Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of Satlasana Taluka

Family Salticidae is most species rich group of order Araneae. Jumping spiders are taxonomically diverse, present everywhere in huge abundance and diurnal. As their names simply, jumping spiders are also quick and agile jumpers, and will do so both to escape potential predators and to capture small prey and regulating arthropod population. Spiders have important role in ecosystems but they have been largely ignored in conservational studies. This might be one of the reasons of poor knowledge on jumping spider of this area. The study on jumping spiders made in different habitats from Satlasna Taluka during October 2014 to December 2017. Specimen collections were conducted using visual search, litter sampling, sweep netting and hand picking methods from all the sites. One hundred eighty four specimens belong to 28 species and 17 genera were recorded. For the period of this study certain new genera documented for Gujarat such as Carrhotus sannio; Menemerus brachygnathus; M. fulvus; phintella alboterminus.; Siler semiglaucus and Thiania sp

Study of Detached (Fresh) Leaf and Dried Leaf with Image Processing

Agriculture is the keystone of human being provisions on this world. Now with rising inhabitants we need the efficiency of the agriculture to be augmented a lot to meet the demands. In ancient days they used natural methods to boost the yield, such as using the animal dung as manure in the fields. That resulted increase in the productivity sufficient to meet the requirements of the population. Although later people started thinking of earning more profits by getting more result. So, there came a revolution called “Green Revolution”. So, in this paper we have carried out some methods to measure the plant growth by the means of having area of a leaf. The study gives aspect of comparing the detached leaf with the dried leaf and it will be helpful to researcher to evaluate the dryness and also it will be helpful for the analysis at the time of biodegradation of the leaves and for the generation of organic manures. In this paper we implemented image processing using IJ (Image J 1.48V – Java 1.6.0_20(32- bit)) to measure various image processing related functions. And images of plants we took from D. K. Parmar’s field. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15011

Intercalation-enhanced electric polarization and chain formation of nano-layered particles

Microscopy observations show that suspensions of synthetic and natural nano-layered smectite clay particles submitted to a strong external electric field undergo a fast and extended structuring. This structuring results from the interaction between induced electric dipoles, and is only possible for particles with suitable polarization properties. Smectite clay colloids are observed to be particularly suitable, in contrast to similar suspensions of a non-swelling clay. Synchrotron X-ray scattering experiments provide the orientation distributions for the particles. These distributions are understood in terms of competing (i) homogenizing entropy and (ii) interaction between the particles and the local electric field; they show that clay particles polarize along their silica sheet. Furthermore, a change in the platelet separation inside nano-layered particles occurs under application of the electric field, indicating that intercalated ions and water molecules play a role in their electric polarization. The resulting induced dipole is structurally attached to the particle, and this causes particles to reorient and interact, resulting in the observed macroscopic structuring. The macroscopic properties of these electro-rheological smectite suspensions may be tuned by controlling the nature and quantity of the intercalated species, at the nanoscale.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Effect of physiotherapy on single breath count and breath holding time in COVID-19 patients

Background: The novel Coronavirus is known to primarily affect the respiratory system and physiotherapy treatment is integral to combat this infection. However, the assessment of pulmonary function poses a difficult challenge considering the risk of spread of infection and sanitisation of the devices used. Single breath count (SBC) and breath holding time (BHT) can be thus adopted as bedside assessment tests for pulmonary function following physiotherapy treatment.Method: In this a retrospective observational study of 51 COVID-19 patients, mean age 51.7±14.56 years, on room air, admitted in the step-down units of a tertiary care hospital. Patients received standard physiotherapy treatment, within safe hemodynamic limits. Pre and post treatment session SBC was recorded in 32 patients and BHT in 19 patients. Three reading were noted and the best of three readings were used for analysis.Results: The paired t test was used to analyse SBC and BHT. Mean pre and post SBC was 18.25±8.96 and 23.31±9.96 respectively with a mean difference of 5.06 and p<0.0001. Mean pre and post BHT were 19.37 and 23.05 seconds respectively with a mean difference of 3.68 and p<0.0001.  Statistically significant difference in the pre and post treatment session SBC and BHT was observed, indicating a positive effect of physiotherapy treatment on pulmonary function.Conclusion: Physiotherapy treatment shows significant improvement in the pulmonary function in COVID-19 patients. SBC and BHT tests can be used as assessment and prognostic tools for pulmonary function in COVID-19 patients

4U2206+54 - an Unusual High Mass X-ray Binary with a 9.6 Day Orbital Period but No Strong Pulsations

Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer All-Sky Monitor observations of the X-ray source 4U2206+54, previously proposed to be a Be star system, show the X-ray flux to be modulated with a period of approximately 9.6 days. If the modulation is due to orbital variability then this would be one of the shortest orbital periods known for a Be star X-ray source. However, the X-ray luminosity is relatively modest whereas a high luminosity would be predicted if the system contains a neutron star accreting from the denser inner regions of a Be star envelope. Although a 392s pulse period was previously reported from EXOSAT observations, a reexamination of the EXOSAT light curves does not show this or any other periodicity. An analysis of archival RXTE Proportional Counter Array observations also fails to show any X-ray pulsations. We consider possible models that may explain the properties of this source including a neutron star with accretion halted at the magnetosphere and an accreting white dwarf.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa