CRYSTAL: a storage ring for crystalline beams and other applications

23sireservedThe possibility of generating crystallized ion beams has always excited the interest of most people working on particle accelerators. The reason of this interest has manifold aspects: either a knowledge on a completely new research field or some of the applicative potentialities, connected with crystalline beams, would justify a careful investigation on this content. The Conceptual Design of a low-energy heavy-ion storage ring, called CRYSTAL, proposed for the experimental demonstration of crystalline beams at Legnaro Laboratories is presented. Besides the study of crystalline beams the CRYSTAL Storage Ring (CSR) offers a large potential for fundamental research in nuclear, atomic and molecular physics. In this sense, the development of a second generation cooler ring with better lattice will give large possibilities to investigate more deeply in fundamental physics.mixedTECCHIO, L.; ATUTOV, A.; BISOFFI, G.; BUROV, A.; CALABRESE, R; CIULLO, G.; CLAUSER, T.; DAINELLI, A.; DIKANSKY, N.S.; GUIDI, V.; GUSTAFSSON, S.; LAMANNA, G.; LENISA, P.; MARIOTTI, E.; MOI, L.; MOISIO, M.F.; PARKHOMUCHUK, V.V.; PESTRIKOV, D.V.; PISENT, A.; POGGI, M.; STAGNO, V.; VARIALE, V.; YANG, B.Tecchio, L.; Atutov, A.; Bisoffi, G.; Burov, A.; Calabrese, R; Ciullo, G.; Clauser, T.; Dainelli, A.; Dikansky, N. S.; Guidi, V.; Gustafsson, S.; Lamanna, G.; Lenisa, P.; Mariotti, E.; Moi, L.; Moisio, M. F.; Parkhomuchuk, V. V.; Pestrikov, D. V.; Pisent, A.; Poggi, M.; Stagno, V.; Variale, V.; Yang, B

The CRYSTAL storage ring: design and perspectives

eds. K. Hatanaka, K. Sato, and K. Tumur

Ion beam crystallization

After the successful exploitation of electron cooling in several heavy ion storage rings the possibility of generating crystalline ion beams gained the interest of particle accelerator physicists. New cooling methods, such as laser cooling, give further opportunity to reach ultra cold system of particles necessary for the state transition to the crystalline configuration. Crystalline beams will give insight into a completely new research field, reaching higher standards in precision measurements and techniques. The applicative potentialities of crystalline beams justify a careful investigation on this subject. The conceptual design of a low-energy heavy-ion storage ring, called CRYSTAL, proposed for the experimental demonstration of crystalline beams at Legnaro LNL is presented

CRYSTAL: a storage ring for crystalline ion beams

This is brief summary of the Design Report concerning the low-energy heavy-ion storage ring proposed for the experimental demonstration of Crystalline Beams and other applications. The design of the project has been in a first stage optimized for the study of Crystalline Beams; but provisions have also been made for carrying out experiments of different nature with applications to nuclear, atomic and molecular physics. The Tandem- ALPI heavy-ion facilities of the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro is assumed as the injector for the storage ring

A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing

The 1000 Genomes Project aims to provide a deep characterization of human genome sequence variation as a foundation for investigating the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Here we present results of the pilot phase of the project, designed to develop and compare different strategies for genome-wide sequencing with high-throughput platforms. We undertook three projects: low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of 179 individuals from four populations; high-coverage sequencing of two mother-father-child trios; and exon-targeted sequencing of 697 individuals from seven populations. We describe the location, allele frequency and local haplotype structure of approximately 15 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, 1 million short insertions and deletions, and 20,000 structural variants, most of which were previously undescribed. We show that, because we have catalogued the vast majority of common variation, over 95% of the currently accessible variants found in any individual are present in this data set. On average, each person is found to carry approximately 250 to 300 loss-of-function variants in annotated genes and 50 to 100 variants previously implicated in inherited disorders. We demonstrate how these results can be used to inform association and functional studies. From the two trios, we directly estimate the rate of de novo germline base substitution mutations to be approximately 10(-8) per base pair per generation. We explore the data with regard to signatures of natural selection, and identify a marked reduction of genetic variation in the neighbourhood of genes, due to selection at linked sites. These methods and public data will support the next phase of human genetic research

A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing

The 1000 Genomes Project aims to provide a deep characterization of human genome sequence variation as a foundation for investigating the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Here we present results of the pilot phase of the project, designed to develop and compare different strategies for genome-wide sequencing with high-throughput platforms. We undertook three projects: low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of 179 individuals from four populations; high-coverage sequencing of two mother-father-child trios; and exon-targeted sequencing of 697 individuals from seven populations. We describe the location, allele frequency and local haplotype structure of approximately 15 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, 1 million short insertions and deletions, and 20,000 structural variants, most of which were previously undescribed. We show that, because we have catalogued the vast majority of common variation, over 95% of the currently accessible variants found in any individual are present in this data set. On average, each person is found to carry approximately 250 to 300 loss-of-function variants in annotated genes and 50 to 100 variants previously implicated in inherited disorders. We demonstrate how these results can be used to inform association and functional studies. From the two trios, we directly estimate the rate of de novo germline base substitution mutations to be approximately 10(-8) per base pair per generation. We explore the data with regard to signatures of natural selection, and identify a marked reduction of genetic variation in the neighbourhood of genes, due to selection at linked sites. These methods and public data will support the next phase of human genetic research.Molecular Epidemiolog