennedypage 11
ShellsChristopher R. Albinpage 12
In The ShadeJohn Fehrmannpage 12
FallLynanne Feilenpage 13
IndecisionDave L. Brydenpage 13
Dark Falls SoftlyAngelique Jenningspage 14
Not a Parked \u2757 Chevy in the Summer in the CountryMichelle Mitchellpage 20
BirdAnnie Heisepage 20
Clouds Created Only For Poets And Certain WomenJennifer K. Soulepage 21
SandGraham Lewispage 22
PhotoFred Zwickypage 23
Judgment CallCathy Moepage 23
I was hip that night Dan Hintzpage 24
A Sight Of WindDan Von Holtenpage 25
Tillard Isabel M. Parrottpage 26
The WidowMaggie Kennedypage 27
The SeparationMichelle Mitchellpage 27
The Garden Hose TrialMaggie Kennedypage 28
InterruptionsJennifer K. Soulepage 28
On Happening Across Jesus While Cleaning the BasementMaggie Kennedypage 29
GileonMichelle Mitchellpage 30
If My Father Were A Writer, He Would Still BuildAngelique Jenningspage 36
A Visit to Grandpa Gib\u27s HouseTammy Veachpage 37
For Having SeenAngelique Jenningspage 38
PhotoJudy Klancicpage 39
The Earth in BlueSusan J. Bielskypage 39
Things I Could Have SaidAngelique Jenningspage 40
AcrosticsAnnie Heisepage 40https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1044/thumbnail.jp
Time to Switch to Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand.
Background: Data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand. Methods: Children aged <18 years initiating combination ART (â„2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs] plus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI] or boosted protease inhibitor [PI]) were included. Switch to second-line was defined as (i) change across drug class (PI to NNRTI or vice versa) or within PI class plus change of â„1 NRTI; (ii) change from single to dual PI; or (iii) addition of a new drug class. Cumulative incidence of switch was calculated with death and loss to follow-up as competing risks. Results: Of 3668 children included, median age at ART initiation was 6.1 (interquartile range (IQR), 1.7-10.5) years. Initial regimens were 32% PI based, 34% nevirapine (NVP) based, and 33% efavirenz based. Median duration of follow-up was 5.4 (IQR, 2.9-8.3) years. Cumulative incidence of switch at 5 years was 21% (95% confidence interval, 20%-23%), with significant regional variations. Median time to switch was 30 (IQR, 16-58) months; two-thirds of switches were related to treatment failure. In multivariable analysis, older age, severe immunosuppression and higher viral load (VL) at ART start, and NVP-based initial regimens were associated with increased risk of switch. Conclusions: One in 5 children switched to a second-line regimen by 5 years of ART, with two-thirds failure related. Advanced HIV, older age, and NVP-based regimens were associated with increased risk of switch
The Vehicle, Spring 1982
Vol. 23, No. 2
Table of Contents
WelcomeDeb Hoelscherpage 4
Why We Talked All NightCathy Georgepage 5
MorningKathleen Alakspage 5
Adventures With BreakfastSusan Mehlpage 6
Her Golden YearsKathleen Alakspage 7
Policy RiderIsabel M. Parrottpage 10
As a Man Pets his CatBrian Nordinpage 11
Mr. Simmel\u27s BirthdayScott Fishelpage 12
When Last I Saw GrandpaElise Dinquelpage 14
CommunionKathleen Alakspage 15
Within the CrowdsElise Dinquelpage 16
PenniesScott Fishelpage 17
The AlleyScott Fishelpage 18
MindsightCathy Georgepage 19
Image MakerLori A. Beanepage 20
UntitledD.L. Lewispage 21
Class NotesJanean Longpage 26
Math ProblemSusan Mehlpage 27
Poolside SpectatorBrian Nordinpage 28
The ShellBarb Unkrautpage 28
My Old BedroomD.A.page 30
My Brother\u27s StoryJohn Stockmanpage 31
DecisionSherry Martinpage 33
GreaseKathleen Alakspage 34
Blizzard\u27s WorldSusan Burbpage 36
The DustingMichelle Mitchellpage 37
The SupperLenore Howardpage 38
Soup HaikuJohn Stockmanpage 40
I Want to ArgueCathy Georgepage 41
Flute: A Bohemian Love SongGary Ervinpage 42
MomentSherry Martinpage 43
ReflectionDeb Hoelscherpage 43
Art
CoverKeila Tooley
PhotographKim Hutchcraftpage 3
PhotographKim Hutchcraftpage 13
PhotographKim Hutchcraftpage 35
DrawingChristine Gorkapage 29
DrawingJanet Buenzpage 44https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1041/thumbnail.jp
The Vehicle, Spring 1982
Vol. 23, No. 2
Table of Contents
WelcomeDeb Hoelscherpage 4
Why We Talked All NightCathy Georgepage 5
MorningKathleen Alakspage 5
Adventures With BreakfastSusan Mehlpage 6
Her Golden YearsKathleen Alakspage 7
Policy RiderIsabel M. Parrottpage 10
As a Man Pets his CatBrian Nordinpage 11
Mr. Simmel\u27s BirthdayScott Fishelpage 12
When Last I Saw GrandpaElise Dinquelpage 14
CommunionKathleen Alakspage 15
Within the CrowdsElise Dinquelpage 16
PenniesScott Fishelpage 17
The AlleyScott Fishelpage 18
MindsightCathy Georgepage 19
Image MakerLori A. Beanepage 20
UntitledD.L. Lewispage 21
Class NotesJanean Longpage 26
Math ProblemSusan Mehlpage 27
Poolside SpectatorBrian Nordinpage 28
The ShellBarb Unkrautpage 28
My Old BedroomD.A.page 30
My Brother\u27s StoryJohn Stockmanpage 31
DecisionSherry Martinpage 33
GreaseKathleen Alakspage 34
Blizzard\u27s WorldSusan Burbpage 36
The DustingMichelle Mitchellpage 37
The SupperLenore Howardpage 38
Soup HaikuJohn Stockmanpage 40
I Want to ArgueCathy Georgepage 41
Flute: A Bohemian Love SongGary Ervinpage 42
MomentSherry Martinpage 43
ReflectionDeb Hoelscherpage 43
Art
CoverKeila Tooley
PhotographKim Hutchcraftpage 3
PhotographKim Hutchcraftpage 13
PhotographKim Hutchcraftpage 35
DrawingChristine Gorkapage 29
DrawingJanet Buenzpage 44https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1041/thumbnail.jp